• DAY3SVR: Nws Storm Prediction Center Norman Ok

    From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Dec 15 19:31:51 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 151931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 151930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0130 PM CST Sun Dec 15 2024

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are expected from the southern Plains to the
    Mid-Mississippi Valley and across Florida on Tuesday. Severe
    thunderstorms appear unlikely at this time.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Tuesday, a fast moving jet streak will move from the Inter
    Mountain West to the central Plains. This will lead to some weak lee cyclogenesis with this surface low drifting south along the Front
    Range through the day. The positively tilted upper trough will
    sharpen by Tuesday evening, and a surface low will start to develop
    into the Plains and eventually move somewhere near the
    Mid-Mississippi Valley by the end of the period.

    A reservoir of moderate instability will be present across the
    southern half of Texas on Tuesday morning with slow northward
    movement toward the Red River through the day. Neutral to slightly
    rising heights aloft will likely keep thunderstorm activity limited
    during the day. However, during the evening and overnight hours as
    the upper trough sharpens and ejects into the Plains, height falls
    and increasing vorticity advection combined with increasing
    isentropic ascent should provide ample lift for scattered
    thunderstorm activity Tuesday night. Forecast soundings show weak to
    moderate elevated instability and moderate mid-level lapse rates. As
    mid-level flow strengthens with the approaching jet streak, 30 to 35
    knots of effective shear will likely be present along and to the
    north of the front. Isolated large hail may be possible in this zone
    after 03Z. The better chance for surface based thunderstorms will be
    farther south near the ArkLaTex. However, forecast soundings show
    weak shear that far south which would likely limit storm intensity
    even if surface-based convection can develop within a more unstable environment. A marginal risk may be needed for portions of the
    southern Plains/Ozarks in later outlooks if overlap between forcing, instability and shear becomes more clear.

    ..Bentley.. 12/15/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 16 08:04:53 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 160804
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160803

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0203 AM CST Mon Dec 16 2024

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible from the lower Ohio Valley southwest into northeast/central Texas, as well as across the Florida Peninsula and
    Georgia coast on Wednesday. Severe thunderstorms are not expected.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper trough will migrate across the eastern half of the CONUS on
    Wednesday. Boundary-layer moisture will remain modest across the
    southeast U.S., ahead of a southeast-advancing cold front extending
    from southern OH southwest to western TN and then central TX
    Wednesday morning. Isolated showers and thunderstorms are likely to
    be ongoing along the front at the beginning of the period. This
    activity will likely be elevated and just to the cool side of the
    surface front. Instability is expected to be very weak with
    southeast extent into the TN and Lower MS Valley, and morning
    thunderstorms will likely diminish in coverage as the front moves
    southeast. Severe thunderstorms are unlikely given limited
    instability and modest vertical shear.

    Additional thunderstorms are expected across the FL Peninsula and
    perhaps the GA coast. Low-level easterly flow will continue to
    maintain somewhat richer low-level moisture to the east of a surface
    inverted trough and in a separate regime from the approaching upper
    trough and surface front to the west. This will aid in modest
    destabilization through peak heating. Weak vertical shear will limit
    storm organization, and severe storms appear unlikely at this time.

    ..Leitman.. 12/16/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 16 19:30:28 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 161930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 161929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0129 PM CST Mon Dec 16 2024

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible from the lower Ohio Valley southwest into northeast/central Texas early on Wednesday and across the Southeast,
    Carolinas, and Florida Wednesday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough will migrate across the eastern half of the CONUS on
    Wednesday. Boundary-layer moisture will remain modest across the
    southeast U.S., ahead of a southeast-advancing cold front extending
    from southern OH southwest to western TN and then central TX
    Wednesday morning. Isolated showers and thunderstorms are likely to
    be ongoing along the front at the beginning of the period. This
    activity will likely be elevated and just to the cool side of the
    surface front. Instability is expected to be very weak with
    southeast extent into the TN and Lower MS Valley, and morning
    thunderstorms will likely diminish in coverage as the front moves
    southeast. Severe thunderstorms are unlikely given limited
    instability and modest vertical shear.

    Additional thunderstorms are possible across Florida and coastal
    Georgia where persistent easterly flow will continue to advect
    somewhat richer low-level moisture inland. In addition to this
    activity, isolated to scattered thunderstorms are possible across
    Georgia and the Carolinas as isentropic ascent increases with a
    modest low-level jet response ahead of the approaching mid-level
    trough. Predictability remains low with this potential as the
    mid-level vorticity maximum will trail well behind the cold front.
    Weak upper-level support combined with relatively weak isentropic
    ascent is the primary limiting factor for severe weather potential
    across Georgia and the Carolinas Wednesday afternoon/evening.

    ..Bentley.. 12/16/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Dec 17 07:53:33 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 170753
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170752

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0152 AM CST Tue Dec 17 2024

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper trough extending along the Atlantic coast into the eastern
    Gulf of Mexico will shift east across FL and moving offshore early
    in the forecast period. Meanwhile, a shortwave trough over the
    northern/central Plains will deepen and pivot east, maintaining a
    mean upper trough over the eastern U.S. through the period.

    A surface cold front will be located over north-central FL Thursday
    morning, and quickly develop south through the day. Weak instability
    is forecast ahead of the front across portions of the southeast FL
    Peninsula, supporting isolated thunderstorms. Poor midlevel lapse
    rates and very weak low and midlevel flow will preclude severe
    thunderstorm potential.

    ..Leitman.. 12/17/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Dec 17 19:15:36 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 171915
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 171913

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0113 PM CST Tue Dec 17 2024

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A positively tilted mid-level trough will move from the Southeast
    CONUS to the western Atlantic on Thursday. In addition, another
    mid-level trough will dig south out of the Canadian Prairies into
    the Upper Midwest while a ridge translates across the western CONUS.
    A surface cold front will begin the period across northern Florida
    and move south along the peninsula during the day.

    ...Florida...
    Weak to moderate instability will develop ahead of the surface front
    as it moves south along the Florida Peninsula during the day. Some thunderstorms will be possible along the eastern and southern coast
    of Florida during the afternoon where convergence and instability
    will be maximized. However, lapse rates will be too weak to support
    any severe weather potential.

    ..Bentley.. 12/17/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Dec 18 08:04:11 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 180804
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180803

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0203 AM CST Wed Dec 18 2024

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the Lower 48 on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...

    A broad upper trough will envelop much of the eastern half of the
    CONUS on Friday. Meanwhile, another upper trough will approach the
    Pacific coast late in the period, while upper ridging persists over
    the West. At the surface, high pressure will build over the central
    U.S. and a cold front will develop well south into the Gulf of
    Mexico and offshore the Atlantic coast. This will result in a dry
    continental airmass over much of the U.S. Isolated thunderstorms are
    possible over warmer waters offshore from the FL east coast and the
    Outer Banks. Any thunderstorms associated with the eastern Pacific
    upper trough will remain well offshore as well. Given a dearth of boundary-layer moisture and a stable airmass, inland thunderstorms
    are not expected across the Lower 48 on Friday.

    ..Leitman.. 12/18/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Dec 18 18:59:01 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 181858
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 181857

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1257 PM CST Wed Dec 18 2024

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the Lower 48 on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A large-scale mid/upper-level trough will persist across much of the central/eastern CONUS on Friday, as a significant embedded shortwave
    moves from the Ohio Valley vicinity towards the Carolinas and
    eventually offshore. A reinforcing cold front attendant to the
    shortwave trough will move southward across the Gulf of Mexico and
    Florida Peninsula. Dry/stable conditions and the influence of an
    expansive post-frontal surface ridge should limit destabilization
    and thunderstorm potential east of the Rockies.

    Across the West, a mid/upper-level shortwave trough is forecast to
    move across the Pacific Northwest early in the day and weaken with
    time. In its wake, a stronger trough over the eastern Pacific will
    begin to approach the OR/northern CA coast late Friday night.
    Convection with sporadic lightning flashes may accompany this
    stronger shortwave trough and approach near-coastal areas early
    Saturday morning, but thunderstorm potential is currently expected
    to remain largely offshore through the end of the period.

    ..Dean.. 12/18/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 19 08:06:41 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 190806
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190805

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0205 AM CST Thu Dec 19 2024

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm activity is not expected on Saturday.

    ...Synopsis...

    Expansive surface high pressure from the Rockies through the eastern
    U.S. will maintain a dry/stable airmass across most of the country.
    Across the Pacific Northwest, an upper trough will move inland and
    into the northern Rockies. A couple of thunderstorms offshore may
    approach the Oregon coast Saturday morning in the moist onshore flow
    regime. However, forecast soundings show weak instability which
    rapidly decreases away from the coast. As such, thunderstorm
    activity is expected to remain offshore.

    ..Leitman.. 12/19/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 19 19:21:48 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 191921
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 191920

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0120 PM CST Thu Dec 19 2024

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Saturday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid/upper-level shortwave trough is forecast to move across
    WA/OR/northern CA during the day on Saturday, and eventually
    approach the northern Rockies region by early Sunday morning. Very
    modest buoyancy (with pockets of MUCAPE around 100 J/kg) and ascent
    attendant to the shortwave will support convection with potential
    for sporadic lightning flashes and locally gusty winds across
    coastal regions of northern CA and OR. At this time, the greatest
    relative potential for any lightning activity is expected early in
    the forecast period, though shallow convective showers may persist
    through much of the day in the wake of the departing shortwave.

    Across the central/eastern CONUS, an expansive surface ridge will
    result in dry and stable conditions, with negligible thunderstorm
    potential.

    ..Dean.. 12/19/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 20 07:49:54 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 200749
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200748

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0148 AM CST Fri Dec 20 2024

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Sunday.

    ...Discussion...
    Progressive westerlies will persist over the CONUS on Sunday. The
    next in a series of shortwave troughs will move inland over the
    Pacific Northwest. Steepening lapse rates and weak buoyancy may
    allow for isolated thunderstorms Sunday late afternoon through
    Sunday night. Severe thunderstorms are not expected. Elsewhere, no thunderstorms are expected as high pressure and continental
    trajectories prevail from the Rockies eastward.

    ..Guyer.. 12/20/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 20 19:28:29 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 201928
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 201927

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0127 PM CST Fri Dec 20 2024

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A progressive upper-level pattern will persist across the CONUS on
    Sunday. A continental polar airmass will continue across the eastern
    CONUS which will mitigate any thunderstorm chances for most of the
    country. A few thunderstorms are possible along the Pacific
    Northwest Coast, particularly Sunday evening as the next in a series
    of mid-level troughs approaches the Oregon coast. Severe weather
    potential will remain low on Sunday.

    ..Bentley.. 12/20/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 21 08:24:03 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 210823
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210822

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 AM CST Sat Dec 21 2024

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Monday.

    ...Discussion...
    A shortwave trough is expected to amplify over the Rockies and High
    Plains in advance of a more prominent upper trough approaching the
    California coast Monday night. Modest low-level moisture return will
    occur across Texas in advance of a southeastward-moving cold front
    crossing the southern High Plains and parts of Texas. The potential
    for elevated thunderstorms should increase Monday night particularly
    across North Texas and south-central/eastern Oklahoma to the
    ArkLaTex. This will be as forcing for ascent and elevated moisture
    transport increase regionally. Severe thunderstorms are not
    currently expected given access to only weak elevated buoyancy.

    ..Guyer.. 12/21/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 21 19:19:12 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 211918
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 211916

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0116 PM CST Sat Dec 21 2024

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Thunderstorm chances are expected to increase late Monday evening
    into early Tuesday morning across parts of the southern Plains. A
    zonal flow regime aloft over the central CONUS will maintain a weak
    and elongated surface trough from the upper MS river valley into the
    Plains with an attendant plume of returning low-level moisture into
    central and eastern TX. Warm mid-level temperatures will limit
    thunderstorm potential for much of the day, but steeper mid-level
    lapse rates should accompany the arrival of a shortwave trough after
    06 UTC. This upper feature will not only promote gradual
    destabilization across the greater TX/OK/AR/LA region, but will help consolidate a weak surface low along a surface trough/cold front
    over central TX. The resulting low to mid-level mass response will
    bolster isentropic ascent with an increase in showers/thunderstorms
    within the warm advection plume.

    Latest guidance suggests convection will most likely be elevated and
    rooted above a veered 0-1 km wind profile. Weak deep-layer shear
    within the effective layer, combined with marginal buoyancy, should
    modulate convective intensity as thunderstorm coverage increases
    towards 12 UTC Tuesday. Sporadic lightning flashes will also be
    possible just off the FL/GA coast in the vicinity of a weak surface
    low as well as along the northern CA/OR coast as another upper-level
    wave moves onshore overnight Monday.

    ..Moore.. 12/21/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Dec 22 08:39:18 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 220838
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220837

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0237 AM CST Sun Dec 22 2024

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTH-CENTRAL/SOUTHEAST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong storms could occur across parts of south-central and
    southeast Texas on Tuesday.

    ...South-central/Southeast Texas...
    A southern-stream shortwave trough is expected to spread eastward on
    Tuesday across the south-central Plains toward the Ozarks. Low-level
    moisture should continue to increase across the Texas coastal plain
    into south-central Texas during the day. Scattered convection should
    be ongoing Tuesday morning across north/northeast Texas and the
    ArkLaTex vicinity, but modest diurnal destabilization should occur
    ahead of a southeastward-moving effective cold front across
    south-central to east/southeast Texas. A diurnally related
    intensification of storms is plausible near the advancing front, and
    possibly also in the free warm sector during the afternoon.

    Effective shear will not be overly strong /30-35 kt/, including some
    flow weakness noted in model soundings around 2-3 km AGL, but
    nonetheless could be sufficient for some organized storm modes. A
    few stronger/locally severe storms could occur, including the
    potential for storm-related wind gusts.

    ...Northern California/Pacific Northwest...
    As a prominent upper-level trough moves inland, isolated
    thunderstorms will be possible across northern California coastal
    areas and interior valley mainly through the morning and early
    afternoon, and possibly on a more isolated basis across other parts
    of the coastal Pacific Northwest.

    ..Guyer.. 12/22/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Dec 22 19:30:14 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 221930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 221929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0129 PM CST Sun Dec 22 2024

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTH-CENTRAL/SOUTHEAST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong storms could occur across parts of south-central and
    southeast Texas on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A progressive upper-level pattern will be present on Tuesday as a
    positively tilted mid-level trough moves off the Northeast Coast. A
    weaker positively tilted trough amplifies across the central CONUS
    and a much stronger trough moves inland across the West Coast.
    Overall, high pressure will dominate most of the CONUS with a weak
    low-pressure center along a frontal zone in the southern Plains and
    weak low-pressure in the InterMountain West.

    ...Southern Plains...
    Low to mid 60s dewpoints will advect inland across southern/eastern
    Texas on Tuesday as low-level flow strengthens south of a developing
    cold front. Mid-level cooling ahead of the approaching mid-level
    shortwave trough will steepen lapse rates and result in weak to
    potentially moderate instability. Thunderstorms will likely be
    ongoing near the surface front Tuesday morning with the
    front/composite outflow drifting slowly south during the day. Some
    diurnal increase in intensity is possible from this activity. In
    addition, strengthening of the low-level jet through the day may
    provide enough isentropic ascent for scattered thunderstorm
    development during the afternoon/evening across the open warm
    sector. Initially, deep-layer shear will be weak during the morning,
    but will increase to around 30 to 35 knots by the afternoon/early
    evening. This could result in some rotating updrafts with the
    potential for some large hail or a few wind gusts.

    ...Pacific Northwest/Northern California...
    A surface front will likely be located somewhere near the
    northern/central California coast at 12Z Tuesday. Forecast soundings
    ahead of this front show shallow/weak instability which could favor
    an isolated wind gust, but lightning activity should be minimal. A
    better chance for open-cell convection will be during the afternoon
    along the Pacific Northwest/California coast as mid-level temps cool
    and deeper instability develops. However, by this time, relatively
    weak flow should limit storm organization/intensity.

    ..Bentley.. 12/22/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 23 08:21:18 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 230821
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230820

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 AM CST Mon Dec 23 2024

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Christmas Day (Wednesday).

    ...Discussion...
    A lead southern-stream shortwave trough will tend to weaken across
    the Lower Mississippi Valley/Tennessee Valley on Wednesday, while a
    secondary shortwave trough modestly amplifies as it progresses east-southeastward over the southern Rockies toward far west Texas
    Wednesday night. Some thunderstorms may linger during the day across
    Louisiana and the upper Texas coast, and possibly into other parts
    of the Lower Mississippi Valley. Related to the secondary shortwave
    trough, isolated elevated thunderstorm development may also occur
    late Wednesday night across far eastern New Mexico into
    west/northwest Texas including the Texas Panhandle, with forecast
    soundings plausibly showing a couple hundred J/kg MUCAPE across this
    region by daybreak (12z) Thursday.

    Additionally, a few thunderstorms could again occur near the coastal
    Pacific Northwest/northern California Wednesday night as a shortwave trough/frontal band approaches and mid-level lapse rates steepen.
    Little or no severe-weather potential is currently expected with any
    of these scenarios, largely attributable to minimal buoyancy in each
    instance.

    ..Guyer.. 12/23/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 23 19:24:25 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 231924
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 231923

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0123 PM CST Mon Dec 23 2024

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Christmas Day (Wednesday).

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will weaken as it moves from East Texas to the
    Southeast on Wednesday. Some remnant thunderstorms may persist early
    in the period, but should weaken by the afternoon as mid-level
    heights rise and forcing weakens. A second, stronger mid-level
    trough will advance across the Southwest and become a closed
    mid-level low across the northeastern New Mexico vicinity by the end
    of the period. Surface moisture will remain across far southeast
    Texas on Wednesday night, but a strengthening low-level jet ahead of
    the mid-level trough may result in some moistening in the 1 to 3 km
    layer and some weak elevated instability by the end of the period
    across West Texas into the Texas Panhandle. This combined with
    forcing for ascent, may result in a few thunderstorms near 12Z
    Thursday. No severe storms are anticipated due to the weak
    instability.

    In addition, a mid-level shortwave trough will move onto the Oregon
    coast after 06Z Thu. Forecast soundings ahead of the associated
    surface front show mostly moist-adiabatic thermal profiles, but some
    weak instability may be present and result in a few thunderstorms.

    ..Bentley.. 12/23/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Dec 24 08:31:59 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 240831
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240830

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CST Tue Dec 24 2024

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    CENTRAL/EAST TEXAS AND WESTERN LOUISIANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will be possible on Thursday across
    central/east Texas into far western Louisiana and possibly the ArkLaTex/southeast Oklahoma.

    ...Central/East Texas to ArkLaTex/Lower Mississippi Valley...
    A southern-stream shortwave trough is expected to shift
    east-northeastward across Texas toward the Ozarks Thursday and
    Thursday night. In response, modest surface cyclogenesis should
    occur across North Texas toward the ArkLaTex, with an increasingly
    moist airmass across much of east/southeast Texas into Louisiana and
    the ArkLaTex.

    Scattered showers/thunderstorms will likely be ongoing Thursday
    morning, and be an influential factor for the main corridor of
    severe-weather potential into the afternoon. Current impressions are
    that a surface-based severe risk should increase into Thursday
    midday and early afternoon across east-central/possibly North Texas,
    perhaps generally around I-35, but perhaps more so toward the I-45
    corridor.

    Lower/some middle 60s F warm-sector dewpoints are expected,
    contributing to upwards of 750-1250 J/kg MLCAPE across
    east/southeast Texas by afternoon, with more minimal/uncertain
    destabilization northward into southeast Oklahoma and ArkLaTex,
    where at least some severe risk could occur. Particularly for
    east/southeast Texas, strong deep-layer/low-level shear, highlighted
    by 40-50 kt effective shear and 150-250 m2/s2 0-1 km SRH, will
    support a mixed mode of northeastward-moving bowing segments and semi-discrete/embedded supercells, including related damaging wind
    and tornado potential.

    Convective intensity and overall severe potential will likely tend
    to wane progressively into late evening/overnight, but at least a low-end/isolated severe risk will probably persist into parts of
    Louisiana and possibly as far east as the ArkLaMiss vicinity.

    ..Guyer.. 12/24/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Dec 24 19:27:05 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 241926
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 241925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0125 PM CST Tue Dec 24 2024

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS
    CENTRAL/EAST TEXAS AND WESTERN LOUISIANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will be possible on Thursday across
    central/east Texas into western Louisiana and possibly the
    ArkLaTex/southeast Oklahoma.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper-level trough initially in the southern High Plains will
    pivot through the southern Plains and parts of the lower Mississippi
    Valley while becoming negatively tilted on Thursday. Low to mid 60s
    F dewpoints are expected to advect northward ahead of a modestly
    deep surface trough in parts of central into East Texas and the
    ArkLaTex vicinity. A compact mid-level jet max and ascent will be
    favorably timed for organized storm development by mid afternoon.
    This activity should continue into the evening in to parts of
    western Louisiana and the ArkLaTex.

    ...Parts of central/East Texas into western Louisiana...
    Ongoing precipitation near the I-35 corridor is expected early in
    the period. This will have some impact on the exact timing/location
    of greater destabilization by the afternoon. Forecast guidance
    suggests that the most robust convection will occur by mid/late
    afternoon. Effective shear of 45-55 kts will promote organized storm structures. Convection in portions of North/Northeast Texas has a
    higher probability of being linear given the stronger forcing for
    ascent, though embedded supercells may occur. A more discrete mode
    is possible in East Texas with stronger shear within the mid-level
    jet core that will be less parallel to the surface trough. The
    low-level jet is expected to increase as it translates eastward
    allowing the tornado threat to continue into early evening. Damaging
    winds and tornadoes will likely be the primary hazards, though
    mid-level lapse rates/temperatures on the western flank of the warm
    sector would support a large hail threat with discrete convection.

    The eastward extent of the severe threat will be limited by
    decreasing moisture/mid-level lapse rates eventually. With low to
    mid 60s F dewpoints continuing to push northward, destabilization
    will continue into the evening in parts western/central Louisiana.
    Should convection maintain organization, as suggested by the latest
    ECMWF, risk could extend farther east than previously thought. The
    Slight risk has been extended eastward to account for this
    potential.

    ..Wendt.. 12/24/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Dec 25 08:31:34 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 250831
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250830

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CST Wed Dec 25 2024

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong thunderstorms could occur across the Lower Mississippi
    Valley on Friday.

    ...Southeast Texas to Lower Mississippi Valley...
    Linearly organized thunderstorms are expected to be ongoing Friday
    morning, near/east of the Mississippi River around daybreak,
    potentially including western Tennessee south-southwestward across
    Mississippi into Louisiana. Some strong to locally severe storms
    could occur early in the day, perhaps mainly across Mississippi
    where a modest reservoir of instability may reside coincident with a deep-layer/low-level wind field that will remain strong during the
    day, even while the main upper system quickly shifts away from the
    region. Some air mass recovery is possible during the day on the south-southwest periphery of the early day storms across the
    ArkLaMiss.

    Thunderstorms may increase in a northward-expanding trend Friday
    night across southeast Texas toward the ArkLaMiss, as the low-level
    baroclinic zone begins to return northward and isentropic ascent
    increases. Some hail potential cannot be ruled out in the presence
    of moderate elevated buoyancy and around 35-40 kt of shear within
    the cloud-bearing layer.

    ..Guyer.. 12/25/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Dec 25 19:21:08 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 251921
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 251920

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0120 PM CST Wed Dec 25 2024

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY ON FRIDAY AND FRIDAY NIGHT....

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong thunderstorms could occur across the Lower Mississippi
    Valley on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A line of thunderstorms will likely be ongoing at the beginning of
    the period from northern Mississippi to central Louisiana. A few of
    these thunderstorms could pose some threat for damaging wind gusts
    Friday morning, but the line is expected to weaken by mid-day as the
    associated mid-level trough moves north and heights rise across the
    remaining warm sector. Farther south and west across Louisiana, the
    frontal zone will start to lift north as another low-amplitude
    mid-level trough crosses the southern Plains and becomes negatively
    tilted. Isolated to scattered thunderstorms with a marginal severe
    threat could be possible from this activity during the afternoon and
    evening hours. Additionally, a stronger trough will dig into the
    southern Plains Friday night. By this time, greater instability will
    be in place across Louisiana and additional thunderstorms with
    isolated severe potential are possible after 06Z as the low-level
    jet intensifies.

    ..Bentley.. 12/25/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 26 08:45:30 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 260844
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260843

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0243 AM CST Thu Dec 26 2024

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS EAST TEXAS
    AND LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are expected Saturday from East Texas to the ArkLaMiss
    and Lower Mississippi Valley.

    ...East Texas/Lower Mississippi Valley to Tennessee Valley...
    A relatively complex forecast scenario exists for Saturday including
    some key timing/intensity differences among 00z-based global
    guidance. But while some spatial and event-magnitude details are
    uncertain, severe-weather potential is regionally apparent. This
    currently appear most probable centered across parts of Louisiana
    and Mississippi, but potentially also including areas such as
    southeast Arkansas and far East Texas.

    A southern-stream shortwave trough is likely to overspread the
    southern Plains to Ozarks/Mid-South on Saturday, with a notable
    strengthening of winds aloft into late Saturday afternoon and
    Saturday night, highlighted by some global guidance depictions of
    50+ kt west-southwesterly winds in the lowest 2-3 km AGL.

    Scattered early day convection and residual cloud cover will
    probably be complicating factors as far as forecast details, while
    potentially also limiting the overall risk magnitude and/or the
    northern extent of the primary severe risk. More common-than-usual
    areal severe-risk adjustments may be warranted into the Day 2 and
    Day 1 time frames as thermodynamic details and the disposition of
    early day convection are better resolved.

    Even with the possibility of semi-prevalent early day
    convection/clouds, ample mass response related to the approaching
    upper-level system, and a related steepening of mid-level lapse
    rates and strengthening flow fields, should inspire an uptick in
    deeper convection Saturday afternoon, perhaps initially across East
    Texas toward the ArkLaMiss vicinity. It appears that all
    severe-weather modes and hazards could occur, including large hail,
    damaging wind, and tornadoes as storms steadily develop
    east-northeastward Saturday afternoon and Saturday night.

    ..Guyer.. 12/26/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Dec 26 19:34:22 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 261934
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 261933

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0133 PM CST Thu Dec 26 2024

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM
    NORTH-CENTRAL LOUISIANA ACROSS MUCH OF CENTRAL MISSISSIPPI AND INTO
    FAR WEST-CENTRAL ALABAMA....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are expected Saturday from north-central Louisiana to west-central Alabama on Saturday. All severe weather hazards are
    possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough centered across the Texas Panhandle will move
    quickly across the southern Plains and become negatively tilted
    across the Ozarks by Saturday evening and into the Ohio Valley by
    Sunday morning. Rich low-level moisture will start to move inland
    across the Gulf Coast by 12Z Saturday and continue to advance inland
    through the day as low-level flow strengthens across the warm sector
    ahead of the surface low.

    ...Lower/Mid Mississippi Valley across the Southeast...
    A broad warm sector will be advancing inland across the Gulf Coast
    states Saturday morning as low-level flow strengthens ahead of the
    approaching trough. Initially, the warm sector will likely be mostly uncontaminated, but thunderstorm activity is expected to increase
    through the morning as the low-level jet strengthens. The timing and
    location of this morning convection will have a significant impact
    on the location and intensity of the severe weather threat on
    Saturday. Variance amongst forecast guidance unsurprisingly remains
    high given the very progressive mid-level pattern. Despite the
    uncertainty on specifics, a broad warm sector with mid 60s
    dewpoints, a negatively tilted trough, and a strengthening low-level
    jet will support the potential for a severe weather outbreak with
    multiple rounds of storms with all severe weather hazards possible.
    Given the timing/amplitude differences with the mid-level pattern,
    the highest threat corridor will likely shift in future outlooks.
    The GEFS is slightly slower than the operational GFS with the EPS
    slightly faster than the ECMWF suggesting a most likely solution
    somewhere in between.

    Within the enhanced risk corridor, forecast soundings show 45 to 50
    knots of effective shear and instability ranging from 1000 to 2000
    J/kg MLCAPE. This will support supercells with all severe weather
    hazards across much of the warm sector from northern Louisiana to
    western Alabama as early as late morning. The tornado threat remains
    more uncertain based on the final evolution of the mid-level trough.
    A slower trough ejection (such as is shown by the ECMWF) may cause
    more issues with destabilization and less favorable low-level
    hodographs as the low-level jet ramp up is delayed.

    The severe weather threat is expected to continue after dark from
    central Mississippi into western Alabama. Somewhere near central
    Alabama the convective intensity will likely start to wane as the
    mid-level trough starts to pull away and heights start to rise
    across the warm sector.

    ..Bentley.. 12/26/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 27 08:33:51 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 270833
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270833

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0233 AM CST Fri Dec 27 2024

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    SOUTHEAST STATES/CAROLINAS INTO VIRGINIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are possible across parts of the Southeast States on
    Sunday.

    ...Southeast States/Carolinas into Virginia...
    Global guidance variability persists regarding some of the important timing/spatial details of relevant mass-field features and
    instability, however an eastward-shifting upper-level trough will
    likely overspread the upper Ohio Valley and Appalachians on Sunday.
    A strong cyclonically curved wind field will overspread an
    increasingly moist boundary layer with lower/some middle 60s F
    surface dewpoints, potentially as far north as southern Virginia.

    00z-based guidance has trended to trend a bit stronger with diurnal destabilization and the northern extent thereof, although the
    potential for fairly extensive convection and cloud cover early in
    the day remains evident, complicating forecast details. Regardless,
    strong to locally severe storms early in the day may persist, with
    at least modest destabilization and additional storm development and intensification during the day from Georgia into the Carolinas and
    possibly Virginia. A mixed convective mode seems probable including
    linear bowing segments and some semi-discrete supercells capable of
    damaging winds and a tornado risk.

    ...Central Appalachians/Upper Ohio River Valley...
    In closer regional proximity to the primary mid-level vort max and
    surface low track, 50s F surface dewpoints of minimal buoyancy (a
    couple hundred J/kg MLCAPE or less) may be sufficient for a few
    strong to locally severe storms in presence of strong
    deep-layer/low-level shear, highlighted by 50-60 kt southwesterly
    winds in the lowest 2-3 km AGL.

    ..Guyer.. 12/27/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Dec 27 19:21:59 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 271920
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 271919

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0119 PM CST Fri Dec 27 2024

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST AND THE CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are possible across parts of the Southeast States on
    Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough over the MS Valley is forecast to continue to
    amplify as moves into the southeastern/eastern US Sunday. Strong
    mid-level flow ahead of the trough and a deepening surface low will
    overspread a moistening air mass from the Carolinas to the Atlantic
    Coast. Weak to moderate buoyancy and strong deep and low-level shear
    will support a risk for strong to severe storms capable of damaging
    gusts and a couple of tornadoes.

    ...Southeast...
    One or more broken bands of storms are expected to be ongoing early
    Sunday morning across parts of AL or western GA ahead of the cold
    front trailing the surface low through the OH Valley. As the upper
    trough progresses eastward, gradual reintensification of this
    convection is expected through the early afternoon as moderate
    height falls overspread lower to middle 60s F surface dewpoints into
    parts of the Southeast and the Carolinas.

    Additional storms are possible ahead of the primary band with some
    diurnal heating. However, lingering cloud cover and the rapid
    low-level temperature advection ahead of the low is expected to keep
    cloud cover relatively dense, limiting buoyancy (max of 500-1000
    J/kg of MLCAPE). This is especially so with northward extent where
    quite limited instability is likely into southern VA and the Mid
    Atlantic at the nose of the low-level moisture plume. Still,
    relatively moist surface conditions will allow for robust convection
    across the risk area with a mix of line segments and a few
    semi-discrete supercells given favorable deep-layer shear of 40-60
    kt. The strong mid and low-level flow will support a risk of
    damaging gusts and perhaps a couple of tornadoes with the stronger
    storms into the evening, before weakening buoyancy reduces the
    overall severe risk.

    ... Upper OH Valley...
    Beneath the primary mid-level cold core near the center of the
    surface low, differential temperature advection atop low 50s F
    dewpoints may steepen low/mid-level lapse rates sufficiently for
    marginal diurnal destabilization of a few hundred J/kg of MUCAPE.
    This may support a risk for a few damaging wind gusts or small hail
    with low-topped strong storms given 45-60 kt of low-level flow
    beneath the upper trough.

    ..Lyons.. 12/27/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 28 08:32:55 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 280831
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280831

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CST Sat Dec 28 2024

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm chances appear low on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    In the wake of the eastern U.S. upper trough which will exit the
    northeast U.S. during the day Monday, an upstream trough will
    amplify as it moves southeast into the central portion of the CONUS
    Monday and Monday night. In response, a surface low will develop and
    be located near the KS/MO border during the afternoon. Although
    southerly low-level flow will become re-established from the western
    Gulf of Mexico into the Ozarks as the low develops, richer
    boundary-layer moisture (surface dew points at or above mid 50s)
    will remain confined to coastal areas from southeast TX into
    southern Louisiana. Farther north, dew points generally in the 40s
    will be prevalent. As strong dynamic ascent with the upper trough
    interacts with the meager low-level moisture over the
    mid-Mississippi Valley, an isolated lightning strike cannot be ruled
    out within an area of developing precipitation. Overall coverage,
    however, is not expected to warrant an areal delineation (10 percent probability) for thunderstorms.

    Elsewhere over the CONUS, generally stable conditions should result
    in negligible chances for thunderstorms.

    ..Bunting.. 12/28/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Dec 28 19:09:32 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 281909
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 281908

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0108 PM CST Sat Dec 28 2024

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm chances appear low on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper trough will move across the Northeast and toward the
    Canadian Maritimes on Monday. Upstream, another shortwave upper
    trough will develop eastward from the central Plains to the Midwest.
    A dry and stable airmass will mostly be left in the wake of the
    Northeast upper trough, as a surface cold front will largely be
    offshore the Atlantic and Gulf coasts Monday morning. However,
    southerly low-level flow will increase across the western Gulf to
    the Ozarks as a surface low deepens over the central Plains in
    response to the digging upper low over that region. Nevertheless,
    richer boundary-layer moisture (60s F dewpoints) will remain
    confined to the western Gulf coast vicinity. More meager moisture
    (40s F dewpoints) will exist as far north as southern MO/IL. While a
    lightning flash or two is possible with developing precipitation
    during the evening/overnight, poor thermodynamics will preclude
    greater coverage of thunderstorms.

    ..Leitman.. 12/28/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Dec 29 08:14:14 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 290814
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290812

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0212 AM CST Sun Dec 29 2024

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A compact, negatively-tilted upper trough will lift northeast across
    the Ohio Valley and northeast U.S. Tuesday, as a developing coastal
    low near the Mid-Atlantic coast moves into southern New England by
    12z Wednesday. Strong ascent will overspread this area in advance of
    a cold front, and an isolated lightning strike or two will be
    possible within an area of developing precipitation during the
    afternoon from coastal NC across the Delmarva region. With very
    minimal MUCAPE expected, coverage should be too sparse for
    introduction of a general thunderstorm area.

    Elsewhere, thunderstorms chances will be negligible in the presence
    of a generally dry and stable air mass over much of the CONUS.

    ..Bunting.. 12/29/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Dec 29 19:04:45 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 291904
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 291903

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0103 PM CST Sun Dec 29 2024

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper shortwave trough will pivot east/northeast across the
    Midwest to the Northeast on Tuesday. A surface low will track in
    tandem with the upper trough/low, with an attendant cold front
    sweeping east across the MS/OH Valleys through evening. A dearth of boundary-layer moisture will preclude much instability, except for
    some modest dewpoints (mainly 40s to low 50s F) across the
    Mid-Atlantic and Carolina coasts. As ascent increases with the
    approach of the surface cold front and upper trough during the
    evening, a couple of lightning flashes will be possible from the
    upper OH Valley to the DelMarVa and coastal NC given very weak
    MUCAPE (less than 150 J/kg). Overall, thunderstorm potential is
    expected to remain very low, precluding a general thunderstorm
    delineation.

    ..Leitman.. 12/29/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 30 07:59:20 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 300759
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300758

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0158 AM CST Mon Dec 30 2024

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Broad cyclonic flow is expected to persist across the CONUS on
    Wednesday as one shortwave trough exits the Northeast and a series
    of low-amplitude shortwave troughs follow in its wake across the
    Plains. Surface ridging associated with a dry continental airmass is
    forecast across the central and eastern CONUS, precluding any
    thunderstorm potential. Dry and stable conditions are anticipated
    across the western CONUS as well.

    ..Mosier.. 12/30/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Dec 30 19:05:26 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 301905
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 301904

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0104 PM CST Mon Dec 30 2024

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...

    A broad area of west/northwesterly mid/upper flow will overspread
    much of the CONUS on Wednesday, with a more amplified upper trough
    beginning to develop late in the period over the West. At the
    surface, a deep surface low will lift northeast across the
    Northeast, with surface high pressure building in its wake over much
    of the U.S. Dry and stable conditions will preclude thunderstorm
    potential.

    ..Leitman.. 12/30/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Dec 31 07:50:53 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 310750
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 310749

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0149 AM CST Tue Dec 31 2024

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A shortwave trough is forecast to rotate through the central/eastern
    CONUS upper troughing on Thursday, progressing cyclonically from the
    central Plains through the Mid MS Valley into the Southeast States
    and southern Appalachians. Another, more northerly shortwave trough
    is expected to move across the Upper Midwest and Upper Great Lakes.
    Progression of these waves will help maintain upper troughing across
    the eastern CONUS into early Friday. Farther west, upper ridging
    will gradually shift across the western CONUS, ahead of a strong
    shortwave trough expected to approach the Pacific Northwest coast
    early Friday morning.

    At the surface, ridging associated with a dry continental airmass is
    expected to gradually shift eastward from the TN Valley/Southeast
    towards the Mid-Atlantic. Another surge of cold air is anticipated
    across the Plains, helping to reinforce the dry conditions from a
    preceding cold front. A weak low may develop along the TX coast,
    along a weak inverted trough, helping to preclude any inland
    moisture return. Dry and stable conditions across the CONUS will
    prevent thunderstorm development.

    ..Mosier.. 12/31/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Dec 31 19:25:08 2024
    ACUS03 KWNS 311925
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 311924

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0124 PM CST Tue Dec 31 2024

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A stable pattern will persist through Thursday, with an upper ridge
    along the West Coast and a broad region of cyclonic flow aloft to
    the east. That ridge will push eastward across the Great Basin
    through Friday morning, as a shortwave trough approaches the coastal
    Pacific Northwest. Meanwhile, an embedded wave is forecast to
    amplify toward the lower MS Valley/Southeast, with developing
    precipitation from LA into southern MS and AL.

    At the surface, high pressure will be in place over the Southeast,
    with east to northeast winds across the Gulf of Mexico. A secondary
    surge of polar air will spread south across the MO/MS Valleys late,
    pushing the moist air mass just off the TX Coast even farther south.

    While a few thunderstorms may occur over the western Gulf waters,
    activity over land is unlikely. Minimal elevated instability may
    develop into the lower Sabine Valley and into southern LA, but the
    overall probability of rogue flashes appears to be less than 10%
    within the larger-scale precipitation shield atop the surface stable
    layer.

    ..Jewell.. 12/31/2024

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jan 1 07:21:50 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 010721
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010720

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0120 AM CST Wed Jan 01 2025

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Friday.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    The upper pattern early Friday morning will likely be characterized
    by western CONUS ridging and central/eastern CONUS troughing. A pair
    of phased shortwave troughs are forecast to move through the eastern
    CONUS troughing and off the Mid-Atlantic Coast. Mid-level flow will
    strengthen in the wake of these waves, coincident with another
    shortwave trough dropping from the northern Plains into the Mid MS
    Valley.

    The western CONUS ridging will continue gradually shifting eastward,
    ahead of a progressive shortwave trough forecast to move into the
    Pacific Northwest. By early Saturday, the upper ridging is expected
    to extend across the entire High Plains and into Alberta and
    Saskatchewan, with the shortwave trough extending from northwest
    WA/southwest British Columbia through the western Great Basin.

    At the surface, a cold and dry airmass is expected to remain in
    place east of the Rockies, with associated high pressure
    contributing to mostly offshore low-level flow. The only exception
    is across the TX Coast, where some more easterly flow may exist
    along the northern periphery of a low over the western Gulf. Some
    lower 60s dewpoints may advect into south TX, but warm mid-level
    temperatures should still preclude deep convection and any
    lightning.

    ..Mosier.. 01/01/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jan 1 19:27:15 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 011926
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 011925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0125 PM CST Wed Jan 01 2025

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Little if any thunderstorms are expected on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low will deepen over southern Quebec as an upper trough
    amplifies across the eastern CONUS. Heights will rise along the
    central Gulf Coast south of a strong upper jet, with a cold front
    pushing south across the western Gulf of Mexico. A strong surface
    ridge will extend from SK/MB southward across the Plains and into
    the Southeast, maintaining stable conditions. Potential
    thunderstorms off the LA Coast are expected to wane during the day.

    To the west, a progressive, amplified shortwave trough will move
    east across the northwestern states, with a surface low weakening
    late off the WA/OR Coasts. A few low-topped thunderstorms are most
    likely over the Pacific Ocean, but a low-probability flash or two
    cannot be ruled out over far western WA and OR as the rapid cooling
    aloft occurs.

    ..Jewell.. 01/01/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jan 2 07:56:50 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 020756
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020755

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0155 AM CST Thu Jan 02 2025

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible Sunday morning from far
    northwest Texas across central Oklahoma into southeast Kansas.

    ...Synopsis...
    A shortwave trough is forecast to progress quickly eastward across
    the Great Basin and central Rockies on Saturday, likely reaching the central/southern Plains by early Sunday morning. Cold mid-level
    temperatures will accompany this shortwave, with strong mid-level
    flow persisting throughout its southern periphery as well. Surface
    cyclogenesis is expected across eastern NM and the TX Panhandle
    ahead of this wave, with the resulting surface low then progressing
    into central OK by early Sunday.

    Strengthening southerly low-level flow will precede this shortwave
    as well, with notable low-level moisture advection anticipated
    within the warm sector over central/east TX and the Lower MS Valley.
    Even with this increasing low-level moisture, overall buoyancy will
    be mitigated by warm mid-level temperatures, keeping much any
    convection within the warm sector shallow. The only exception will
    be early Sunday morning from far northwest TX across central OK into
    southeast KS. Here, cooling mid-level temperatures atop moistening
    low to mid-levels will support some elevated convection deep enough
    to produce lightning.

    ..Mosier.. 01/02/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jan 2 19:27:23 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 021926
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 021925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0125 PM CST Thu Jan 02 2025

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible Sunday morning from far
    northwest Texas across central Oklahoma into southeast Kansas.

    ...Synopsis...
    As the upper trough over the Northeast slowly lifts/weakens, a
    potent shortwave trough will move rapidly from the Great Basin
    Saturday morning and across the central Plains into early Sunday.
    High pressure will remain entrenched from the northern Plains into
    the Southeast, but low pressure will develop over the southern High
    Plains late in the day, moving into OK by 12Z Sunday.

    Increasing southerly winds in the low levels will bring a plume of
    50s F dewpoints northward across TX and toward the low over OK
    Sunday morning. At that time, a warm front will generally extend
    from the low southeastward into central MS.

    Several hundred J/kg of MUCAPE may eventually develop, most likely
    from OK toward the ArkLaTex. Although moistening, the boundary layer
    may remain capped over most areas, with the highest probability of
    elevated thunderstorms near the low and north of the warm front.
    Given the small window in time and space for uncapped surface-based
    parcel potential, the presence of strong shear should be moot, and
    severe storms are not expected.

    ..Jewell.. 01/02/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jan 3 08:24:30 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 030824
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030823

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 AM CST Fri Jan 03 2025

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SABINE RIVER VALLEY INTO THE LOWER TO MID MISSISSIPPI VALLEYS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will be possible Sunday afternoon and evening
    from the Sabine River Valley into the lower to mid Mississippi
    Valley. Severe gusts and a few tornadoes are expected to be the
    primary threats.

    ...Sabine River Valley/Lower to Mid Mississippi Valley...
    A mid-level trough will move through the southern Plains on Sunday,
    as an associated speed max moves into the Ozarks. At the surface, a
    low is forecast to move into the mid Mississippi Valley as a cold
    front advances eastward through the Ark-La-Tex and Sabine River
    Valley. An axis of maximized low-level moisture is forecast ahead of
    the front. Surface dewpoints are forecast to reach the 60s F from
    approximately the Mississippi-Tennessee state line southward. Weak destabilization will occur along and near the moist axis during the
    day. This combined with increasing low-level convergence will result
    in thunderstorm development during the late morning and early
    afternoon. In spite of weak instability, large-scale ascent will be
    focused, and deep-layer shear will be strong. This environment
    should be favorable for a severe threat starting around midday and
    persisting into the evening. Some model solutions suggest a linear
    MCS will develop. In that case, severe wind gusts would be possible
    along and just ahead of the stronger parts of the line. A few
    tornadoes could also occur with rotating cell elements within the
    line.

    ..Broyles.. 01/03/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jan 3 19:30:34 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 031930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 031929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0129 PM CST Fri Jan 03 2025

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EAST TEXAS TO MISSISSIPPI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms will be possible Sunday afternoon and evening
    from the Sabine River Valley into the lower to mid Mississippi
    Valley. Severe gusts and a few tornadoes are expected to be the
    primary threats.

    ...Synopsis...
    A gradually deepening upper low, progged to reside initially in the
    OK/TX Panhandle area, is expected to move steadily eastward --
    roughly along the Oklahoma/Kansas border -- through the day, and
    then across the Ozarks region overnight. At the surface, a low
    initially over the central Oklahoma vicinity is likewise forecast to
    advance steadily eastward, reaching the Tennessee Valley area by
    06/12Z (Monday morning). A trailing cold front should reside just
    west of the Mississippi Valley during the afternoon, and an eastern
    Tennessee to eastern Alabama to north-central Gulf of Mexico line by
    the end of the period. Widespread convection is expected near and
    ahead of the front, with a diurnal maximum expected.

    ...East Texas eastward to Mississippi...
    Continued southerly low-level flow ahead of the advancing surface
    low is expected to gradually displace the cool/stable boundary
    layer, to yield a weakly/slowly destabilizing warm sector through
    late morning/afternoon, from east Texas to the Lower Mississippi
    Valley. A sharpening west-to-east warm front -- pushing northward
    across southern Arkansas and eventually into the Tennessee Valley
    area -- will provide a relatively abrupt northern boundary to the
    evolving convective event.

    As the cold front advances and the warm sector modestly
    destabilizes, thunderstorms are forecast to develop near -- and
    perhaps just ahead of -- the cold front around midday, from western
    Arkansas across the Arklatex region into East Texas. Though limited instability should temper updraft intensity to a degree, very strong
    shear (flow substantially veering and increasing in magnitude with
    height) will support evolution of vigorous/rotating updrafts. Hail
    should remain a more minor concern, but as a semi-continuous line of
    storms evolves, including embedded and potentially a few leading
    supercells, damaging wind gusts and a few tornadoes continue to
    appear likely. While risk may become maximized from northern and
    central Louisiana eastward across the Delta region to southwestern
    Mississippi mid to late afternoon, will refrain from any upgrade in
    the current outlook level at this time.

    The convection will continue into the overnight hours, crossing the
    Lower Mississippi Valley into the central Gulf Coast states.
    However, diminishing instability should result in a similar, gradual
    decline in overall severe potential overnight. Still, locally
    damaging gusts and a tornado or two will likely remain possible
    overnight.

    ..Goss.. 01/03/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jan 4 08:23:39 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 040823
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040822

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 AM CST Sat Jan 04 2025

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with isolated severe gusts will be possible
    on Monday from northern Florida into southern and eastern Georgia.

    ...Southeast...
    A large-scale mid-level trough and an associated cold front, is
    forecast to move quickly eastward through the Southeast on Monday.
    Ahead of the front, surface dewpoints are forecast to be in the 60s
    F across parts of northern Florida and southern Georgia. As surface temperatures warm Monday morning within the moist airmass, enough
    instability is expected for isolated thunderstorm development. A few
    of these storms could produce a wind-damage threat, with the
    greatest threat along the leading edge of the faster-moving short
    line segments. However, model forecasts suggest that the stronger
    forcing associated with the mid-level trough will pass to the north
    of moist sector, and that low-level convergence will remain
    relatively weak along the front. These factors should keep any
    severe threat localized.

    ..Broyles.. 01/04/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jan 4 19:30:14 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 041930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 041929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0129 PM CST Sat Jan 04 2025

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    SOUTHERN GEORGIA/NORTHERN FLORIDA VICINITY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Local severe risk will be possible on Monday from northern Florida
    into southern and eastern Georgia.

    ...Synopsis...
    A weakening mid-level low, expected to reside near the
    Mid-Mississippi Valley early Monday, will shift quickly eastward,
    moving off the Mid-Atlantic Coast through latter stages of the
    period (Tuesday morning). Meanwhile at the surface, an associated
    cold front is forecast to sweep across the Southeast, clearing the
    coastal Carolinas/Georgia by sunset, and then moving south/east of
    Florida 12Z Tuesday.

    ...Parts of southern Georgia and northern Florida...
    Showers and a few thunderstorms are forecast to be ongoing along the
    cold front at the start of the period, from the southern
    Appalachians vicinity south-southwestward across the Florida
    Panhandle and into the Gulf of Mexico. Meager instability is
    forecast ahead of the front, and with stronger large-scale forcing
    for ascent well to the north of the region, these factors suggest
    limited storm organization/intensity. Still, with a favorably
    sheared environment across the region, a few stronger
    storms/segments are expected. This suggests low-probability
    potential for a couple of stronger gusts -- or even a brief tornado.
    As such, will maintain MRGL/5% risk across the southern
    Georgia/northern Florida vicinity.

    ..Goss.. 01/04/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jan 5 07:54:48 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 050754
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050753

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0153 AM CST Sun Jan 05 2025

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No thunderstorms are forecast on Tuesday or Tuesday night across the continental U.S.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A mid-level low is forecast to close off over the Desert Southwest
    on Tuesday, as a large-scale mid-level trough moves southeastward
    through the Great Lakes and Upper Midwest. At the surface, a large
    high pressure area with cold and dry conditions will dominate much
    of the continental U.S. This will be unfavorable for thunderstorm
    development Tuesday and Tuesday night.

    ..Broyles.. 01/05/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jan 5 19:29:51 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 051929
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 051928

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0128 PM CST Sun Jan 05 2025

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected Tuesday or Tuesday night
    across the continental U.S.

    ...Discussion...
    In the wake of a strong cold front, over the western Atlantic and
    southern Gulf of Mexico Tuesday morning, cold/Arctic high pressure
    will continue expanding, to encompass much of the CONUS.

    In the Southwest, a mid-level short-wave trough -- on the western
    fringe of broad cyclonic flow covering most of the U.S. -- will
    gradually cut off from the main belt of flow and shift southward
    across the Lower Colorado River Valley toward/into northwestern
    Mexico.

    Beneath the cold pool associated with the evolving low, steep
    mid-level lapse rates will contribute to meager CAPE, and possibly a
    couple of lightning strikes with scattered convection evolving
    overnight across central and southern Arizona.

    Elsewhere, thunderstorms are not expected through the period.

    ..Goss.. 01/05/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jan 6 08:01:37 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 060801
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060800

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 AM CST Mon Jan 06 2025

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the continental United States
    Wednesday or Wednesday night.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A zonal mid-level flow pattern will be in place across the
    southeastern part of the continental U.S. on Wednesday as an
    upper-level trough progresses southeastward across the central
    states. At the surface, cold and dry high pressure will be in place
    over much of the nation, making conditions unfavorable for
    thunderstorms Wednesday and Wednesday night.

    ..Broyles.. 01/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jan 6 19:07:59 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 061907
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 061907

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0107 PM CST Mon Jan 06 2025

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Very isolated thunderstorms are possible across parts of the
    Trans-Pecos to central Texas on Wednesday night.

    ...TX...
    An initially closed mid/upper low should gradually evolve back into
    an open, positive-tilt trough by early Thursday as it slowly slides
    across the southern Gulf of CA and northwest Mexico. Warm-moist
    advection at 700 mb should yield scant buoyancy with mixed-phase
    states in elevated parcels amid steep mid-level lapse rates. Most of
    this may be atop a sub-freezing surface layer, yielding scattered
    elevated convection producing mixed precip. While most guidance
    indicates thunder potential is minimal, the synoptic pattern in
    conjunction with 12Z NAM soundings suggest thunder probabilities are
    around 10 percent. This appears to be centered from the Trans-Pecos
    across the Edwards Plateau to central TX on Wednesday night.

    ..Grams.. 01/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jan 7 08:16:35 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 070816
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070815

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0215 AM CST Tue Jan 07 2025

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms may develop from Thursday into Thursday night
    from parts of central Texas to the Texas Coastal Plain and into far
    southwest Louisiana, but no severe threat is expected.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    At mid-levels, a positively tilted trough will move through the
    central and southwestern U.S. on Thursday, as southwest flow remains
    over much of the south-central and southeastern U.S. Ahead of the
    system across parts of the southern Plains, warm advection will take
    place in the mid-levels, with a very cold airmass at the lower
    levels. Forecast soundings Thursday morning suggest that MUCAPE
    could be in the 100 to 200 J/kg range in parts of Texas from the
    Hill Country to the Coastal Plain. This could be enough for isolated thunderstorm development. During the afternoon and evening, the
    chance for storms could increase some as a low to mid-level jet
    strengthens. The greatest chance for storms could be along the
    middle Texas coast overnight where a moist airmass is forecast to
    impinge upon the coast. Instability is expected to be too limited
    for a severe threat.

    ..Broyles.. 01/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jan 7 18:45:11 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 071844
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 071843

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1243 PM CST Tue Jan 07 2025

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated, non-severe thunderstorms are possible across parts of the
    western Gulf Coast States on Thursday into Thursday night.

    ...TX/LA...
    A northern-stream shortwave impulse should phase with the closed
    mid/upper low in the Gulf of CA vicinity, yielding a longwave trough
    from south-central Canada to northwest Mexico by Thursday night.
    Downstream low-level warm-moist advection will yield increasingly
    widespread precipitation across the south-central states on Thursday
    as a weak surface cyclone becomes established off the western Gulf
    Coast. Despite ample precipitation coverage, thunder potential
    appears slim. Very isolated thunder from parcels rooted near 700 mb
    may linger Thursday morning in the central TX vicinity. Thereafter,
    scant elevated buoyancy should become confined to the coastal plain,
    initially across Deep South TX and then shifting north-northeast
    through the rest of the period. Relatively warm upper-level
    temperatures in conjunction with weakening mid-level lapse rates may
    preclude charge separation inland. Some thunder potential is
    expected near the coast, with greater coverage over the adjacent
    offshore waters.

    ..Grams.. 01/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jan 8 08:14:36 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 080814
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080813

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0213 AM CST Wed Jan 08 2025

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms may develop across parts of the Southeast on
    Friday, but no severe threat is expected.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    At mid-levels, southwesterly flow is forecast to be maintained over
    much of the Southeast on Friday, as a trough moves through the
    southern and central Plains. At the surface, a cold front is
    forecast to move eastward into the Southeast on Friday, as a surface
    low progresses eastward near the coast from Louisiana to the Florida
    Panhandle. Isolated thunderstorms will be possible near the front
    and in the vicinity of the surface low during the day on Friday. The
    potential for isolated storms should move eastward toward the
    southern Atlantic Seaboard Friday evening. Instability is forecast
    to be insufficient for a severe threat.

    ..Broyles.. 01/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jan 8 18:34:46 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 081834
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 081833

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1233 PM CST Wed Jan 08 2025

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not forecast through Friday night.

    ...Central to eastern Gulf Coast...
    Thunder potential appears quite limited on Friday as poor to weak
    mid-level lapse rates persist downstream of a positive-tilt longwave
    trough. Buoyancy inland appears negligible, but meager MUCAPE over
    the north-central Gulf may be sufficient for a thin, low-topped
    convective line to shift east through the day from coastal southeast
    LA through the FL Panhandle. Surface dew points may reach the mid
    60s near the mouth of the MS River, and into the low 60s elsewhere
    along the coast near the cyclone track. This could be adequate for
    strong gusts mixing to the surface given fast flow aloft. Will
    maintain a thunder area to highlight this potential despite the
    expectation of minimal prospects for charge separation.

    ..Grams.. 01/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jan 9 08:09:25 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 090808
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090807

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0207 AM CST Thu Jan 09 2025

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the continental U.S. on
    Saturday and Saturday night.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    On Saturday at mid-levels, a trough will move eastward to the
    Atlantic Seaboard as another trough moves through the Four Corners
    region. At the surface, a large area of high pressure will remain
    over the Southeast, as another strong cold front moves southward
    through the central states. A relatively cold and dry airmass will
    remain over much of the continental U.S., making conditions
    unfavorable for thunderstorms Saturday and Saturday night.

    ..Broyles.. 01/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jan 9 18:30:52 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 091830
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 091830

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1230 PM CST Thu Jan 09 2025

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Saturday or Saturday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    Conditions will be too dry/stable for lightning-producing convection
    across the CONUS through the period.

    ..Grams.. 01/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jan 10 07:42:32 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 100742
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100741

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0141 AM CST Fri Jan 10 2025

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...

    Broad upper troughing will envelop much of the CONUS on Sunday. At
    the surface, a low will move across the Upper Midwest and Great
    Lakes. A trailing cold front attendant to this low will sweep
    east-southeast across the Mid and Lower MS Valleys. A secondary
    surface low is expected over the southern Gulf of Mexico, keeping
    richer moisture offshore the western/central Gulf coasts. As a
    result, a continued dry and stable airmass will persist ahead of the aforementioned cold front, and any thunderstorm activity is expected
    to remain offshore the TX/LA coasts.

    Elsewhere across the CONUS, a cold and dry/stable airmass will
    preclude thunderstorm activity.

    ..Leitman.. 01/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jan 10 18:56:12 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 101855
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 101855

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1255 PM CST Fri Jan 10 2025

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated, non-severe thunderstorms are possible near coastal
    southeast Louisiana during the early morning Monday.

    ...Coastal LA...
    A drifting mid-level impulse over northern Mexico will finally eject east-northeast into the northwest Gulf Coast vicinity as an upper
    trough amplifies in the West. While this impulse should dampen, it
    will support weak cyclogenesis and renewed low-level warm-moist
    advection across the northwest Gulf towards the north-central Gulf
    Coast. Guidance indicates a surge of rich moisture with 60s surface
    dew points should approach coastal LA by Sunday night as a
    pronounced baroclinic zone becomes established. Mid-level lapse
    rates should not be as poor as on D1, but still weak enough to yield
    only scant elevated buoyancy near the coast. Scattered thunderstorms
    are expected in the offshore waters overnight. The northern extent
    of this activity may brush far southeast LA by early morning Monday.

    ..Grams.. 01/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jan 11 07:37:39 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 110737
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110736

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0136 AM CST Sat Jan 11 2025

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated non-severe thunderstorms are possible near the Florida
    Panhandle and Big Bend coastal vicinity on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...

    A few thunderstorms may be ongoing near the mouth of the MS River
    southward into the central Gulf of Mexico Monday morning. This
    activity will be aided by a warm advection regime ahead of an
    east/southeast developing surface low and cold front amid moderate
    mid/upper level southwesterly flow. Midlevel lapse rates and
    temperatures will remain modest, but sufficient to support meager
    elevated instability. Most thunderstorm activity will remain
    offshore, but a few thunderstorms may approach the Florida Panhandle
    or Big Bend coastal vicinity during the afternoon. Severe storms are
    not expected.

    ..Leitman.. 01/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jan 11 19:12:13 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 111912
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 111911

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0111 PM CST Sat Jan 11 2025

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for thunderstorms appears likely to remain negligible
    across much of the U.S. Monday through Monday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that a more prominent, blocking mid-level ridge may
    continue to build offshore of the U.S. Pacific coast into the
    Pacific Northwest during this period. As this occurs, it appears
    that a digging downstream short wave perturbation (within a branch
    of cyclonic flow initially across California into the Southwest)
    will contribute to the evolution of a closed low offshore of the
    southern California/northern Baja coast by 12Z Tuesday. Farther
    downstream, another cyclonic circulation (initially digging across
    the Minnesota international border vicinity) is forecast to continue southeastward across the upper Great Lakes vicinity, as one short
    wave perturbation digs around its western through southern periphery
    and weaker impulse pivots to its east and northeast.

    With larger-scale mid-level ridging centered over the Caribbean also
    forecast to remain prominent, a generally confluent mid-level regime
    is likely to be maintained to the east of the Rockies. Models
    suggest that this will continue to support the development of
    expansive cold surface ridging, with the leading edge of one
    reinforcing cold intrusion expected to overspread much of the
    northern Gulf of Mexico Monday through Monday night. Within a
    remnant plume of preceding low-level moisture return off a modifying
    Gulf boundary-layer, it appears that low-level forcing for ascent
    associated with warm advection may maintain convective development
    into Monday. However, this probably will tend to weaken/diminish
    while spreading across the northeastern Gulf, toward the Florida
    Gulf coast through Monday night.

    ..Kerr.. 01/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jan 12 07:37:17 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 120737
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120736

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0136 AM CST Sun Jan 12 2025

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...

    Strong surface high pressure will prevail across much of the CONUS
    on Tuesday. Meanwhile, a cold front will develop southward, deep
    into the Gulf of Mexico. As a result, a dry and stable
    boundary-layer will remain in place, precluding thunderstorm
    activity.

    ..Leitman.. 01/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jan 12 18:27:29 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 121826
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 121825

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1225 PM CST Sun Jan 12 2025

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for thunderstorms appears negligible across the U.S.
    Tuesday through Tuesday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that a blocking mid-level ridge will be maintained
    near the U.S. Pacific coast, and perhaps build a bit farther inland
    across the northern Great Basin during this period. To its south, a
    low is forecast to continue evolving, within mid-level troughing
    becoming increasingly detached from the mid-latitude westerlies.
    Although the NAM suggests that there may still be one modest
    embedded mid-level cold core (including 500 mb temperatures around
    -24 to -26 C) centered over interior southern California at 12Z
    Tuesday, a dry low-level environment appears likely to preclude any
    appreciable boundary-layer destabilization until it shifts well
    offshore of the coast late Tuesday into Tuesday night.

    Downstream of this regime, across the Rockies through the Atlantic
    Seaboard, it appears that a series of digging short wave
    perturbations will begin to suppress initially prominent ridging
    centered over the Caribbean. As one lead impulse digs southeast of
    the Upper Midwest, across and east-southeast of the northern Mid
    Atlantic, cold surface ridging to the lee of the Rockies is forecast
    to continue building across the remainder of the southern Atlantic
    Seaboard and southeastern Gulf of Mexico. This will reinforce
    already entrenched dry and/or stable conditions.

    ..Kerr.. 01/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jan 13 07:17:55 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 130717
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130716

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0116 AM CST Mon Jan 13 2025

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper trough will deepen and shift east across much of the
    eastern half of the CONUS on Wednesday. However, strong surface high
    pressure centered over the Mid-South to the Southeast, and across
    the Rockies, will maintain a dry/stable continental airmass.
    Thunderstorms are not expected.

    ..Leitman.. 01/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jan 13 19:05:29 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 131905
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 131904

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0104 PM CST Mon Jan 13 2025

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Minimal to no lightning is expected across the U.S. on Wednesday.

    ...Discussion...
    A positively tilted upper trough affecting much of the U.S. will
    shift southeastward across the eastern half of the U.S. on
    Wednesday. This will result in persistence of cold continental air
    across much of the country.

    Given the dry/stable conditions prevailing, thunderstorm development
    will be precluded across most of the country. One exception may be
    over Deep South Texas, where scattered, elevated showers may occur,
    in the vicinity of a weak surface low just offshore. A lightning
    flash or two may occur inland with this convection, but coverage
    appears likely to remain low, thus not warranting inclusion of a 10%
    coverage area at this time.

    ..Goss.. 01/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jan 14 07:22:34 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 140722
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140721

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0121 AM CST Tue Jan 14 2025

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...

    Upper ridging will overspread the central portion of the CONUS on
    Thursday. Meanwhile, an upper shortwave trough will begin to dig
    across the Pacific Northwest toward the end of the period while an
    upper low offshore the southern CA and Baja coast becomes an open
    wave and shifts east toward the lower CO River Valley. Strong
    surface high pressure over the Southeast will preclude northward
    transport of Gulf moisture as low-level trajectories remain oriented
    offshore. A dry and stable airmass will preclude thunderstorm
    potential.

    ..Leitman.. 01/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jan 14 19:17:15 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 141917
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 141916

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0116 PM CST Tue Jan 14 2025

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Discussion...
    An upper trough will shift steadily across the eastern half of the
    U.S. Thursday, while the next feature -- an energetic short-wave
    trough digging southeastward out of western Canada -- reaches the
    northern Intermountain Region/northern Plains late.

    As this feature advances, a deepening surface cyclone is forecast to
    shift eastward across the Canadian Prairie Provinces, while a
    trailing Arctic cold front progresses southward across the northern Rockies/northern Plains Thursday night.

    Meanwhile, with cold/dry low-level air already in place across the
    U.S., thunderstorms are not anticipated.

    ..Goss.. 01/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jan 15 07:47:17 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 150747
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150746

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0146 AM CST Wed Jan 15 2025

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential appears low on Friday. However,
    isolated general thunderstorms are possible during the evening and
    overnight hours from east Texas into the Lower Mississippi Valley.

    ...East TX to the Lower MS Valley...

    An upper shortwave trough will move across the southern Plains and
    Lower Mississippi Valley on Friday. Strong mid/upper southwesterly
    flow will overspread the region ahead of the trough. Surface
    cyclogenesis is forecast to remain weak with this system. However a
    modest low or surface trough, in tandem with a strong cold front,
    will track across OK/TX to the Lower MS Valley during the
    evening/overnight hours. Ahead of the front, southerly low-level
    flow will allow for modifying Gulf moisture to return northward.
    However, low 60s F dewpoints are expected to remain fairly close to
    the coast from southeast TX into LA. 50s F dewpoints may reach as
    far north as southern AR and central MS. Thermodynamic profiles
    indicate a cool boundary layer, leading to a capped low-level
    environment. Nevertheless, steepening midlevel lapse rates will
    support modest elevated instability. While vertical shear will be
    quite strong, poor thermodynamics will likely preclude much in the
    way of severe thunderstorm potential, though isolated general
    thunderstorms will be possible during the evening and overnight
    hours.

    ..Leitman.. 01/15/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jan 15 19:19:24 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 151919
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 151918

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0118 PM CST Wed Jan 15 2025

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible during the evening and overnight
    hours across the Lower Mississippi and Tennessee Valleys and central
    Gulf Coast region Friday night and early Saturday morning.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough extending from a low moving into/across western
    Ontario, will continue advancing southeastward across the Plains.
    This trough will begin to partially phase with a second trough
    shifting east across the Desert Southwest toward the southern
    Plains.

    In tandem with the Canadian upper low, a deep surface cyclone is
    forecast to cross Ontario, reaching the James Bay vicinity
    overnight. A strong/trailing surface cold front will advance across
    central portions of the U.S., reaching a position from the Upper
    Great Lakes south-southwestward to the Lower Mississippi Valley
    Saturday morning.

    ...Lower Mississippi/Tennessee Valleys to the Florida Panhandle...
    As a cold front shifts southeastward toward/into the Lower
    Mississippi and Tennessee Valleys late in the period, low-level
    theta-e advection atop a cool/stable boundary layer will lead to
    modest elevated destabilization. This will likely be sufficient to
    permit evolution of isolated thunderstorms, within a
    broader/developing area of convection. At this time, with the
    stable boundary layer precluding appreciable surface-based storm
    potential, and modest CAPE above, it appears that storms will remain weak/disorganized, and thus sub-severe, despite an otherwise
    favorable kinematic environment.

    ..Goss.. 01/15/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jan 16 07:51:57 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 160751
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160750

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0150 AM CST Thu Jan 16 2025

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are expected across portions of the Southeast on
    Saturday. Severe thunderstorm potential is forecast to remain low.

    ...Southeast...

    A shortwave upper trough will quickly shift east/northeast across
    the Southeast on Saturday ahead of a deepening larger-scale trough
    extending from Ontario to the southern Rockies. Strong deep-layer
    southwesterly flow will overspread the Southeast, while southerly
    low-level flow maintains modest boundary-layer moisture ahead of an
    eastward advancing cold front. Gulf moisture is not expected to make
    it too far inland, with far southern AL/GA the northern extent of
    low 60s F dewpoints. Poor low-level lapse rates and relatively cool temperatures will preclude surface-based instability. However,
    modest midlevel lapse rates will support generally less than 500
    J/kg MLCAPE. Poor thermodynamics will limit severe potential.
    However, the cold front may provide enough forcing in conjunction
    with moderate to strong vertical shear such that a few storms could
    produce gusty winds Saturday morning and afternoon.

    ..Leitman.. 01/16/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jan 16 19:19:30 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 161919
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 161918

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0118 PM CST Thu Jan 16 2025

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are expected across portions of the Southeast on
    Saturday. Severe thunderstorm potential is forecast to remain low.

    ...Synopsis...
    Broad cyclonic upper-level flow regime -- surrounding a cyclone
    settling slowly southward over Hudson's Bay -- will continue to
    encompass nearly all of North America Saturday. As this occurs, a
    surface low should continue to occlude over northern Quebec, while a
    trailing cold front sweeps eastward across the eastern third of the
    CONUS. By the end of the period, the front should be shifting off
    the New England coast, already off the Middle and Southern Atlantic
    Coasts, and moving southward across the Florida Peninsula.

    ...Portions of the Southeast...
    As the front crosses the Southeast, showers -- and a few
    thunderstorms, will continue in the preceding, weakly unstable
    airmass. The forecast weak lapse rates/lack of appreciable
    instability, and weakly stable near-surface layer, suggests little
    if any risk for strong/severe storms.

    ..Goss.. 01/16/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jan 17 08:32:12 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 170832
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170831

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CST Fri Jan 17 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A low chance of weak thunderstorms may exist over parts of the
    Florida Peninsula on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A large and expansive upper trough will exist over much of Canada
    and the United States on Sunday, with high pressure at the surface.
    Minimal instability may exist over parts of FL as a cold front
    rapidly pushes southward during the day, with perhaps a few weak
    thunderstorms developing atop the boundary. Otherwise, thunderstorms
    are unlikely across the remainder of the CONUS.

    ..Jewell.. 01/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jan 17 19:10:08 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 171910
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 171908

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0108 PM CST Fri Jan 17 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A low chance of weak thunderstorms may exist over the central
    Florida Peninsula on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A large upper-level trough will dominate the pattern across the
    CONUS on Sunday. A continental polar airmass will be in place across
    the majority of the CONUS which will limit thunderstorm potential.
    The only exception will be the Florida Peninsula where some moisture
    will remain ahead of a southward moving cold front. A few
    thunderstorms may be ongoing at the beginning of the period and
    persist through the morning, but forcing will shift well north of
    the area by the afternoon which will likely bring an end to any
    thunderstorm potential.

    ..Bentley.. 01/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jan 18 05:20:50 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 180520
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180518

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1118 PM CST Fri Jan 17 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected Monday into early Tuesday morning.

    ...Synopsis...
    A large-scale, mid-upper trough will dominate the CONUS, especially
    from the Rockies eastward. An associated arctic air mass will have
    enveloped the majority of the CONUS by Monday, including the
    southeast Atlantic and Gulf coasts. Thus, moisture/buoyancy will be
    negligible inland, with no appreciable threat for deep
    convection/lightning.

    ..Thompson.. 01/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jan 18 18:58:45 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 181858
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 181857

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1257 PM CST Sat Jan 18 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected Monday or Monday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    Conditions will be too dry/stable for potential lightning-producing
    convection across the CONUS through the period.

    ..Grams.. 01/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jan 19 06:54:20 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 190654
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190653

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1253 AM CST Sun Jan 19 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not forecast on Tuesday.

    On Tuesday, a large upper trough will extend from the upper Great
    Lakes into the Southwest, and will progress eastward into the
    Northeast. Meanwhile, another backside speed max will dive southward
    across the Rockies, while a ridge remains along the West Coast.

    At the surface, substantial high pressure will be in place from the
    Great Basin to the East Coast, with dry offshore winds along the
    Gulf Coast. This high will shift east through the period, but
    another centroid is forecast over the Intermountain West.

    There is a low chance of weak elevated instability developing into
    Wed morning over southern FL, in association with the aforementioned
    initial upper trough. While some thunderstorms may affect parts of
    the Gulf of Mexico, poor lapse rates aloft will likely limit even
    weak thunderstorm potential over land.

    ..Jewell.. 01/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jan 19 19:05:52 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 191905
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 191904

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0104 PM CST Sun Jan 19 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not forecast on Tuesday or Tuesday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    Thunderstorm potential largely appears negligible across the CONUS
    through Tuesday night. An exception could be along the Gulf Coast.
    Shallow and highly elevated convection, predominately producing
    sleet at the surface, should be ongoing at 12Z Tuesday along the
    northwest Gulf Coast. Mid-level lapse rates will be progressively
    weaker with eastern extent downstream, suggesting that lightning
    production will likely be nonexistent along the north-central to
    eastern Gulf Coast. Primary deep convective potential should be
    confined from the west-central to southeast Gulf through the period.

    ..Grams.. 01/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jan 20 06:54:58 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 200654
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200654

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1254 AM CST Mon Jan 20 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not forecast on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An elongated upper trough will exit the East Coast early in the day,
    as another positive-tilt trough moves into the central CONUS. This
    trough will extend roughly from the upper Great Lakes into the
    southern Plains. Meanwhile, an upper ridge will exist along the West
    Coast, with additional disturbances diving south into the northern
    Rockies.

    At the surface, a stable air mass in terms of convection will exist
    due to high pressure. A weak surface low may form from the FL
    Straits toward the Bahamas, avoiding the FL Peninsula where the air
    mass will remain stable. As such, little to no lightning activity is
    forecast across the USA on Wednesday due to the stable air mass over
    land.

    ..Jewell.. 01/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jan 20 18:44:03 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 201843
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 201842

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1242 PM CST Mon Jan 20 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected through Wednesday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    Conditions will be too dry/stable for potential lightning-producing
    convection across the CONUS through the period.

    ..Grams.. 01/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jan 21 07:18:38 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 210718
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210717

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0117 AM CST Tue Jan 21 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not forecast on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A cool and stable pattern will persist on Thursday across the CONUS
    with an expansive upper trough over much of the central states and
    into the Great Lakes. This trough may amplify as it becomes more
    progressive and moves into the MS Valley by 12Z Friday. A strongly
    cyclonic speed max will exist along the northern Gulf Coast, with
    cooling aloft to the north.

    At the surface, another installment of high pressure will push into
    the Gulf of Mexico, with further drying. Any appreciable low-level
    moisture will remain east of the FL Peninsula, and as such,
    thunderstorms are not forecast.

    ..Jewell.. 01/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jan 21 18:49:39 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 211849
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 211848

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1248 PM CST Tue Jan 21 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not forecast on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A large mid/upper-level trough will persist from the south-central
    Great Plains into the eastern CONUS on Thursday, as multiple
    embedded shortwaves move southeastward through the larger-scale
    trough. Generally dry and stable conditions in the wake of a
    significant cold intrusion should continue to limit thunderstorm
    potential through the period.

    ..Dean.. 01/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jan 22 07:27:37 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 220727
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220725

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0125 AM CST Wed Jan 22 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not forecast for Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Friday, an upper trough will extend from the Great Lakes
    southwestward into TX, with strong southwest flow aloft from across
    the Southeast. This trough will be progressive and move off the East
    Coast by early Saturday, allowing for rising heights/warming aloft
    across much of the CONUS. Meanwhile, another upper trough will
    develop southward into parts of the northwestern states.

    At the surface, substantial cool and/or dry air will remain from the
    Four Corners states eastward to the Atlantic Coast, with offshore
    winds over the Gulf of Mexico. Elsewhere, while cooling aloft will
    occur overnight over the northwest USA, little to no instability is
    forecast due to cold surface conditions.

    ..Jewell.. 01/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jan 22 19:10:19 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 221910
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 221909

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0109 PM CST Wed Jan 22 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not forecast for Friday.

    ...Synopsis...

    Expansive surface high pressure and cold temperatures are forecast
    across much of the CONUS. Continental trajectories will remain
    offshore, resulting in a dearth of boundary layer moisture and
    instability. As a result, thunderstorms are not expected through
    early Saturday morning.

    ..Leitman.. 01/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jan 23 06:28:55 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 230628
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230627

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1227 AM CST Thu Jan 23 2025

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not forecast for Saturday.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Saturday, an upper trough over the West will become detached from
    the larger-scale upper trough over Canada, with an upper low moving
    south into central CA by Sunday morning. To the east, mostly
    westerly flow aloft will exist across much of the central and
    eastern, with a surface high over the Southeast.

    Southerly surface winds will bring moisture northward toward the TX
    Coast overnight, with elevated instability developing as far east as
    LA. Scattered thunderstorms will likely develop late over eastern TX
    and toward the Sabine Valley within the warm advection regime.
    Low-level shear near this warm frontal zone will likely remain
    ineffective as far as severe weather potential given the relatively
    poor lapse rates. However, deepening moisture through 700 mb will
    likely lead to general thunderstorms in those areas.

    ..Jewell.. 01/23/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jan 23 19:13:29 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 231913
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 231912

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0112 PM CST Thu Jan 23 2025

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are not forecast for Saturday.

    ...Synopsis...

    Upper ridging will build over the southern/central Rockies and
    adjacent Plains as an upper trough continues to deepen across the
    Pacific Coast vicinity. As this occurs, a surface low will move
    across northern Mexico. Resulting south/southeasterly low-level flow
    across the western Gulf will transport moisture northward across
    portions of southern and southeastern TX. Within this warm advection
    regime, weak elevated instability is expected to develop due to cool temperatures aloft and steepening midlevel lapse rates. This should
    be sufficient for isolated thunderstorms Saturday night/early Sunday
    across southeast TX and portions of the Middle and Upper TX Coasts.
    Severe thunderstorm potential appears low at this time given a lack
    of surface-based instability.

    ..Leitman.. 01/23/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jan 24 08:26:03 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 240825
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240825

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CST Fri Jan 24 2025

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms will be possible from Sunday
    into Sunday night from the Texas Coastal Plain into the lower
    Mississippi Valley, but no severe threat is expected.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    Westerly mid-level flow will be in place across the southeastern
    U.S. on Sunday. At the surface, a cold front is forecast to move to
    the western Gulf Coast. Ahead of the front, a moist airmass will
    remain mostly offshore, but surface dewpoints could reach the lower
    60s F from the Texas coast into far southwest Louisiana.
    Thunderstorms could develop during the day near the front across
    parts of the Texas Coastal Plain northeastward into the lower
    Mississippi Valley. Instability is forecast to remain weak, and a
    severe threat is not expected to develop.

    ..Broyles.. 01/24/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jan 24 19:11:08 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 241911
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 241909

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0109 PM CST Fri Jan 24 2025

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms will be possible from Sunday
    into Sunday night from the Texas Coastal Plain into the lower
    Mississippi Valley, but no severe threat is expected.

    ...TX Coast to Lower MS Valley...

    A surface cold front is forecast to be located near the Texas Coast
    Sunday morning. This front will shift east over the western Gulf
    vicinity, becoming oriented from southwest AL into the
    western-central Gulf by Monday morning. Ahead of the front, modest
    moisture will return northward across southern LA/MS/AL, with low
    60s F dewpoints remaining confined to the immediate coast. Weak
    elevated instability will be supported by steep midlevel lapse
    rates, though surface-based instability will be mitigated by poor
    lapse rates/cool boundary-layer temperatures. Modest ascent
    associated with the front and a weak shortwave impulse aloft may
    support isolated thunderstorms across portions of the TX coast to
    the Lower MS Valley. Severe thunderstorms are not expected.

    ..Leitman.. 01/24/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jan 25 08:25:42 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 250825
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250824

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CST Sat Jan 25 2025

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible on Monday from southern
    Louisiana into far southeast Texas, and in southern California, but
    no severe threat is expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    At the surface, a cold front is forecast to move through the lower
    Mississippi Valley on Monday. Isolated thunderstorms will be
    possible during the morning near the front, mainly across southern
    Louisiana. Additional thunderstorms could develop near the coast of
    southern California on Monday, as a mid-level low moves from near
    the California coast into the Desert Southwest. Instability in
    southern Louisiana and southern California is forecast to be very
    weak, with no severe threat expected.

    ..Broyles.. 01/25/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Jan 25 19:21:28 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 251921
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 251920

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0120 PM CST Sat Jan 25 2025

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible on Monday from southern
    Louisiana into far southeast Texas, and in southern California, but
    no severe threat is expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will traverse the East Coast while an upper-low
    drifts across the Southwest on Monday. A surface cold front will
    move off of LA to FL Panhandle coastline during the first half of
    the period. Enough lift and moisture ahead of the front may support
    an isolated thunderstorm before the front moves offshore. A couple
    of thunderstorms also cannot be ruled out over southern CA, where
    cold air aloft associated with an upper-low may result in enough
    buoyancy (albeit scant) to support low-topped thunderstorms.

    ..Squitieri.. 01/25/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jan 26 08:04:51 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 260804
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260803

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0203 AM CST Sun Jan 26 2025

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No thunderstorms are forecast over the continental U.S. on Tuesday
    or Tuesday night.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A mid-level ridge is forecast over the southern Plains on Tuesday,
    as an upper-level low moves southward across the Desert Southwest.
    Mid-level flow will become more southwesterly over western parts of
    the southern Plains, as low-level moisture advection occurs across
    the southern part of Texas. Although showers could develop late in
    the period near the northern edge of the stronger flow over
    northeast Texas and southeastern Oklahoma, instability should be too
    weak to support thunderstorm development. Elsewhere across the
    continental U.S., thunderstorms are not expected Tuesday and Tuesday
    night.

    ..Broyles.. 01/26/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Jan 26 19:22:26 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 261922
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 261921

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0121 PM CST Sun Jan 26 2025

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The potential for thunderstorms across the CONUS remains low
    Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    The primary upper-level features of interest for Tuesday will be the
    shortwave ridge over the southern Plains and a slowly eastward
    progressing upper low in the Southwest. Models continue to show
    positional variability with regard to the upper low with the
    ECMWF/GFS being slightly slower than the NAM. Subsidence/capping
    should keep any potential for thunderstorms very low across the
    southern Plains through much of Tuesday night. As the upper low
    moves east, surface low development in northern Mexico/West Texas
    will begin to draw Gulf of Mexico moisture north and westward.
    Moistening at 850 mb will be greater than near the surface, however.
    Towards Wednesday morning, some elevated CAPE will be present from
    Central into East Texas. Given remnant influences from the
    upper-level ridging and nebulous forcing, capping will likely
    prohibit thunderstorm development.

    ..Wendt.. 01/26/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jan 27 08:30:02 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 270829
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270828

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CST Mon Jan 27 2025

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms, associated with isolated large hail and severe gusts,
    will be possible across parts of the southern Plains from late
    Wednesday afternoon through early Thursday morning.

    ...Southern Plains...
    At mid-levels, a low will move eastward across the Desert Southwest
    on Wednesday, as flow strengthens from the southwest over the
    southern Plains. Moisture advection will take place during the day
    across much of central and east Texas, in association with a 30 to
    40 knot low-level jet. By late afternoon, surface dewpoints could
    reach the 60s F in parts of the southern Texas Hill Country
    extending eastward into east Texas. The models suggest that
    scattered thunderstorms will first develop during the late afternoon
    and early evening across parts of central and north Texas, along the
    northern edge of the moist sector. At that time, forecast soundings
    in north Texas have a sharp temperature inversion at the low-levels
    with weak instability located above the inversion. These storms will
    be elevated, and any severe threat with this activity should be
    marginal. A gradual increase in convective coverage is expected over
    the southern Plains as the mid-level system approaches from the
    west.

    During the evening, a 60 to 80 knot mid-level jet is forecast to
    move through west Texas. In association with the jet, large-scale
    ascent and deep-layer shear are forecast to markedly increase. This
    will likely lead to more vigorous convective development over
    western parts of the Texas Hill Country during the mid to late
    evening. Forecast soundings near Fredericksburg, Texas at 06Z have
    MUCAPE increasing to around 1000 J/kg with effective shear near 50
    knots, and 700-500 mb lapse rates approaching 7.5 C/km. This should
    support supercell development with isolated large hail. Some of the
    storms could become surface-based late Wednesday night, with a
    threat for isolated severe gusts. The severe threat may persist
    through daybreak Thursday morning as an MCS organizes and the system
    approaches the southern Plains.

    ..Broyles.. 01/27/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Jan 27 19:29:37 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 271929
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 271928

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0128 PM CST Mon Jan 27 2025

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WEDNESDAY AND
    WEDNESDAY NIGHT OVER PARTS OF CENTRAL TEXAS....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms, associated with isolated large hail and severe gusts,
    will be possible across parts of the southern Plains from late
    Wednesday afternoon through early Thursday morning.

    An upper low currently over southern CA will track eastward and be
    positioned over the Four-Corners region by Wednesday. Meanwhile,
    strong southwesterly flow aloft will overspread much of TX. A
    deepening surface low over west TX and northern Mexico will
    strengthen southerly low-level winds and help draw a moist and
    marginally unstable air mass northward into much of central/east TX.
    This will result in increasing potential for showers and
    thunderstorms by Wednesday night.

    Forecast soundings across this region show favorable deep layer and
    low-level shear for convective organization, but lapse rates and
    overall instability will be limited. Most 12z model guidance
    suggests thunderstorms will grow in coverage through the afternoon
    and evening, with potential MCS development. Locally damaging wind
    gusts and perhaps a tornado or two are the main concerns as this
    activity tracks across parts of central TX.

    ..Hart.. 01/27/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jan 28 08:28:10 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 280828
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280827

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CST Tue Jan 28 2025

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM EASTERN TEXAS
    INTO WESTERN MISSISSIPPI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong/isolated severe storms will be possible Thursday from eastern
    Texas eastward across the Lower Mississippi Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low initially forecast to lie over the central/southern
    High Plains area will shift eastward across Kansas/Oklahoma
    Thursday, and across the Ozarks Thursday night. As this occurs, a
    weak surface low is forecast to evolve/shift north-northeastward out
    of northeastern Texas into Arkansas during the first half of the
    period, and then on northeastward to Illinois overnight. A trailing
    front will shift eastward out of eastern Texas into
    Arkansas/Louisiana with time, and then across the Lower Mississippi
    Valley to the Lower Ohio and Tennessee Valleys and central Gulf
    Coast states through the end of the period.

    ...East Texas to Mississippi...
    As the surface low shifts north-northeastward with time, and a cold
    front begins to advance eastward, persistent southerly low-level
    flow will advect partially modified Gulf air northward into
    southeastern Texas and Louisiana. Though lapse rates will remain
    weak, low-level moistening should be sufficient to allow very
    weak/tall/skinny surface-based CAPE to develop ahead of the
    advancing front.

    Elevated convection should be ongoing at the start of the period,
    moving out of the Hill Country and into East Texas. As the
    low-level moistening gradually allows storms to become
    surface-based, potential for damaging winds and a couple of
    tornadoes will increase through the afternoon, likely maximizing
    during the early evening hours and expanding into/across Louisiana.
    Despite the weak CAPE which should hinder the overall risk, very
    favorable low-level and deep-layer shear will characterize the warm
    sector, with southerlies increasing and veering substantially with
    height through the lower half of the troposphere. The main storm
    mode is expected to be rotating storms embedded within linear bands,
    spreading eastward across the Lower Mississippi Valley through the
    evening before weakening overnight

    ..Goss.. 01/28/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Jan 28 19:21:26 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 281920
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 281919

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0119 PM CST Tue Jan 28 2025

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTHEAST
    TEXAS INTO PARTS OF LOUISIANA AND FAR SOUTHWEST MS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong/isolated severe storms will be possible Thursday from eastern
    Texas eastward across the Lower Mississippi Valley.

    ...East TX to the Lower MS Valley...

    Convection will be ongoing Thursday morning in a low-level warm
    advection regime ahead of an approaching upper low/trough and
    attendant surface front. Southerly low-level flow will allow Gulf
    moisture to advance northward ahead of the surface front from east
    TX into MS. Low to mid 60s F dewpoints will largely remain
    near/south of the I-20 corridor, with better quality dewpoints
    remaining closer to the coast. The corridor of relatively higher
    dewpoints will also become increasingly narrow/pinched off with
    north and east extent after 00z. Furthermore, forecast soundings
    show lackluster midlevel lapse rates with eastward extent. This
    should result in a fairly confined area of elevated instability
    sufficient to support organized convection amid strong vertical
    shear. As such, severe potential is expected to quickly decrease
    with eastward extent during the nighttime hours.

    Nevertheless, strong storms are expected to persist along the eastward-advancing surface front through the day across east TX. By
    late afternoon into early evening, a low-level jet will increase as
    convection encounters a somewhat more moist boundary layer across
    LA. This may result in a brief increase in severe potential across
    portions of LA and adjacent MS when a period of favorable shear
    overlaps with better instability/quality dew points. Convection will
    likely remain elevated regardless, but strong to severe gusts are
    possible, in addition to a few instances of hail. While poor
    low-level lapse rates and limited surface-based instability will
    temper the tornado risk, low-level hodographs will become enlarged
    and curved with the increasing low-level jet around 00z. If
    low-level thermodynamics evolve more favorably than forecast
    guidance suggests, a tornado or two may be possible.

    ..Leitman.. 01/28/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jan 29 08:30:20 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 290830
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290829

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CST Wed Jan 29 2025

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE CENTRAL GULF COAST REGION...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple of strong/potentially severe storms may occur over parts of
    the central/eastern Gulf Coast region Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A closed low over the Missouri vicinity at the start of the period
    (Friday morning) is expected to devolve into an open wave that will
    move quickly eastward across the eastern U.S., and into the western
    Atlantic overnight.

    At the surface, a low initially over the Illinois/Indiana vicinity
    will move eastward across the lower Great Lakes region through the
    day, before redeveloping eastward near the New England Coast/coastal
    Canadian Maritime Provinces.

    A trailing cold front will move across the Appalachians and central
    Gulf Coast states through Friday afternoon, to the East Coast area
    during the evening, and then offshore into the western Atlantic
    before midnight. By the end of the period, the weakening/trailing
    portion of the front should be moving southward across the Florida
    Peninsula.

    ...Central Gulf Coast region...
    Showers and a few thunderstorms -- ongoing at the start of the
    period -- should accompany the advance of the cold front across the southeastern states Friday. Very weak instability at best is
    forecast, which should greatly hinder severe potential. Still, with strong/veering flow with height, a stronger storm or two may evolve, particularly from late morning into early afternoon. Strong/gusty
    winds that may approach severe levels, or even a brief tornado or
    two, cannot be ruled out before storms weaken/shift east of the area
    by early evening.

    ..Goss.. 01/29/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Jan 29 19:25:53 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 291925
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 291924

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0124 PM CST Wed Jan 29 2025

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE CENTRAL GULF COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple of strong/potentially severe storms may occur over parts of
    the central/eastern Gulf Coast region Friday.

    ...Central Gulf Coast Vicinity...

    A positively tilted upper trough will move from the MS Valley
    vicinity to just offshore the Atlantic coast on Friday. Strong
    southwesterly deep-layer flow ahead of this system will overspread
    much of the eastern CONUS. At the surface, southerly low-level winds
    ahead of an eastward-advancing cold front will spread low/mid 60s F
    dewpoints northward across southern AL/GA and parts of FL, with 50s
    dewpoints extending northeast into the coastal Carolinas/southeast
    VA.

    Showers and thunderstorms are likely to be ongoing just ahead of the
    cold front Friday morning from the Ohio/TN Valley to the central
    Gulf coast. A narrow corridor of higher surface dewpoints and modest
    elevated instability will be in place downstream from this early
    activity across southern AL/southwest GA and the FL Panhandle.
    Isolated strong thunderstorms, mainly capable of 40-60 mph wind
    gusts, will be possible within this zone of overlapping strong
    vertical shear and weak elevated instability during the afternoon.
    Overall severe potential should remain limited due to poor low-level
    lapse rates/thermodynamics, and will diminish quickly with north and
    east extent.

    ..Leitman.. 01/29/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jan 30 08:21:31 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 300820
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300819

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0219 AM CST Thu Jan 30 2025

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm potential across the United States appears low on
    Saturday.

    ...Discussion...
    As an upper short-wave trough shifts out of the eastern U.S. early
    Saturday, flow aloft will trend toward a low-amplitude, weakly
    cyclonic configuration in a broad sense, through Sunday morning.

    At the surface, frontolysis will occur over Florida as the remnant
    baroclinic zone dissipates, while high pressure prevails across the
    eastern states in its wake. In the West, a cold front will advance southeastward across the northern Intermountain Region later in the
    day and overnight, ahead of an upper system forecast to linger near
    coastal southwestern Canada.

    Showers, and possibly a couple of lightning flashes, will be
    possible across parts of the Pacific Northwest and northern
    Intermountain region in response to the aforementioned cold frontal
    advance, and associated upper system. Elsewhere, a shower or two --
    and possibly a lightning flash -- may occur over coastal portions of
    eastern Florida near the decaying front. Overall however, lightning
    potential remains too low CONUS-wide to warrant inclusion of a 10%
    thunder area.

    ..Goss.. 01/30/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Jan 30 19:07:02 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 301906
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 301906

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0106 PM CST Thu Jan 30 2025

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm potential across the United States appears low on
    Saturday.

    ...Synopsis...

    A low-amplitude, mostly zonal upper flow regime will emerge across
    the CONUS on Saturday. A baroclinic zone will weaken, while a
    surface front dissipates over the western Atlantic and FL Peninsula.
    A few showers are possible over the FL Peninsula, especially near
    the east coast as this occurs, but thunderstorm activity should be
    limited due to poor thermodynamics, and weakening ascent and
    vertical shear.

    Moist, onshore flow will stream over the Pacific Northwest and
    northern Rockies as a surface cold front develops east across the
    region. Showers/low-topped convection with a couple of lightning
    flashes may occur near coastal WA/OR into the northern Rockies given
    cold midlevel temperatures and steep lapse rates. However, coverage
    is expected to be less than 10 percent.

    ..Leitman.. 01/30/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jan 31 08:24:06 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 310824
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 310823

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 AM CST Fri Jan 31 2025

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm activity is forecast to be minimal at best across the
    U.S. on Sunday.

    ...Discussion...
    The large-scale pattern will remain largely unchanged on Sunday,
    with zonal flow aloft to remain in place. Disturbances in the flow
    field -- largely across the northern U.S. and southern Canada --
    will continue advancing eastward through the period.

    A weak surface low is progged to lie near the Manitoba/North Dakota
    border early Sunday, associated with the aforementioned short-wave
    energy embedded in the fast westerlies aloft. This low is expected
    to deepen with time, as it shifts across Ontario, allowing continued
    southward advance of a cold front across the Intermountain West, and
    the Plains. With a reinforcing advance of Arctic air spreading
    southward behind the front, and high pressure prevailing south of
    the boundary, little risk for thunderstorms is evident through the
    period.

    ..Goss.. 01/31/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Jan 31 18:58:10 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 311858
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 311857

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1257 PM CST Fri Jan 31 2025

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm activity is forecast to be minimal across the U.S. on
    Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...

    A low-amplitude westerly upper flow regime will persist across the
    CONUS on Sunday. Surface low pressure over the central Plains will
    result in some modest baroclinicity across the southern Plains. The
    resulting southerly low-level flow will transport modest Gulf
    moisture northward across TX, but deeper moisture will remain
    confined to the coast. Further north, a cold front will develop
    south across the northern Intermountain region and northern Plains.
    Cold Arctic air and strong surface high pressure will build south in
    the wake of the front. Given poor boundary-layer moisture and little upper-level support, thunderstorm potential appears low.

    ..Leitman.. 01/31/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 1 08:28:13 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 010828
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010827

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CST Sat Feb 01 2025

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the U.S. on Monday.

    ...Discussion...
    Low-amplitude flow aloft is expected to prevail across the U.S.
    Monday, with the zonal regime trending weakly toward a western
    trough/central ridge/eastern trough configuration through the
    period.

    At the surface, a weak frontal wave along the slowly sagging
    baroclinic zone should shift out of the Plains across the Midwest
    through the day, and then across New England overnight. In the wake
    of this wave, the surface front will continue shifting
    southeastward/southward across the central and eastern states. By
    late in the period, the front should stretch from coastal New
    England southwestward to the Mid-Atlantic region, and then
    west-southwestward across the Tennessee and Lower Mississippi
    Valleys into Texas.

    While very weak low-level theta-e advection is expected ahead of the southward-moving front, moisture return should be quite insufficient
    to support appreciable destabilization. Meanwhile, with Arctic air
    spreading southward behind the front, a thermodynamic environment
    insufficient to support deep moist convection is forecast to persist
    across the U.S. through the period.

    ..Goss.. 02/01/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 1 19:03:48 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 011903
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 011902

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0102 PM CST Sat Feb 01 2025

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the U.S. on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mostly zonal flow regime will exist during the day on Monday, with
    some gradual height falls occurring late across the West and over
    the Northeast. A large area of high pressure over the Southeast will
    prevent appreciable destabilization over land, although
    limited/shallow moisture return will occur over TX with southerly
    surface winds.

    Elsewhere, a midlevel moist plume will result in precipitation
    across northern and central CA, but poor lapse rates will likely
    limit even elevated convective potential.

    ..Jewell.. 02/01/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 2 08:06:51 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 020806
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020805

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0205 AM CST Sun Feb 02 2025

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm potential appears low overall on Tuesday.

    ...Discussion...
    Little change in the overall upper pattern over the U.S. is forecast
    Tuesday, with low-amplitude westerly flow forecast to prevail, while
    the upper low off the northwestern U.S. coast lingers in place. A
    subtle short-wave trough embedded in the mid-level westerly flow is
    progged to cross California and the Great Basin/Desert Southwest
    with time, reaching the central High Plains late.

    At the surface, a cold front will remain draped from west to east
    from the southern Plains to the Carolinas. A few showers may occur
    near and north of this front -- and farther west in the vicinity of
    the track of the aforementioned upper system. While a few lightning
    strikes may occur within the broader area of showers, coverage
    appears likely to remain too low to warrant inclusion of a 10%
    thunder area at this time.

    ..Goss.. 02/02/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 2 19:18:23 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 021918
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 021917

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0117 PM CST Sun Feb 02 2025

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm potential appears low overall on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Tuesday, a broad region of height falls will occur across the
    West, with a southern-stream wave moving across the Four Corners
    states and a strong shortwave trough approaching the Pacific
    Northwest late. Meanwhile, the southern periphery of an eastern
    Canada trough will remain over the Northeast.

    At the surface, high pressure will stretch from the northern Rockies
    into the Great Lakes and Midwest, with a stalled front roughly from
    Ok into TN. South of this front, southerly winds will maintain low
    to mid 60s F dewpoints over eastern TX and into LA and southern AR.
    This air mass will remain capped with little to no instability
    present.

    Otherwise, while a plume of midlevel moisture will result in
    substantial precipitation from parts of central CA into ID, little
    if any elevated instability is forecast.

    ..Jewell.. 02/02/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Feb 3 08:32:41 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 030831
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030830

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CST Mon Feb 03 2025

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe weather is not expected across the U.S. Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Low-amplitude flow aloft is forecast to persist across the U.S.
    Wednesday, while a short-wave trough initially over the Colorado
    vicinity progresses east-northeastward into/across the Midwest/Ohio
    Valley area.

    At the surface, a very weak surface wave -- along the persistent
    west-to-east baroclinic zone extending eastward from the southern
    Plains across the Tennessee Valley area -- is forecast to move
    eastward along the boundary with time. Some minor northward wobble
    of the boundary may occur ahead of the low, but little overall
    frontal progression is expected through the period.

    ...Midwest/Ohio Valley/central Appalachians...
    As the aforementioned, weak surface wave moves east-northeastward,
    ahead of the associated upper disturbance, low-level southerly flow
    across the eastern U.S. will result in isentropic ascent of higher
    theta-e air atop the persistent surface baroclinic zone. As DPVA
    spreads eastward, the increase in quasigeostropic ascent combined
    with weak/elevated destabilization will result in development of
    showers and scattered thunderstorms. Most of the convection is
    expected to evolve during the second half of the period, spreading
    into the central Appalachians overnight.

    At this time, it appears that weak lapse rates will offset the
    increase in low-level theta-e advection, resulting in only minimal
    elevated CAPE atop the strongly stable boundary layer. Though shear
    will be plenty sufficient to otherwise support organized storms, the
    lack likelihood for any surface-based risk, and insufficient
    elevated instability to support large hail, suggests that severe
    risk will be minimal through the period.

    ..Goss.. 02/03/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 4 08:34:07 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 040834
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040833

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0233 AM CST Tue Feb 04 2025

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe weather is not expected across the U.S. on Thursday.

    ...Discussion...
    Largely zonal/westerly flow will continue across much of the U.S.
    once again Thursday, on the large scale. An embedded short-wave
    trough moving into/across the central Appalachians vicinity will
    continue moving quickly east-northeastward, moving across New
    England and into the Canadian Maritimes overnight. As this occurs,
    the surface frontal wave moving along the entrenched east-to-west
    baroclinic zone will move off the Mid-Atlantic Coast, deepening
    through the end of the period. Meanwhile, the trailing surface
    front will remain aligned roughly east-to-west, from the
    Mid-Atlantic region to the southern Plains. Showers and a few
    thunderstorms will likely be ongoing at the start of the period
    across the Mid-Atlantic region, but will move offshore through the
    day.

    Farther west, the next short-wave feature aloft, embedded in the
    westerlies, will move across the Desert Southwest/Four Corners
    states. Scattered showers will accompany the progression of this
    feature, while isolated showers and a few thunderstorms will also
    occur farther east, across the Tennessee Valley later in the period,
    in the broad zone of weak warm advection persisting across this
    region. In all areas, convection should remain weak/disorganized.

    ..Goss.. 02/04/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 4 19:11:11 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 041911
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 041910

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0110 PM CST Tue Feb 04 2025

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe weather is not expected across the U.S. on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A low-amplitude wave will quickly move out of the upper OH Valley
    and weaken as it moves into the Northeast. Behind this feature, a
    strong shortwave trough will move eastward across the Great Lakes.
    To the west, a trough will drop south toward CA then move across the
    Great Basin and into the central Rockies by Saturday morning.

    At the surface, high pressure will remain over the Southeast, but a
    low-level moist plume will remain ahead of a cold front from KY into
    WV. Western parts of this front will stall as low pressure quickly
    moves from OH across southern New England.

    Rain and primarily elevated thunderstorms are expected from the OH
    valley eastward toward the Mid Atlantic, as westerly flow brings
    midlevel moisture eastward. However, drying will occur rapidly
    behind the shortwave trough.

    ..Jewell.. 02/04/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 5 08:28:14 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 050828
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050827

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CST Wed Feb 05 2025

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunder potential appears minimal across the U.S. on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Quasi-zonal flow aloft will continue across the U.S. in a broad
    sense on Friday. A short-wave trough initially over the
    northwestern U.S. will move quickly eastward within the background
    westerly flow field, weakening with time as it crosses the northern
    Rockies and reaches the northern Plains late.

    Surface mass response associated with this system, in the form of a
    weak surface low, is forecast to shift eastward across the
    Intermountain West and into the Plains, settling over the Nebraska
    vicinity late.

    Meanwhile, the main surface baroclinic zone will remain draped
    west-to-east from Oklahoma to the Southeast. Any lingering/sporadic
    lightning ongoing early over the Carolina Coast near this front
    should move quickly offshore. Afterward, though isolated showers
    may evolve during the afternoon near the front over the Southeast,
    and other/isolated showers should accompany passage of the western
    U.S. trough across the Rockies, any potential for lightning appears
    too low at this time to highlight with a 10% thunder area.

    ..Goss.. 02/05/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 5 19:09:05 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 051908
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 051907

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0107 PM CST Wed Feb 05 2025

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for thunderstorms appears negligible across the U.S.,
    Friday through Friday night.

    ...Discussion...
    General, broad mid/upper ridging centered over the subtropical
    latitudes is likely to be maintained, and a prominent influence
    across the southern into central tier of the U.S. through this
    period, downstream of persistent ridging in the northern
    mid-latitudes, and troughing in the southern mid- to subtropic
    latitudes, of the eastern Pacific. To the east of the Pacific
    ridging, broad mean troughing, with more progressive embedded
    smaller scale perturbations, will linger across British Columbia and
    the Pacific Northwest, while developing eastward across the Canadian
    Prairies, northern U.S. Rockies and Great Plains. This is likely to
    support deepening surface troughing, and perhaps cyclogenesis, to
    the lee of the Rockies. However, there remains substantive spread
    concerning this, as models continue to struggle with their varying
    ability to account for the seasonably cold air now entrenched to the
    east of the Rockies.

    Some erosion, from south to north, of the shallow leading edge of
    this air mass is possible, beneath a continuing southerly to
    westerly return flow across parts of the southern Great Plains into
    southern Mid Atlantic. However, it appears that associated moisture
    emanating from a modifying western Gulf boundary layer will not
    become supportive of more than weak destabilization, or an
    appreciable risk for thunderstorms, due to negligible forcing for
    ascent and warm, capping layers aloft.

    Models do indicate that forcing for ascent and cooling mid-levels
    may contribute to pockets of weak destabilization across parts of
    the Northwest into northern Great Plains. However, based on latest
    forecast soundings, it remains unclear whether associated
    boundary-layer based and/or elevated convective development will
    become capable of producing more than very transient/isolated
    lightning.

    ..Kerr.. 02/05/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 6 08:55:54 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 060855
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060854

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0254 AM CST Thu Feb 06 2025

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm potential will remain low across the U.S. on Saturday.

    ...Discussion...
    The quasi-zonal flow field aloft which has prevailed recently will
    remain in place across most of the U.S. on Saturday. A couple of
    low-amplitude short-wave troughs will progress through the
    westerlies -- a lead feature initially over the northern and central
    Plains, and a second over the Pacific Northwest.

    The lead feature will permit a weak frontal wave -- initially over
    the Oklahoma/Missouri vicinity -- to shift eastward along the
    surface front with time, crossing the Ozarks and Ohio Valley region
    through the day, and then off the Mid-Atlantic Coast overnight.

    Potential for thunder appears low across the U.S. through the
    period. A lightning flash or two could occur over the Pacific
    Northwest vicinity early, as the upper trough crosses the area. A
    few showers are expected across the central Appalachians vicinity,
    in a zone of warm advection ahead of the approaching surface low,
    but lack of instability should preclude lightning. Elsewhere, aside
    from a few showers and possibly a lightning flash near/off the
    Carolina Coast, and likewise across the South Florida/Keys vicinity, thunderstorms are not expected.

    ..Goss.. 02/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 6 19:22:56 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 061922
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 061921

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0121 PM CST Thu Feb 06 2025

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Aside from low probabilities for scattered thunderstorm development
    across parts of the Ohio Valley, the risk for thunderstorms appears
    negligible across much of the U.S., Saturday through Saturday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate that mid-level flow will begin to undergo
    amplification across the northern mid-latitudes of the eastern
    Pacific into western North America, including building mid-level
    ridging across the northeastern Pacific through Alaska and digging
    downstream troughing east of the Canadian Rockies. Otherwise, it
    appears that there will be little change across much of the
    contiguous U.S., with ridging centered over the subtropical
    latitudes maintaining an influence across much of the southern into
    central tier states. Within a broadly confluent, zonal regime
    across the northern tier, a couple of embedded short wave
    perturbations may consolidate into larger-scale, but still
    low-amplitude, troughing progressing across the Great Lakes vicinity
    into Northeast by late Saturday night.

    It appears that the evolving mid-level trough may provide support
    for increasingly significant surface cyclogenesis offshore of the
    northern Mid Atlantic coast by the end of the period. This is
    likely to be focused along a tightening baroclinic zone, near the
    eroding southern periphery of a seasonably cold air mass entrenched
    to the east of the Rockies. Initially stalled across parts of the
    southern Great Plains into Ohio Valley and southern Mid Atlantic,
    the surface frontal zone is forecast to advance southward into the
    Gulf Coast states Saturday through Saturday night, in the wake of
    the wave.

    ...Lower Ohio Valley...
    Model differences concerning the frontal wave development, and
    potential boundary-layer destabilization, along the eroding shallow
    southern periphery of the cold air across the interior U.S. remains
    problematic concerning convective potential. Strengthening of lower/mid-tropospheric wind fields and shear near the frontal wave
    is likely to become conditionally supportive of severe weather
    potential, given sufficient destabilization. However, regardless of
    the boundary-layer modification (and the NAM may be too aggressive
    with the lingering shallow sharp surface-based inversion across
    Kentucky, east-northeast of Bowling Green into the Blue Grass by
    late Saturday afternoon), there does appear a general consensus that
    relatively warm, dry air at mid-levels may tend to suppress
    destabilization. At least some convection, perhaps mostly elevated
    near and north of the Ohio River, may become capable of producing
    lightning. But the risk for severe weather still appears negligible
    at this time.

    ..Kerr.. 02/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 7 08:12:59 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 070812
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070811

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0211 AM CST Fri Feb 07 2025

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not anticipated across the CONUS on Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Upper-level flow to begin the period will remain quasi-zonal. A
    strong upper-level shortwave trough will exit the
    Mid-Atlantic/southern New England Coast. In the wake of this trough,
    surface high pressure and cold air will progress southward to near
    the Gulf Coast. Strong westerly upper-level winds will persist from
    the Divide into Mid-Atlantic/southern New England. By Monday
    morning, the initial stages of upper-level flow amplification in the
    West will occur as a southern stream shortwave trough moves into the
    Baja region.

    With the surface cold front pushing farther south, warm/moist air
    will become farther removed from what will generally remain
    weak/nebulous upper-level forcing. A weak signal for elevated
    instability within a zone of weak low-level warm advection and
    upper-level divergence exists in the ArkLaTex/southeast Oklahoma
    vicinity. Lightning coverage would be well below 10% should any
    occur. Elsewhere, stable conditions should preclude thunderstorm
    development.

    ..Wendt.. 02/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 7 19:04:35 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 071904
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 071903

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0103 PM CST Fri Feb 07 2025

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for thunderstorms appears negligible across the U.S.,
    Sunday through Sunday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Models indicate further amplification to the mid/upper flow across
    the northern mid-latitudes of the eastern Pacific into western North
    America, including the evolution of an increasingly prominent
    mid-level high within building ridging, near the Gulf of Alaska.
    Downstream, mid-level troughing may dig through British Columbia and
    the Pacific Northwest, and, in lower latitudes, also progress
    eastward toward Baja, but little change is forecast to the confluent
    westerlies across the interior U.S. into offshore western Atlantic
    through this period. Broad mid/upper ridging, centered over the
    subtropical latitudes of northern Mexico into the southwestern
    Atlantic, is likely to maintain considerable influence as far north
    as the central Great Plains through the southern Mid Atlantic.

    The shallow southern periphery of a cold intrusion to the lee of the
    Rockies is forecast to stall across the Gulf coastal plain,
    undercutting a continuing anticyclonic return flow emanating from
    the Gulf Basin. It appears that associated low-level moisture will
    continue to contribute to weak potential instability, both south of
    and above the cold surface-based air. However, forecast soundings
    indicate that this will remain generally capped by warm, dry layers
    aloft, beneath the mid/upper ridging.

    ..Kerr.. 02/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 8 08:19:36 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 080819
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080818

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 AM CST Sat Feb 08 2025

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible from the Edwards Plateau into
    central and northeast Texas late Monday night. Severe weather
    potential is low.

    ...Synopsis...
    While strong zonal flow will persist across portions of the Midwest
    into the Northeast, broadly cyclonic flow will increase across the
    western U.S. through the period. A shortwave trough will emerge from
    northern Mexico and eject into West/Central Texas by Tuesday
    morning. At the surface, Gulf moisture will remain near the coast,
    south of a stalled cold front. As the upper trough approaches, this
    moisture will make some progress northward overnight Monday.

    ...Edwards Plateau into Northeast Texas...
    While models differ on the northward advancement of moisture late
    Monday into Tuesday--the NAM most notably less aggressive--it is
    probable that moisture will be sufficient to support elevated
    buoyancy. Modest mid-level ascent and lower-level warm advection
    will promote showers and isolated thunderstorms from the Edwards
    Plateau region into Central and Northeast Texas late Monday night
    into Tuesday morning. While shear will be strong, mid-level lapse
    rates and buoyancy will be weak. Severe weather is not expected with
    this activity.

    ..Wendt.. 02/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 8 19:12:10 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 081912
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 081911

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0111 PM CST Sat Feb 08 2025

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible from the Edwards Plateau into
    central and northeast Texas late Monday night. Severe weather
    potential is low.

    ...Synopsis...

    Quasi-zonal deep-layer flow and surface high pressure will persist
    from the northern Rockies to the Northeast on Monday. Further south
    and west, a shortwave upper trough offshore from Baja will shift
    east across northern Mexico and AZ/NM through early Tuesday. This
    will result in increasing southwesterly flow across the southern
    High Plains while modest surface lee troughing develops in the
    vicinity of the Rio Grande Valley.

    ...Central/West Texas...

    A stalled front extending west to east from the Edwards Plateau
    vicinity to the central Gulf coast will not move much during the
    day. As the upper shortwave trough approaches during the second half
    of the period, low-level warm advection and some northward
    progression of the boundary will result in modest boundary-layer
    moisture spreading into central TX. Some weak elevated instability
    is evident in forecast soundings between 500-700 mb atop an elevated
    mixed layer. While vertical shear will be favorable for organized
    convection, the shallow and weak layer of elevated instability will
    likely limit severe potential. Nevertheless, isolated to scattered
    general thunderstorms are possible late Monday into early Tuesday in
    this warm advection regime ahead of the approaching upper trough.

    ..Leitman.. 02/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 9 08:24:46 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 090824
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090823

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 AM CST Sun Feb 09 2025

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are possible from the southern
    Plains into the lower Mississippi Valley on Tuesday. Severe weather
    is not currently anticipated.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad trough will continue to evolve across the West on Tuesday. A
    shortwave perturbation is expected to eject into the southern Plains
    late in the period, though model timing differences are noted with
    this feature. Though its position is still a bit uncertain, a cold
    front will extent from West/Central Texas into the central Gulf
    Coast--the NAM being the most southern solution. Precipitation is
    expected to be ongoing early in the period within a warm advection
    zone along the front. This activity should remain behind the front
    and help to reinforce it. Development south of the boundary where
    some muted heating could occur seems unlikely given warmer/drier air
    aloft.

    ...Central into East Texas...
    As the upper trough moves into the region by early Wednesday
    morning, warm advection atop the colder air will intensify.
    Mid-level lase rates will steepen with time and shear would support
    organized storms. MUCAPE is expected to be a modest 400-800 J/kg.
    However, the boundary position and warm advection zone is still
    uncertain. Deep-layer shear will also be roughly parallel to the
    boundary and model soundings do indicate a potential warm/dry layer
    that could hinder convective development. Confidence in severe
    weather is low, though the stronger elevated storms could produce
    small hail.

    ..Wendt.. 02/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 9 19:06:48 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 091906
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 091905

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0105 PM CST Sun Feb 09 2025

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are possible from the southern
    Plains into the lower Mississippi Valley on Tuesday. Severe weather
    is not currently anticipated.

    ...Southern Plains to Lower MS Valley...

    An upper trough over the West will shift east toward the
    central/southern Rockies on Tuesday. As this occurs, several
    shortwave perturbations will migrate through enhanced southwesterly
    deep-layer flow from the southern Plains to the Lower MS and TN
    Valleys. Vertically veering wind profiles that typically would
    support organized convection and supercells will be present.
    However, most forecast guidance indicates deeper boundary-layer
    moisture will largely remain confined to coastal vicinity from
    southeast TX into LA. Some northward advection of modest
    boundary-layer moisture across the Lower MS Valley ahead of southeastward-advancing cold front, is possible, but parcels will
    likely not be able to take advantage of this moisture owing to an
    EML/warm layer between 925-850 mb, precluding much in the way of
    surface-based instability. Midlevel lapse rates also will remain
    modest, though weak MUCAPE (generally less than 800 J/kg) will be
    present.

    Warm advection through the period will result in isolated to
    scattered elevated thunderstorms, much of which are likely to occur
    to the cool side of the surface boundary. Some of the stronger
    thunderstorms could produce small/sub-severe hail, but overall
    severe potential is expected to remain limited due to the overall
    poor thermodynamic conditions.

    ..Leitman.. 02/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Feb 10 08:05:23 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 100805
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100804

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0204 AM CST Mon Feb 10 2025

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE SABINE
    VALLEY INTO FAR WESTERN ALABAMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe storms will be possible Wednesday afternoon into
    Wednesday night from the Sabine Valley vicinity into far western
    Alabama.

    ...Synopsis...
    As the shortwave trough near the ArkLaTex moves northeastward
    through the day on Wednesday, moisture return from the Gulf will
    continue ahead of a cold front that will move through the Lower
    Mississippi Valley and parts of the Southeast Wednesday
    evening/overnight.

    ...Sabine Valley into far western Alabama...
    Precipitation, likely north of the surface boundary, will be ongoing
    Wednesday morning. This will have impact on both frontal position
    and the exact degree of destabilization that can occur later in the
    day. As the trough moves northeast, low to mid 60s F dewpoints will
    move northward into much of Louisiana into central Mississippi and
    portions of Alabama. Upper 60s F dewpoints are possible near the
    Gulf Coast. As a surface low develops near the ArkLaTex late in the
    morning, storm development in the warm sector is possible near the
    Sabine Valley. Storms are expected to be at least near surface
    based. Storm development along the front is likely to continue
    through the period given strong low-level warm advection. This
    activity may occasionally be strong to severe given the 50-60 kts of
    effective shear. However, front-parallel shear will lead to storm
    interactions and little surge in the line. The front will eventually
    move southeastward, but this will not occur until the evening and
    overnight periods. Buoyancy will decrease with northward and
    eastward extent, but stronger forcing from the shortwave may
    compensate. Moisture advection should keep inhibition minimal even
    into the evening. The strong low-level winds and enlarged hodographs
    would suggest some threat of damaging winds as well as a tornado or
    two. The linear forcing from the front should limit the tornado
    threat. Development of storms in the open warm sector does not
    appear probable given the warmer layers aloft and the arrival of
    mid-level cooling during th early/mid evening.

    ..Wendt.. 02/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Feb 10 19:22:28 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 101922
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 101921

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0121 PM CST Mon Feb 10 2025

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    EASTERN LOUISIANA INTO CENTRAL/SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI AND FAR WESTERN
    ALABAMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms will be possible Wednesday afternoon into Wednesday
    night from the Sabine Valley vicinity into far western Georgia.

    ...Lower MS Valley/Central Gulf Coast States...

    A large-scale upper trough will be located over the Plains/central
    U.S. Wednesday. A shortwave embedded within the larger-scale trough
    will rotated from the Plains to the Midwest/Great Lakes, resulting
    in a large swath of strong deep-layer southwesterly flow across the
    region. At the surface, low pressure will develop near the Sabine
    River during the morning, and deepen as the low lifts northeast
    through the period. Southerly low-level flow will maintain 60s F
    dewpoints across the Lower MS Valley and Gulf Coast states ahead of southeastward-advancing cold front. While widespread cloud cover and
    ongoing precipitation will limit stronger destabilization, and adds
    to uncertainty for this event, the overall large-scale pattern
    suggests some severe thunderstorm potential is likely from extreme
    southeast TX into MS/AL Wednesday afternoon into the overnight
    hours.

    Mid to upper 60s F dewpoints will approach the I-20 corridor by
    afternoon as the surface low develop northeast into TN/KY by 00z.
    Additionally, strong shear will overspread the region for much of
    the period (decreasing from west to east with time). Large-scale
    ascent will be somewhat offset to the north of the better low-level
    moisture, but a glancing influence coupled with the sharpening of
    the southeast-advancing cold front will be sufficient to sustain
    convection in a strong warm advection regime.

    Forecast soundings indicate enlarged low-level hodographs becoming
    elongated above 2-3 km, typical of supercell/QLCS environments and
    aided by a 45-60 kt low-level jet. However, low-level lapse rates
    are expected to remain poor given limited heating, and midlevel
    lapse rates also are expected to remain modest. MUCAPE around
    500-1000 J/kg is evident in most forecast guidance, though
    surface-based instability is likely to remain muted. With shear
    vectors oriented parallel to the surface boundary, convection is
    likely to mostly be to the cool side of the boundary. However, given
    strength of shear and modest instability, some strong/severe wind
    potential is possible with organized line segments. While low-level
    lapse rates and instability are expected to remain poor, limiting
    overall tornado potential, a couple of mesovortex spin-ups within
    linear convection may still be possible given very favorable shear
    environment and any mesoscale pockets of greater instability.

    Currently, it is uncertain if convection will be able to develop
    ahead of the cold front in the open warm sector. Given the somewhat
    northward offset of stronger ascent and orientation of shear vectors
    to the initiating boundary, it appears low probability at this time
    that convection will be able to sufficiently deepen within the
    pre-frontal warm advection regime. However, if this occurs, a
    conditional risk for severe gusts and a couple of tornadoes with
    supercells will exist.

    The severe risk should gradually lessen overnight with north and
    east extent as instability decreases and large-scale ascent
    continues to lift to the northeast of the region.

    ..Leitman.. 02/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 11 08:15:35 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 110815
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110814

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0214 AM CST Tue Feb 11 2025

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible early Thursday morning into
    perhaps the afternoon in parts of the Piedmont. Additional
    thunderstorms may occur in coastal central California and parts of
    the Sacramento Valley. Severe weather potential currently appears
    low.

    ...Synopsis...
    Thunderstorms will be ongoing early Thursday along a cold front in
    the Florida Panhandle into southwest Georgia. With forcing for
    ascent rapidly lifting northeastward away from the region, the
    overall severe threat with this activity appears low. An isolated
    strong gust could occur into mid-morning, however. Farther north in
    the southern Appalachians and adjacent Piedmont, strong forcing
    could promote a few thunderstorms early in the period. As this
    activity moves eastward, it should encounter a cold air wedge east
    of the terrain. Northward advection of moisture is not likely to
    occur sufficiently to support much in the way of instability or
    strong surface gusts during the afternoon.

    A strong upper trough will move into northern/central California
    late Thursday into Friday morning. As a frontal system impacts the
    region, strong forcing and cold air aloft are expected to support
    lift/buoyancy that will be marginally supportive of lightning
    activity. Some of this activity could extend inland into parts of
    the Sacramento Valley.

    ..Wendt.. 02/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 11 19:46:06 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 111946
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 111945

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0145 PM CST Tue Feb 11 2025

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible early Thursday morning into
    perhaps the afternoon in parts of the Southeast. Additional
    thunderstorms may occur in coastal central California and parts of
    the Sacramento Valley. Severe weather potential currently appears
    low.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong surface low will deepen across the Northeast early Thursday
    with a cold front extending along the Appalachians and into the
    Southeast. An area of high pressure will build into the Plains in
    the wake of this system with another strong surface low approaching
    the West Coast.

    ...Southeast...
    A line of storms will be ongoing at the beginning of the period from
    the southern Appalachians to the Florida Panhandle. There may be
    enough instability for an isolated severe weather threat to persist
    for a few hours after 12Z, but it is currently unclear where exactly
    this line of storms will be located at that time. Therefore, no
    marginal risk will be added this time, but one may be needed if the
    threat does indeed appear to persist after 12Z and once the exact
    area of this threat becomes more clear.

    Farther west, cooling air aloft as a mid-level trough approaches the
    California coast will result in elevated instability and lightning
    off the coast and into north-central California.

    ..Bentley.. 02/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 12 08:22:40 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 120822
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120821

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 AM CST Wed Feb 12 2025

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible from the Sabine Valley into the Ozarks
    and Mid-South. Additional isolated storms are possible in the Four
    Corners vicinity. Severe weather is not currently expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    Shortwave ridging aloft will give way to strengthening southwesterly
    flow as a strong trough moves through the Southwest on Friday. Late
    in the period, moisture return will begin within the Sabine and
    lower Mississippi Valleys. A surface low will evolve southward from
    the central High Plains to the Red River region by Saturday morning.

    Warm advection will intensify as the trough nears the southern High
    Plains. Scattered to numerous storms are expected from the ArkLaTex
    into Mid-South/lower Ohio Valley Friday night into Saturday morning.
    Storms are possible farther south into East Texas and Louisiana, but
    warm air aloft leads to less certainty in development. Increasing
    shear and elevated instability will potentially promote a few
    stronger storms. However, modest mid-level lapse rates and plentiful
    storm interactions are expected to limit the severe threat. Small
    hail may occur, but the coverage of marginally severe hail appears
    too uncertain for unconditional probabilities.

    ..Wendt.. 02/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 12 19:21:13 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 121921
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 121919

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0119 PM CST Wed Feb 12 2025

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible from the Sabine Valley into the Ozarks
    and Mid-South. Additional isolated storms are possible in the Four
    Corners vicinity. Severe weather is not currently expected.

    ...Discussion...
    A mid-level trough will traverse the Southwest on Friday with
    persistent lee surface troughing in the southern/central High
    Plains. This will result in a broad region of strengthening
    southerly flow across the southern Plains and into the Lower-Mid
    Mississippi Valley. Initially, moisture return will be above the
    surface with weak to moderate elevated instability expected Friday
    night across Arkansas and into the Mid-Mississippi Valley. As the
    low-level jet and isentropic ascent strengthens, elevated
    thunderstorms are expected, particularly after 06Z. Isolated hail is
    possible, but forecast instability currently appears too weak for a
    more widespread large hail threat.

    Surface based convection is not anticipated as 60F dewpoints are
    only expected as far north as the AR/LA border by 12Z Saturday with
    minimal convection expected within the warm sector. Therefore,
    minimal severe weather threat is expected prior to 12Z Saturday and
    no Marginal Risk appears warranted.

    ..Bentley.. 02/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 13 08:31:20 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 130831
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130830

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CST Thu Feb 13 2025

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF
    THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND WESTERN ALABAMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe weather is expected from East Texas into much of the
    Southeast and parts of the Mid-South on Saturday. Scattered to
    numerous damaging wind gusts and a few tornadoes are the primary
    threats. Storms are expected from late afternoon through the
    evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    A potent upper-level trough initially within the Four Corners will
    make quick progress through the Southern Plains and into the lower
    Mississippi Valley on Saturday. A surface low in the southern Plains
    will track into the Mid-South and eventually the Ohio Valley, all
    the while deepening. A cold front will move through the Southeast
    beginning in the late afternoon into Sunday morning. Intense wind
    fields are expected with ample low-level and deep-layer shear.

    ...Southeast...
    Precipitation will likely be ongoing within a zone of warm advection
    from the Ozarks into the Mid-South vicinity. This activity will have
    an impact on the exact extent of northward moisture advection and destabilization. The deepening surface low should push some of this
    activity northward during the day, however. Models are in general
    agreement that a fairly broad warm sector will remain precipitation
    free during much of the morning and early afternoon. Temperatures
    across the warm sector within the mid/upper 70s F appear probable.
    One of the main sources of uncertainty will be whether afternoon
    convection can develop in the warm sector. The ECMWF continues to
    hint at this possibility while the cooler surface temperatures in
    the NAM limit destabilization. Storms during the afternoon would
    likely be discrete and there would be an increase in the tornado
    threat, some of which could be strong. By the late afternoon into
    the evening, there is high confidence in the cold front beginning to
    surge south and east. This will coincide with an intensification of
    the low-level jet. Strong to significant wind gusts would be
    possible as would QLCS tornadoes. With northward and eastward
    extent, buoyancy should lessen. However, the 50-65 kt low-level jet
    would promote a risk of damaging surface gusts even with more
    muted/shallow convection.

    ...East Texas/Sabine Valley...
    A Pacific front will be draped across the region, south of the
    parent surface low. Uncertainty in storm development in this area is
    slightly higher than farther east. Strong shear across this boundary
    would support organized storms, most likely supercellular initially.
    Damaging winds and tornadoes would be possible. Given the closer
    proximity to steeper mid-level lapse rates, large hail could also
    occur. With time and increased mid-level ascent, activity would
    likely congeal into a line later in the afternoon.

    ..Wendt.. 02/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 13 19:22:55 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 131922
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 131921

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0121 PM CST Thu Feb 13 2025

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR FAR EAST
    TEXAS TO WESTERN ALABAMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe weather is expected from East Texas into much of the
    Southeast and parts of the Mid-South on Saturday. Scattered to
    numerous damaging wind gusts and a few tornadoes are the primary
    threats. Storms are expected from late afternoon through the
    evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will move from the Southwest to the Southern
    Plains on Saturday and eventually into the Mid-Mississippi Valley by
    12Z Sunday. During this period, a surface low will move from the
    southern Plains to the Ohio Valley with an extensive warm sector
    across the Southeast.

    ...Southeast...
    The warm sector will be rapidly destabilizing Saturday morning
    across the Southeast as mid 60s dewpoints surge north off of the
    Gulf. As elevated thunderstorm activity expands within a broad area
    of isentropic ascent across the Mid-Mississippi Valley, a large
    region of precipitation will develop and likely mark the northward
    extent of the warm frontal surge. This appears to be somewhere near
    the MS/TN border into southeast Arkansas. South of this warm front,
    a moderately unstable environment (1000-2000 J/kg MUCAPE) will
    develop as temperatures warm into the 70s. However, forcing should
    be weak across the warm sector with the majority of thunderstorms
    expected to remain along the frontal zone.

    Severe diurnal thunderstorm activity will likely be located from
    East Texas into western Louisiana where greater instability and
    steeper mid-level lapse rates will be present within a confluent
    region along/ahead of the surface front. A few supercells may be
    possible with a threat for large hail, severe wind gusts, and
    perhaps a few tornadoes. Eventually, likely after 00Z when the
    stronger mid-level forcing arrives, a squall line will start to
    advance east across the Southeast. This squall line will pose a
    threat for widespread severe wind gusts and perhaps some
    line-embedded tornadoes given the cyclonically curved and long
    low-level hodographs. Some pre-frontal convection may develop ahead
    of the line late in the period, but lesser instability by this time
    will likely limit the intensity of this activity.

    ..Bentley.. 02/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 14 08:17:58 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 140817
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140816

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0216 AM CST Fri Feb 14 2025

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE SOUTHEAST AND MID-ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong wind gusts are possible on Sunday, mainly from late
    morning through the afternoon, across portions of the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Northern FL to the Mid-Atlantic...

    An upper trough will develop northeast across the eastern U.S. on
    Sunday. A large area of strong deep-layer southwesterly flow will
    overspread the Eastern Seaboard ahead of the trough. At the surface,
    a cold front will sweep east through the day, moving offshore the
    Atlantic coast and into northern/central FL in the 21-00z time
    frame. Mid-60s F dewpoints will likely remain confined to the FL Panhandle/north FL and southern GA, with upper 50s to low 60s F
    dewpoints developing northward into the eastern Carolinas and
    southeast VA. Diurnal heating will remain limited, and lapse rates
    are forecast to be weak. However, strong deep-layer flow and modest
    instability (up to a few hundred J/kg MUCAPE) may be sufficient for
    strong gusts at the surface, even in the absence of much lightning.
    While instability will be somewhat stronger further south across
    FL/southern GA, large-scale ascent will rapidly lift northeast of
    the area during the morning, but vertical shear should still be
    sufficient for some organized convection.

    While overall severe potential appears limited given a generally
    poor/weak thermodynamic environment, strong background flow should
    support at least sporadic strong/locally damaging wind potential. As
    such, a Marginal risk (level 1 of 5) has been introduced ahead of
    the cold front across the Southeast/Mid-Atlantic coastal vicinity.
    Given uncertainty in frontal position at the beginning of the
    period, and how much northward destabilization may occur, some
    adjustment to the outlook area in subsequent outlooks may be
    necessary.

    ..Leitman.. 02/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 14 19:23:32 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 141923
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 141922

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0122 PM CST Fri Feb 14 2025

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTHEAST
    VIRGINIA AND MARYLAND...CENTRAL AND EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA...SOUTH CAROLINA...EASTERN GEORGIA...AND NORTH FLORIDA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong wind gusts are possible on Sunday, mainly from late
    morning through the afternoon, across portions of the Southeast and Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong mid-level jet streak will advance from the Southeast to
    Coastal Carolinas during the day Sunday while a strong surface low
    will continue to deepen across the Northeast. A strong cold front
    will move from the Appalachians to the Atlantic Coast during the
    daytime period.

    ...Carolinas to North Florida...
    A line of thunderstorms is expected to be ongoing at the beginning
    of the period from the southern Appalachians to the central Florida
    Panhandle. Ahead of this line, in the lee of the Appalachians, cold
    air damming will start to erode with upper 50s to low 60s dewpoints
    in place and weak instability. Despite the weak instability, strong
    low-level flow will be in place which could result in some damaging
    wind gusts mixing to the surface within the squall line. By late
    morning, some heating could result in greater instability across the
    eastern Carolinas which could lead to some re-intensification of the
    squall line before it moves off the coast during the afternoon.

    Farther south across southern Georgia and north Florida, somewhat
    greater instability will be in place which may maintain a damaging
    wind threat through the morning and early afternoon. However,
    forcing will be weaker across this region which should limit the
    overall threat.

    ..Bentley.. 02/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 15 08:13:37 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 150813
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150812

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0212 AM CST Sat Feb 15 2025

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper trough will begin to dig across the western U.S. while
    quasi-zonal flow emerges east of the Rockies on Monday. At the
    surface, strong high pressure will encompass much of the CONUS, with
    a prior cold frontal passage penetrating south across most of the
    Gulf. This will leave a dearth of boundary-layer moisture over most
    of the country. Some modest moisture may return to coastal TX as a
    lee low develops near the southern High Plains in response to the
    deepening southwestern U.S. upper trough. However, thunderstorm
    chances are not expected.

    ..Leitman.. 02/15/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 15 18:41:02 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 151838
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 151837

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1237 PM CST Sat Feb 15 2025

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Lightning potential will remain minimal across the U.S. on Monday.

    ...Discussion...
    Weakly cyclonic flow aloft will prevail across most of the U.S.
    Monday. At the surface, cold high pressure will continue ridging
    southeastward out of the Canadian Prairie, resulting in stable
    conditions and a general lack of thunder potential. A flash or two
    cannot be ruled out across portions of the West, as a short-wave
    trough shifts southeastward out of the Pacific Northwest into/across
    the Great Basin. Showers, and possibly a thunderstorm, may also
    occur in the vicinity of the Florida Keys as low-level flow veers to
    a northeasterly direction in the wake of cold-frontal passage.
    Overall however, expect thunder potential to remain minimal in the aforementioned areas, and nil elsewhere.

    ..Goss.. 02/15/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 16 07:55:44 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 160755
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160754

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0154 AM CST Sun Feb 16 2025

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHEAST
    TEXAS AND PARTS OF SOUTHERN LOUISIANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms will be possible across
    southeast Texas and portions of southern Louisiana Tuesday afternoon
    and evening.

    ...Southeast TX/Coastal Plain vicinity...

    An upper trough will deepen as it moves across the Plains to the MS
    Valley on Tuesday. At the surface, a strong Arctic cold front will
    develop southeast across TX through the evening hours. A surface low
    will develop east along the upper TX coast and southern LA/MS
    through early Wednesday, with the front becoming positioned from
    southern MS into the western Gulf Wednesday morning. Southerly
    low-level flow ahead of the front will allow 60s F dewpoints to
    spread northward across the TX coastal plain and southern LA/MS.
    Steepening midlevel lapse rates will allow for elevated instability
    to develop atop an elevated mixed layer between 925-850 mb. This
    will support thunderstorm develop in a warm advection regime near
    the advancing cold front. This activity will likely remain elevated. Nevertheless, increasing southwesterly flow with height will result
    in elongated/straight hodographs above the EML. MUCAPE around
    750-1200 J/kg will support organized cells within a favorably
    sheared environment and isolated large hail will be possible.

    ..Leitman.. 02/16/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 16 19:24:53 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 161924
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 161923

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0123 PM CST Sun Feb 16 2025

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM
    SOUTHEASTERN TEXAS EASTWARD ACROSS SOUTHERN LOUISIANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple of strong to severe thunderstorms are expected to evolve
    across southeast Texas and portions of southern Louisiana, mainly
    Tuesday evening and into the overnight hours.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper short-wave trough, digging southeastward across the Four
    Corners states early in the period, will gradually turn eastward as
    it emerges into the central/southern Plains region Tuesday afternoon
    and evening. Overnight, the feature will move quickly eastward,
    reaching the Mid-Mississippi Valley area late.

    At the surface, a weak wave is forecast to reside over Texas at the
    start of the period, along the main baroclinic zone separating the continental/Arctic airmass over the Plains from the maritime/Gulf
    airmass drifting northward into the Gulf Coast region. This wave is
    forecast to move slowly eastward through the afternoon, with a
    southward surge of the Arctic airmass to occur in its wake. By the
    end of the period, the low will likely have reached the central Gulf
    Coast region, with the cold Arctic airmass having surged southward
    across most if not all of Texas, and the lower Mississippi Valley
    area, by 12Z Wednesday.

    ...Southeastern Texas across southern Louisiana...
    As the weak surface wave moves eastward across Texas ahead of the
    progressive upper trough, persistent southerly flow will advect
    higher theta-e air northward into the south-central CONUS. With a
    cool/stable surface-based airmass expected to remain resistant to
    erosion, most of the destabilization resulting from the theta-e
    advection will likely remain elevated. Still, above-surface CAPE
    development will be sufficient to support convective development,
    though likely not to begin in earnest until after dark. Initial
    development should occur over eastern Texas and the Arklatex, with a
    couple of the strongest storms perhaps capable of producing marginal
    hail. Storms will spread eastward with time overnight, into the
    lower Mississippi Valley/central Gulf Coast region, with
    continuation of low-probability hail risk. Late in the period, some
    erosion of the low-level stable air may occur in coastal areas of
    Louisiana, which would potentially yield some low-end tornado
    potential. However, this scenario remains uncertain at this time.

    ..Goss.. 02/16/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Feb 17 07:51:58 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 170751
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170750

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0150 AM CST Mon Feb 17 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible across portions of the Southeast
    on Wednesday, but severe storms are not expected.

    ...Synopsis...

    A strong, Arctic cold front will continue to surge east across the
    Southeast on Wednesday. Showers and thunderstorms will likely be
    ongoing Wednesday morning in a warm advection regime across parts of
    the central Gulf coast. This activity will shift east into southern
    GA and parts of north/central FL. While modest boundary-layer
    moisture will be in place ahead of the front, lapse rates will
    remain quite poor, limiting destabilization inland, with any
    substantial instability remaining over the warmer Gulf waters. While
    moderate vertical shear will overspread parts of the central Gulf
    coast and FL/GA, the poor thermodynamic environment will preclude
    severe thunderstorm potential.

    ..Leitman.. 02/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Feb 17 19:24:29 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 171924
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 171923

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0123 PM CST Mon Feb 17 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible across portions of the Southeast
    on Wednesday, but severe storms are not expected.

    ...Discussion...
    As a mid-level short-wave trough crossing the southern Plains at the
    start of the period moves quickly eastward across the southeastern
    quarter of the country Wednesday, a weak surface wave will continue
    moving eastward along the remnant baroclinic zone. Once it clears
    the far southeastern tip of Louisiana early in the period, the wave
    is forecast to remain over the northern Gulf through the day.
    Correspondingly, the surface warm sector is also forecast to remain
    offshore.

    As the wave approaches northwestern Florida, weakening is expected
    -- with redevelopment expected to focus off the southern Atlantic
    Coast beginning during the afternoon. The low is then expected to
    deepen gradually over the Gulf Stream, through the end of the
    period.

    With the warm sector to remain south of the central Gulf Coast
    States, and lapse rates/instability to remain weak, onshore
    convection is expected to remain elevated and largely disorganized.
    Even across northern Florida near the remnant baroclinic zone, weak
    lapse rates should preclude appreciable surface-based CAPE
    development, suggesting little if any risk for organized convection.
    The current/apparent lack of severe weather potential, precludes
    consideration of any inclusion of severe-weather probabilities at
    this time.

    ..Goss.. 02/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 18 07:31:35 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 180731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0130 AM CST Tue Feb 18 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...

    Strong surface high pressure and an Arctic airmass will settle over
    much of the CONUS on Thursday. A cold front will shift south over
    South FL, but poor lapse rates and warm temperatures aloft will
    preclude sufficient destabilization for thunderstorms. Elsewhere,
    cold and stable conditions will preclude thunderstorm activity.

    ..Leitman.. 02/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 18 19:24:30 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 181924
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 181923

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0123 PM CST Tue Feb 18 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Discussion...
    In the wake of a cold front exiting the Florida Peninsula, strong
    surface high pressure (1040+ mb) and an Arctic air mass will settle
    over much of the CONUS on Thursday. Prevalent cold and stable
    conditions are expected to considerably limit thunderstorm
    potential.

    ..Guyer.. 02/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 18 22:30:03 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 182229
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 182228

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0428 PM CST Tue Feb 18 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Discussion...
    In the wake of a cold front exiting the Florida Peninsula, strong
    surface high pressure (1040+ mb) and an Arctic air mass will settle
    over much of the CONUS on Thursday. Prevalent cold and stable
    conditions are expected to considerably limit thunderstorm
    potential.

    ..Guyer.. 02/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 19 07:41:37 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 190741
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190740

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0140 AM CST Wed Feb 19 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...

    Strong surface high pressure will persist across much of the CONUS
    on Friday. Gulf moisture will remain offshore, and the cold/stable
    boundary layer will preclude thunderstorm activity.

    ..Leitman.. 02/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 19 19:19:13 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 191919
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 191917

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0117 PM CST Wed Feb 19 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Friday a split-flow regime will exist with northwest flow from
    the northern Plains into the Great lakes, and a stronger belt of
    westerly flow from the Southwest into the Southeast. The overarching
    theme will continue to be stable conditions due to high pressure
    over the central and eastern states, though surface winds will
    become easterly from the Bahamas westward across the Gulf of
    America.

    While an upper low is forecast to move across AZ and NM late in the
    period, little instability is forecast with this system as it drops
    southeast out of the Four Corners overnight. Given nocturnal timing,
    lack of heating and minimal destabilization suggest thunderstorms
    will remain unlikely.

    ..Jewell.. 02/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 20 07:53:46 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 200753
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200752

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0152 AM CST Thu Feb 20 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible near the middle and upper Texas
    coastal vicinity Saturday evening into early Sunday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper shortwave trough will shift east from AZ into the southern
    Plains on Saturday. Surface high pressure and a cool airmass will
    persist over the southern Plains and Gulf coast. However, increasing southwesterly midlevel flow and midlevel moistening is expected as
    the shortwave trough ejects eastward. Warm advection atop the cool
    boundary layer and steepening midlevel lapse rates will result in
    increasing precipitation chances from late afternoon into the
    overnight hours across portions of the middle and upper TX coastal
    vicinity. Sufficient elevated instability (generally less than 400
    J/kg MUCAPE) will exist to support isolated thunderstorms. Severe
    thunderstorm potential is not expected.

    ..Leitman.. 02/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 20 19:17:38 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 201917
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 201916

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0116 PM CST Thu Feb 20 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are possible from the middle and upper Texas
    Coast toward the Sabine Valley Saturday evening into early Sunday.
    At least some risk of hail may eventually develop.

    ...Synopsis...
    A general northwest flow regime will remain from the northern Plains
    into the Mid Atlantic, with a southern-stream westerly flow regime
    from the southern Plains into the Southeast. A compact upper low is
    forecast to move from AZ/NM across the southern Plains, providing
    cooling aloft. Ahead of this feature, southerly winds around 850 mb
    will bring moisture northward in an elevated sense, while the
    surface air mass remains cool/stable over land due to high pressure
    over the Southeast.

    As the upper feature interacts with the midlevel moisture plume from
    the western Gulf into the Sabine and lower MS Valleys, elevated
    MUCAPE over 500 J/kg may develop, supporting scattered
    thunderstorms. Forecast soundings reveal steep lapse rates above 600
    mb, with enough effective shear to sustain a few strong storms.
    Given cold boundary-layer temperatures, at least small hail appears
    likely. Isolated hail over 1.00" cannot be ruled out, though
    confidence is not great enough to introduce a risk area this far out
    for this type of regime.

    ..Jewell.. 02/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 21 08:27:23 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 210826
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210825

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CST Fri Feb 21 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are forecast across southern Louisiana on Sunday. No
    severe weather is expected.

    ...Discussion...
    A mid-level trough will continue to advance southeast into the
    northern Gulf on Sunday. Elevated thunderstorms will likely be
    ongoing and persist through the morning and early afternoon within a
    region of isentropic ascent from south-central Louisiana to
    southeast Louisiana. Strong shear will be present as the mid-level
    flow strengthens. However, instability will be quite weak.
    Therefore, some small hail is possible, but larger hail is not
    expected. By late afternoon to evening, expect most of the
    thunderstorm activity to move offshore as the surface low develops
    and moves into the central Gulf.

    ..Bentley.. 02/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 21 19:20:34 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 211920
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 211919

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0119 PM CST Fri Feb 21 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are still forecast across portions of southern
    Louisiana and immediate surrounding areas on Sunday. No severe
    weather is expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    A split upper-flow regime will overspread the CONUS on Sunday, with
    a pronounced mid-level trough poised to traverse the U.S./Canada
    border as a smaller mid-level impulse progresses along the Gulf
    Coast. A statically stable airmass will be in place over most of the
    CONUS, limiting thunderstorm development over most locales. Scant
    elevated buoyancy will accompany the Gulf Coast trough, mainly over
    southern LA and immediate surrounding areas. Isolated to potentially
    scattered thunderstorms are expected to be in progress at the start
    of the period (12Z Sunday), and may continue into the afternoon,
    until the elevated buoyancy is shunted offshore.

    ..Squitieri.. 02/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 22 08:03:18 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 220803
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220802

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0202 AM CST Sat Feb 22 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few thunderstorms are possible across South Florida on Monday. No
    severe thunderstorms are expected.

    ...Discussion...
    A positively-tilted, mid-level shortwave trough and associated
    surface low will traverse the Gulf and cross the Florida Peninsula
    on Monday. Some weak instability will be present which may be
    sufficient for a few thunderstorms, particularly across the Keys and
    into far South Florida. While effective shear will be sufficient for
    organized convection (40-45 knots), weak lapse rates and relatively
    weak instability will likely inhibit the overall threat. Therefore,
    while thunderstorms are possible, severe weather remains unlikely.

    A strong mid-level jet and associated trough will move into the
    Northwest on Monday. As temperatures cool aloft, sufficient
    instability should develop for isolated lightning, particularly
    closer to the coast.

    ..Bentley.. 02/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Feb 22 19:07:51 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 221907
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 221906

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0106 PM CST Sat Feb 22 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few thunderstorms are possible across South Florida and coastal Oregon/Washington on Monday. No severe thunderstorms are expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    A shortwave trough will continue through the Gulf towards the
    western Florida Peninsula on Monday. In the Northwest, a compact,
    strong shortwave will pivot through the region during the afternoon
    and evening. A modest surface low will accompany the eastern trough,
    with a weak surface boundary draped across central Florida.

    Though shear across central/southern Florida will be sufficient for
    organized convection. Weak lapse rates and muted surface heating due
    to preceding clouds/precipitation are expected to limit potential
    for severe weather. A conditionally stronger storm would be possible
    if surface heating is greater than expected near the boundary. This
    outcome is too uncertain for severe probabilities.

    With a stronger shortwave than Sunday day, potential for
    thunderstorms will be slightly higher. Wind fields will be strong,
    but buoyancy is not expected to be overly large. A stronger, convectively-enhanced gust is possible right along the coast, but
    potential for more than an isolated/marginal severe concern is
    rather low.

    ..Wendt.. 02/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 23 07:51:48 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 230750
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230749

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0149 AM CST Sun Feb 23 2025

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the CONUS on Tuesday.

    ...Discussion...
    Mostly zonal flow aloft will be present across the CONUS on Tuesday
    with a dry airmass in place as a surface low moves off the east
    coast of Florida amid northerly flow across much of the Southeast
    into the central and eastern Gulf. Later in the period, some
    southerly flow will resume across the western Gulf, but moisture
    will remain very shallow with no instability present. Given this dry environment across much of the CONUS, no thunderstorms are
    anticipated on Tuesday.

    ..Bentley.. 02/23/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Feb 23 19:24:28 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 231924
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 231923

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0123 PM CST Sun Feb 23 2025

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected across the CONUS on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    After an upper-level trough moves of the eastern Florida coast,
    generally quasi-zonal flow will prevail across the CONUS. Two
    shortwaves, one in central/northern Rockies and the other in
    Mid-Atlantic, will have little in terms of moisture to work with.
    Thunderstorm potential with these features will be quite low. Very
    isolated thunderstorm activity could linger into early Tuesday
    morning in Florida, but the departing shortwave/surface low will not synoptically favor coverage at or above 10%.

    ..Wendt.. 02/23/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Feb 24 08:23:29 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 240823
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240822

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 AM CST Mon Feb 24 2025

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No thunderstorms are expected on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level shortwave trough will move through the Great Lakes on
    Wednesday while a larger positively tilted trough develops across
    the Upper Midwest. This will accelerate a surface front south across
    the Midwest and toward the Mid-Mississippi Valley. Moisture will be
    limited along this frontal zone which will limit any thunderstorm
    potential with only some light, stratiform precipitation
    anticipated. Farther west, a strong mid-level trough will develop
    along the western CONUS with an area of strong high pressure within
    the Intermountain West. This will lead to benign weather conditions
    for much of the western CONUS on Wednesday.

    ..Bentley.. 02/24/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Feb 24 18:55:45 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 241855
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 241854

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1254 PM CST Mon Feb 24 2025

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    No thunderstorms are expected on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An elongated trough across the Midwest/Ozarks/central Plains will
    shift south and east on Wednesday. A cold front will accelerate
    southeastward in response. Limited moisture along the front will
    lead to low thunderstorm potential. Farther south, into the Sabine
    Valley vicinity, moisture return will be greater, but warm mid-level temperatures should prevent thunderstorm development.

    ..Wendt.. 02/24/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 25 08:22:19 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 250822
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250821

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 AM CST Tue Feb 25 2025

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are possible from the Southeast
    to the Carolinas and southern Virginia on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will amplify as it moves toward the East Coast
    today. A strong surface cold front will be near the Appalachians at
    the beginning of the period and move into the western Atlantic by
    early Friday morning. Farther west, a closed low will develop and
    move slowly east beneath a mid-level ridge in the western CONUS. Any thunderstorm activity associated with this mid-level low should
    remain offshore through 12Z Friday.

    ...Carolinas into the Southeast...
    Instability will remain somewhat limited ahead of a surface front as
    it moves east on Thursday due to limited moisture east of the
    Appalachians. Weak instability is forecast which could result in a
    few thunderstorms Thursday afternoon/evening. Isolated thunderstorms
    are possible along the cold front from central Alabama into South
    Carolina where instability may be somewhat greater, but upper-level
    forcing will be weaker. Thunderstorm chances will be higher across
    North Carolina and southern Virginia where stronger mid-level
    forcing will arrive Thursday evening. Minimal instability should
    preclude the chance of severe weather with any of this activity.

    ..Bentley.. 02/25/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Feb 25 18:54:51 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 251854
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 251853

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1253 PM CST Tue Feb 25 2025

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are possible across parts of the
    southern Appalachians, Carolinas, and southern Virginia on Thursday.
    A few thunderstorms will also be possible across parts of northern
    California.

    ...Discussion...
    An amplifying mid-level trough will continue to sweep eastward
    across the eastern U.S. on Thursday. Cold air/steep lapse rates
    aloft accompanying the system may support sufficient instability to
    permit isolated convective development -- and possibly a few
    lightning flashes. Greater potential for convection -- and
    associated lightning chances -- will remain offshore over the Gulf
    Stream.

    Meanwhile, a mid-/upper-level low will move eastward into northern
    and central California overnight. Cold mid-level temperatures/steep
    lapse rates may be sufficient to support sporadic lightning, from
    within the broader area of convective precipitation.

    Elsewhere, thunderstorms are not expected.

    ..Goss.. 02/25/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 26 08:17:26 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 260817
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260816

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0216 AM CST Wed Feb 26 2025

    Valid 281200Z - 011200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible across parts of southern
    California on Friday.

    ...Discussion...
    A closed upper low will approach the southern California coast on
    Friday. Model spread remains high for the location of this
    upper-level low. A ECMWF/GEM/EPS solution bringing the upper-low
    into southern California is preferred. As temperatures cool aloft,
    weak instability will develop across parts of southern California
    with isolated thunderstorms possible. The greatest thunderstorm
    potential will be late Friday night and early Saturday when the
    coldest temperatures aloft are expected to overspread southern
    California.

    Farther east, northerly flow will be present across the Gulf in the
    wake of a cold front which will move through Thursday night. This
    northerly flow will slacken through the day which will prevent
    further scouring of Gulf moisture. However, this moisture will
    remain well offshore and thus, instability will remain weak across
    the eastern CONUS. No thunderstorms are anticipated east of the
    Rockies on Friday.

    ..Bentley.. 02/26/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Feb 26 19:21:28 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 261921
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 261920

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0120 PM CST Wed Feb 26 2025

    Valid 281200Z - 011200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible across parts of central and
    southern California on Friday.

    ...Discussion...
    As a mid-level trough departs the East Coast early Friday, a
    clipper-type system will advance quickly east-southeastward across
    the Great Lakes, reinforcing eastern U.S. cyclonic flow. In the
    West, a disturbance over the Desert Southwest is progged to shift
    eastward with time, downstream of a much strong upper cyclone
    approaching -- and eventually reaching -- the southern half of
    California.

    As the upper low gradually moves inland, cold air/steep lase rates
    aloft will support an increase in shower convection. A few
    low-topped thunderstorms will be possible overnight, and thus will
    maintain 10% thunder potential, though with somewhat of a northward
    areal shift from the prior forecast.

    ..Goss.. 02/26/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 27 08:09:01 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 270808
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270807

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0207 AM CST Thu Feb 27 2025

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible along the northern California
    and southern Oregon Coast on Saturday night.

    ...Discussion...
    On Saturday, the large scale pattern will feature a trough across
    the eastern CONUS with ridging across the western CONUS and another
    larger scale trough approaching the West Coast. Beneath this ridge,
    an upper low will translate east across the Southwest.

    A dry airmass will limit thunderstorm potential across most of the
    eastern CONUS on Saturday. A few lightning flashes may be possible
    late along the northern California/southern Oregon coast Saturday
    night as temperatures cool aloft and mid-level lapse rates steepen,
    yielding weak instability after 06Z.

    ..Bentley.. 02/27/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Feb 27 19:28:04 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 271927
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 271925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0125 PM CST Thu Feb 27 2025

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Little thunderstorm activity is anticipated for Saturday. A flash or
    two cannot be ruled out over northern Arizona and vicinity.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    An upper low will move east from southern CA into AZ during the day,
    beneath a large-scale ridge over the Pacific Northwest and northern
    Rockies. Strong cooling aloft combined with daytime heating may
    yield weak instability supporting isolated, weak diurnal convection
    from southern NV across northern AZ and toward the Four Corners
    area.

    Elsewhere, a large-scale upper trough will remain over the East,
    with cool/stable air due to high pressure and offshore flow from the
    Gulf to the East Coast. An amplified upper trough will approach the
    West Coast Saturday night, with little instability forecast.

    ..Jewell.. 02/27/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 28 07:18:39 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 280718
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280717

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0117 AM CST Fri Feb 28 2025

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered, generally weak, thunderstorm activity is possible
    across parts of central California into the Great Basin, and across
    parts of the central Great Plains, Sunday through Sunday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Split westerlies will remain amplified across the eastern Pacific,
    and characterized by generally high mean mid-level heights extending
    inland within a broadly confluent belt across the Rockies and east
    of the Mississippi Valley by late Sunday night, in the wake of
    large-scale troughing slowly progressing east of the Atlantic
    Seaboard. Within this regime, a significant, cold mid/upper trough
    is forecast to progress inland of the Pacific coast into the Great
    Basin and Southwest, preceded by a less prominent perturbation
    crossing the southern Rockies and through the central Great Plains
    by 12Z Monday.

    In lower levels, modest surface cyclogenesis appears likely to
    commence across eastern Wyoming and Colorado into the adjacent high
    plains. Models indicate that this will be accompanied by
    strengthening southerly return flow, in the wake of cold/dry surface
    ridging shifting east of the Mississippi Valley into Atlantic
    Seaboard. Stronger flow is forecast to develop inland of a
    gradually modifying boundary-layer over the western Gulf Basin, but
    modest moistening in lower/mid-levels is still probable across the
    southern through central Great Plains, beneath (at least initially)
    relatively warm/dry layers farther aloft.

    ...Central Great Plains...
    There remains notable spread concerning the motion of the lead short
    wave perturbation. However, guidance suggest that associated
    forcing for ascent and mid-level cooling, coupled with the limited
    moisture return, probably will contribute to sufficient
    destabilization to support scattered thunderstorm development late
    Sunday afternoon through Sunday night. This is likely to be
    generally rooted above a stable boundary layer. While the
    environment might become conducive to small hail in stronger cells,
    the risk for severe weather appears negligible at this time.

    ...Central California into Great Basin...
    Beneath stronger mid-level cooling and forcing for ascent
    overspreading the region, models suggest that destabilization will
    become sufficient for widely scattered weak thunderstorms Sunday
    into Sunday night.

    ..Kerr.. 02/28/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Feb 28 19:07:42 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 281907
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 281906

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0106 PM CST Fri Feb 28 2025

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered, generally weak thunderstorm activity is possible
    across parts of central California into the Great Basin, and across
    parts of the central Great Plains, Sunday through Sunday night.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    An amplified upper trough will move east across the West Coast on
    Sunday, with a strong backside speed max digging into the Four
    Corners states into Monday morning. Minimal elevated instability is
    forecast to develop primarily from southern NV into northern AZ and
    southern UT, supporting isolated weak thunderstorms late.

    To the east, a compact shortwave trough/upper low is forecast to
    move quickly into the central Plains, with low pressure developing
    over eastern CO into western KS. Given dry surface trajectories due
    to a surface high to the east, minimal low-level moisture return
    will occur. However, steep lapse rates especially during the late
    afternoon and cool temperatures aloft will support scattered
    thunderstorms, most prominent near the surface low over KS.
    Therefore despite strong shear profiles with this otherwise
    synoptically favorable system, severe weather is not expected.

    ..Jewell.. 02/28/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 1 08:18:12 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 010818
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010817

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0217 AM CST Sat Mar 01 2025

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS BY LATE MONDAY
    NIGHT IN A CORRIDOR FROM CENTRAL TEXAS THROUGH CENTRAL/EASTERN
    OKLAHOMA AND ADJACENT PORTIONS OF SOUTHEASTERN KANSAS...SOUTHWESTERN
    MISSOURI AND NORTHWESTERN ARKANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A corridor of intensifying thunderstorm development posing
    increasing potential for severe weather appears possible across the
    southern Great Plains by late Monday night.

    ...Discussion...
    As an initially strong, zonal jet over the western into central
    mid-latitude Pacific undergoes amplification, it appears that one
    downstream belt of westerlies will become increasingly prominent in
    a broad mean anticyclonic belt across the mid-latitude eastern
    Pacific into western United States. As one significant short wave
    trough emerging from the jet progresses into and through this regime
    across the eastern Pacific, a large downstream trough, already
    digging inland of the Pacific coast at the outset of the period, is
    forecast to remain progressive and pivot across the southern Rockies
    into Great Plains by late Monday night.

    It appears that this trough will be comprised of at least a couple
    of notable smaller-scale perturbations, and the details concerning
    its evolution and motion remain at least a bit unclear, based on
    spread evident among the various model output. However, models
    continue to indicate that associated forcing for ascent will
    contribute to strengthening surface cyclogenesis by late Monday
    night, probably across eastern Colorado into western Kansas.

    As this occurs, increasing boundary-layer moisture (probably
    including surface dew points exceeding 60F) within the evolving warm
    sector is expected to eventually contribute to a corridor of
    destabilization supportive of intensifying thunderstorm development,
    in the presence of strengthening deep-layer shear. This may include
    most unstable CAPE on the order of 500+ J/kg, coincident with
    strengthening of southwesterly flow around 500 mb to 70-90 kts
    across parts of central/north central Texas through eastern
    Oklahoma.

    There is continuing uncertainty concerning the extent to which near
    surface thermodynamic profiles will become conducive to damaging
    wind and/or tornado potential prior to 12Z Tuesday. However, given
    potentially significant conditional severe weather potential, low
    unconditional severe probabilities have been introduced across parts
    of the southern Great Plains, mainly for late Monday night.

    ..Kerr.. 03/01/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 1 19:30:16 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 011930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 011929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0129 PM CST Sat Mar 01 2025

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO SOUTHEAST KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible from southeast Kansas into the
    Edwards Plateau late Monday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    Shortwave ridging aloft will be present across the southern Plains
    in advance of a eastward moving and intensifying upper-level trough.
    The trough, initially within the Great Basin, will eject into the central/southern Plains late Monday into Tuesday morning. A closed
    upper low will develop into the central High Plains with a strong
    mid-level jet stretching into central Texas, curving westward into
    the Trans-Pecos. Strong low-level wind fields will develop late
    Monday afternoon and through the evening/overnight. At least low 60s
    F dewpoints are forecast to reach into parts of central/eastern
    Oklahoma as this occurs.

    ...Southeast Kansas into southern Plains...
    Storm development is most likely to occur mid/late Monday night.
    Model guidance still shows some variability in the
    westward/northward progress of greater low-level moisture. Severe
    probabilities have been adjusted westward to account for trends in
    the ECMWF showing storm initiation west of the I-35 corridor.
    Deep-layer shear will be strong, but it will also be largely
    parallel to the surface trough/front. That said, confidence is
    reasonably high in a linear storm mode. The primary uncertainties
    will be the exact degree of surface based destabilization and where
    storms will initiate/become severe. Forecast soundings do show
    potential for near-surface to surface based storms, however. Strong
    low-level shear will certainly be conditionally favorable for
    damaging winds and embedded circulations/QLCS tornadoes. At present
    time the most conditionally favorable environment will exist
    somewhere from central/eastern Oklahoma into parts of North Texas.

    Into southeast Kansas, uncertainty in destabilization becomes
    greater. However, some severe risk may develop ahead of the surface
    low in south-central Kansas. Farther south, into the Edwards
    Plateau, initiation along the Pacific front becomes less certain
    given some warmer air aloft. Given at least a weak signal in the
    ECMWF for thunderstorms, probabilities have been adjusted
    southwestward to account for this potential.

    ..Wendt.. 03/01/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 2 08:25:18 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 020825
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020824

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CST Sun Mar 02 2025

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS TUESDAY
    AFTERNOON AND EVENING ACROSS SOUTHERN ARKANSAS....MUCH OF NORTHERN
    AND CENTRAL LOUISIANA AND CENTRAL/SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    One or two organized lines or clusters of thunderstorm, and perhaps
    a few supercells, will pose a risk for damaging wind gusts, a few
    tornadoes and hail, primarily across parts of the lower Mississippi
    Valley into Southeast, Tuesday through Tuesday night.

    ...Discussion...
    Latest model output remains a bit varied concerning the evolution
    and motion of a significant mid/upper trough, which is generally
    forecast to be in the process of shifting across and east of the
    southern Rockies Monday night into early Tuesday. However, guidance
    indicates that it will remain progressive, and likely to overspread
    much of the Mississippi Valley by the end of the period. In
    lower-levels a broad deep cyclone is likely to continue to evolve,
    with the center forecast to track from Kansas into the Upper Midwest
    by 12Z Wednesday.

    In the wake of a recent intrusion of dry/potentially cool air,
    associated with surface ridging shifting east of the Atlantic
    Seaboard, models indicate that an influx of moisture off the western
    Gulf Basin will advect eastward ahead of the cold front trailing the
    cyclone. However, northeast of the southeastern Great Plains into
    lower Mississippi Valley, the moisture return may remain elevated
    above a residual cool/stable near surface layer. Still, large-scale
    forcing for ascent and destabilization will probably be sufficient
    to support extensive thunderstorm development across the interior
    U.S., and a fairly broad area with at least a conditional risk for
    severe storms, given the strength of flow/shear in the evolving warm
    sector.

    ...Lower Mississippi Valley into Southeast...
    An initially well-defined near-surface baroclinic zone may extend
    from the Arkansas/Oklahoma vicinity southeastward through the lower
    Mississippi Valley at the outset of the period. While it appears
    that this boundary may become more diffuse while shifting eastward
    during the day, it may still provide the primary focus for an
    organizing cluster and/or discrete supercell development, as forcing
    for ascent associated with a short wave perturbation within the
    larger-scale mid/upper troughing overspreads the region.

    Of concern, models indicate that this feature will be accompanied by
    an intense jet core, which may include south-southwesterly winds of
    70-100 kt in the 850-500 mb layer overspreading portions of
    Louisiana and Mississippi. These speeds appear generally forecast
    within the inflow layer of potential storm development, with speeds
    tending to weaken to 40-50 kt as they veer to a more westerly
    component in the potential downdraft source region. So uncertainty
    exists concerning the magnitude of potential downward mixing of
    momentum in convective development.

    Even so, particularly along the remnant boundary, the environment
    probably will become conducive to potential for damaging wind gusts,
    a few tornadoes and some hail across southern Arkansas and northern/
    central Louisiana into Mississippi. As this activity spreads
    eastward Tuesday night, the extent to which near-surface
    thermodynamic profiles support a risk for damaging surface gusts and
    tornadoes across Alabama into Georgia remains unclear, but it seems
    likely to diminish with eastward extent and time.

    ..Kerr.. 03/02/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 2 19:33:53 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 021933
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 021932

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0132 PM CST Sun Mar 02 2025

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF THE
    LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    One or two organized lines or clusters of thunderstorms, and perhaps
    a few supercells, will pose a risk for damaging wind gusts, a few
    tornadoes and hail, primarily across parts of the lower Mississippi
    Valley into the Southeast, Tuesday through Tuesday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    A strong upper-level trough in the southern Plains will continue to
    shift eastward on Tuesday. A potent mid-level jet will overspread
    portions of the lower Mississippi Valley into the
    Mid-South/Southeast. An intensifying surface low in the
    central/southern Plains is forecast to track northeastward into the
    Upper Midwest. A Pacific front, initially in central Texas, should
    provide some focus for storm development in the Sabine Valley.
    Another diffuse baroclinic zone/warm front farther east will also
    play a role in convective evolution/development.

    ...Sabine Valley into lower Mississippi Valley...
    Some amount of convection will likely be ongoing in portions of
    Central/East Texas early Tuesday morning. This, along with some
    cloud cover farther east, will have some impact on the exact degree
    of destabilization that can occur by the afternoon. Strong ascent
    along with the Pacific front will mean activity will continue to
    move eastward. Deep layer shear will support organized storms. Some
    linear clusters are possible, but supercells are also expected
    within what will be a relatively narrow warm sector. A zone where
    there may be greater potential for discrete activity is from central
    Louisiana into central/southern Mississippi. With shear vectors
    oriented more orthogonal to the boundary here, supercell potential
    should be higher. Furthermore, it seems more likely that greater
    surface heating will occur in this region as well. Should this
    environment be realized, a strong tornado would be possible.
    Otherwise, very strong low-level wind fields will support scattered
    damaging wind gusts even with more marginally surface-based storms.

    ...Mid-South...
    Questions remain as to whether convection will be surface based,
    particularly with northward extent. Temperatures aloft will still be
    quite cold and could support large hail. Even with less surface moisture/buoyancy, a very strong low-level jet could still produce
    damaging gusts even with shallow convection. Some extension of low
    severe probabilities may be needed farther north if confidence in
    this scenario increases.

    ...Alabama/Georgia...
    The eastern extent of the severe threat remains uncertain as
    buoyancy will tend to decrease with eastward extent. However, strong
    wind fields will support potential for stronger/damaging surface
    gusts and perhaps a tornado.

    ..Wendt.. 03/02/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 3 08:15:54 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 030815
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030815

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0215 AM CST Mon Mar 03 2025

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS WEDNESDAY ACROSS
    THE MID ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of producing damaging winds and a few
    tornadoes are possible across parts of the southern and middle
    Atlantic Seaboard on Wednesday.

    ...Discussion...
    Models continue to indicate that the center of a broad and deep,
    occluding surface cyclone will migrate from the Upper Midwest
    through the lower Great Lakes region into Quebec during this period.
    Associated strong lower/mid-tropospheric wind fields are likely to
    impact a broad area east of the Rockies through the Atlantic
    Seaboard. Models indicate that this may include, south to
    southwesterly flow on the order of 50-90+ kt within a moistening
    warm sector, east of deepening surface troughing to the lee of the
    Blue Ridge, and perhaps ahead of an eastward surging cold front
    across parts of the Allegheny Plateau into lower Great Lakes
    vicinity.

    Although more favorable low-level moisture return from the Gulf may
    become cut off by early Wednesday, moistening may be augmented
    somewhat by a developing return flow off a modifying boundary-layer
    offshore of the southern Atlantic Seaboard. Models still indicate
    that this may only become supportive of weak destabilization.
    However, given the strength of the wind fields and areas of stronger
    forcing for ascent, there appears at least a conditional risk for
    severe thunderstorm activity across a broad area.

    ...Southern through Mid Atlantic...
    Models indicate that surface dew points may increase into the 60s F
    in a corridor across the Carolinas through Virginia during the day.
    Latest NAM forecast soundings suggest that this might occur across
    parts of the Carolina Piedmont into coastal plain prior to the
    arrival of a remnant convective band emerging from the eastern Gulf
    States. Although lower/mid-tropospheric lapse rates are forecast to
    be rather weak, weak near-surface destabilization might become
    sufficient to support a risk for tornadoes and/or damaging straight
    line wind gusts, given forecast very large, clockwise curved
    low-level hodographs.

    In the wake of this initial band of convection, beneath a developing
    dry slot, northward moisture advection and insolation to the lee of
    the Blue Ridge may contribute to modest destabilization by late
    Wednesday afternoon. It appears that this will be aided by the
    leading edge of stronger mid-level cooling spreading to the east of
    the Appalachians, and accompanied by increasing thunderstorm
    development in the presence of strong deep-layer shear. Although
    forecast soundings suggest that low-level hodographs may become more
    modest by this time as the stronger low-level jet core spreads
    offshore, the environment may still become conducive to supercells
    with potential to produce severe wind, hail and perhaps a tornado.

    ..Kerr.. 03/03/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 3 19:27:40 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 031926
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 031925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0125 PM CST Mon Mar 03 2025

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE MID
    ATLANTIC INTO PARTS OF THE CAROLINAS AND EASTERN GEORGIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of producing damaging winds and a few
    tornadoes are possible across parts of the southern and middle
    Atlantic Seaboard on Wednesday. Isolated strong to severe storms
    will also be possible from the eastern Ohio Valley into parts of
    Pennsylvania.

    ...Synopsis...
    A deep mid/upper-level shortwave trough is forecast to move across
    the eastern CONUS on Wednesday, as an embedded occluding cyclone
    moves northeastward toward the lower Great Lakes region. A remnant
    QLCS may be ongoing Wednesday morning from the Florida Panhandle and
    northern peninsula into the Carolina Piedmont region. Low-level
    moisture will continue to stream northward within the warm sector of
    the cyclone, with mid 50s to low 60s F dewpoints potentially
    reaching portions of the Carolinas and Mid Atlantic, and somewhat
    less robust moisture into parts of the Ohio Valley in advance of the
    primary cold front.

    ...Florida into the Mid Atlantic...
    While the QLCS that is expected to develop on D2/Tuesday may weaken
    overnight into early Wednesday morning, moistening in advance of the
    remnant QLCS could support some intensification through the day,
    with very strong deep-layer flow and low-level shear supporting some damaging-wind and tornado potential as the initial line moves
    eastward.

    In the wake of the initial convective line, there will be some
    potential for destabilization from the Carolinas into the Mid
    Atlantic, as colder temperatures aloft move into the region.
    Depending on the extent of heating and moistening in the wake of
    early convection, redevelopment of organized convection will be
    possible during the afternoon and early evening, potentially
    accompanied by a threat for locally damaging wind, isolated hail,
    and possibly a tornado.

    ...Eastern parts of the Ohio Valley into WV/PA/western NY...
    Guidance varies regarding the extent of moistening and
    destabilization from eastern OH into PA and western NY on Wednesday
    afternoon, though organized storm development could occur as the
    primary midlevel cyclone and attendant cold temperatures aloft
    overspread the region. If deeper and more robust updrafts can be
    sustained, then a few organized cells or line segments will be
    possible, accompanied by some severe threat. Higher probabilities
    may eventually be needed, if confidence increases in sufficient
    diurnal moistening/destabilization across the region.

    ..Dean.. 03/03/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 4 08:04:32 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 040804
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040803

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0203 AM CST Tue Mar 04 2025

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered weak thunderstorm activity is possible Thursday
    across parts of central California through the Great Basin and parts
    of the southern Rockies.

    ...Discussion...
    As the center of a broad and deep, occluding cyclone migrates into
    southwestern Quebec by early Thursday, a significant trailing cold
    front is forecast to have overspread much of the Gulf Basin. It
    does appear that the boundary layer may begin to undergo substantive modification across the southwestern Gulf Basin, northward toward
    lower Texas coastal areas by late Thursday night. However,
    dry,stable conditions are likely to prevail across much of the
    southern Great Plains, as renewed cyclogenesis occurs to the lee of
    the Colorado Rockies.

    Beneath a generally confluent mid-level flow regime, it still
    appears that the cyclone, and supporting mid-level short wave
    perturbation emerging from larger-scale troughing progressing inland
    of the Pacific coast, will weaken while shifting eastward through
    the central Great Plains Thursday night into early Friday.

    Trailing the lead short wave, models indicate that a more prominent
    mid-level short wave trough will dig inland across central/southern
    California and into the lower Colorado Valley by 12Z Friday. Cold
    mid-level air overspreading central California through the southern
    Great Basin and portions of the southern Rockies, in association
    with these developments, is likely to contribute to weak
    destabilization with daytime heating. It appears that this will
    become sufficient to support widely scattered weak thunderstorm
    activity.

    ..Kerr.. 03/04/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 4 19:04:35 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 041903
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 041902

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0102 PM CST Tue Mar 04 2025

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A positively tilted mid/upper-level trough is forecast to move
    eastward across the western CONUS on Thursday. Moisture associated
    with this system will remain limited, but cold temperatures aloft
    may support weak convection with sporadic lightning flashes from
    parts of central CA into the Great Basin and central/southern
    Rockies.

    Farther east, a surface cyclone will deepen during the day across
    the south-central High Plains, with low-level moisture return
    expected to commence during the evening near the Texas coast.
    However, instability and large-scale ascent are expected to remain
    too weak for deep convection within this early moisture-return
    regime through the end of the period. Dry/stable conditions in the
    wake of a cold frontal passage will preclude thunderstorm
    development across the eastern CONUS.

    ..Dean.. 03/04/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 5 07:40:29 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 050739
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050738

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0138 AM CST Wed Mar 05 2025

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Probabilities for thunderstorms appear negligible across the U.S.
    Friday through Friday night.

    ...Discussion...
    A broad and deep, occluded cyclone, initially centered over
    southwestern Quebec, may undergo substantive further deepening
    during this period, with a new primary center developing and
    migrating north of the Canadian Maritimes into Newfoundland and
    Labrador. In its wake, models indicate that cyclonic mid-level flow characterized by seasonably low heights will linger across the Great
    Lakes vicinity through Northeast.

    As much of the remainder of the U.S. remains under the influence of
    a belt of westerlies emanating from the mid-latitude Pacific,
    mid-level flow is likely to become increasing confluent across and
    east of the central Great Plains, downstream of an evolving low
    within larger-scale troughing digging inland of the southern
    California coast by 12Z Friday. This perturbation is forecast to
    turn eastward to the north of the Southwestern international border
    vicinity Friday through Friday night, preceded by an increasingly
    sheared perturbation across the central Great Plains into middle
    Mississippi Valley.

    In association with the lead impulse, an initially more prominent
    surface low over the central Great Plains is forecast to weaken
    considerably while rapidly translating eastward, trailed by a
    reinforcing cold front which may advance through the Cumberland
    Plateau, Mid South and south central Great Plains by late Friday
    night.

    Ahead of the front, a deepening moist boundary-layer may develop
    across the north central Gulf toward coastal areas between
    southeastern Louisiana and the Florida Panhandle. However, models
    indicate that this will remain capped by warm, dry air the lower/mid-troposphere.

    ...Four Corners States...
    Beneath the mid-level cold core overspreading the Southwest and
    southern Great Basin into southern Rockies, it appears that a cold
    and/or dry boundary layer (even with insolation) will tend to
    minimize the risk for weak thunderstorm activity.

    ..Kerr.. 03/05/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 5 19:16:33 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 051915
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 051913

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0113 PM CST Wed Mar 05 2025

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Potential for thunderstorms will remain low on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper-level trough will move from the lower Colorado Valley into
    the southern Rockies on Friday. Ahead of this feature, a strong belt
    of mid-level flow will persist across the southern Plains into the
    Southeast. Low-amplitude upper ridging will precede the southwestern
    trough. At the surface, a low will track from Kansas into the Ohio
    Valley before weakening. A cold front will push into the southern
    Plains in its wake. As the trough approaches the southern Plains, a
    surface low will develop along the cold front in Central/South
    Texas.

    Some moisture return is expected to occur from the Upper Texas Coast
    into the central Gulf Coast. However, the persistent southwesterly
    flow aloft will maintain a capping layer of warmer air and should
    preclude thunderstorm development in the absence of greater forcing
    for ascent. Within the core of the upper trough, some weak
    convection appears possible in south-central/southeast Arizona given
    the cold temperatures aloft. However, the cool/dry boundary layer
    conditions suggest coverage should remain well below 10%.

    ..Wendt.. 03/05/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 6 08:27:06 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 060826
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060826

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CST Thu Mar 06 2025

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SATURDAY INTO
    SATURDAY NIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF NORTH CENTRAL THROUGH EASTERN
    TEXAS...WESTERN AND SOUTHERN LOUISIANA...SOUTHERN MISSISSIPPI AND
    ALABAMA AMD ADJACENT PORTIONS OF THE FLORIDA PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered strong thunderstorms may impact parts of north
    central through eastern Texas into the central Gulf coast vicinity
    Saturday through Saturday night, accompanied by a risk for severe
    hail.

    ...Discussion...
    Between amplified cyclonic flow, characterized by seasonably low
    mid-level heights across much of eastern Canadian and adjacent
    portions of the Great Lakes/Northeast into northwestern Atlantic,
    and broad ridging across the Gulf Basin into Southeast, broadly
    confluent mid-level flow likely will be maintained to the east of
    the Rockies. It appears that a significant mid-level trough and
    embedded low, approaching this regime across the southern Rockies by
    the beginning of the period, will slowly be forced into and through
    it, as a significant upstream short wave trough digs across the
    southern mid-latitude eastern Pacific Saturday into early Sunday.

    The latest model output continues to indicate that the lead
    perturbation will gradually become increasingly sheared as it
    progresses across the southern Great Plains, particularly by late
    Saturday through Saturday night. Based on the various guidance, it
    is possible that associated forcing for ascent could support further
    deepening of an initial developing frontal wave across north central
    Texas. However, this probably will be short-lived, with
    cyclogenesis along the front remaining modest to weak while quickly
    developing southeastward then eastward across the Gulf Coast states.

    ...South Central U.S...
    The models do indicate that an influx of moisture off a modifying
    boundary layer across the northwestern/north central Gulf will
    contribute to a conditionally and convectively unstable environment
    across the southeastern Great Plains into north central Gulf coast
    vicinity. Beneath layers with steep lapse rates in the
    lower/mid-troposphere, the low-level moisture may contribute to CAPE
    on the order of 500-1000 J/kg. It remains unclear how far inland of
    upper Texas through Louisiana coastal areas this will become
    boundary-layer based, but as large-scale ascent aids erosion of
    mid-level inhibition, the environment may become conducive to widely
    scattered strong thunderstorm development with potential to produce
    severe hail.

    Deep-layer shear will be strong for both boundary-layer based storm
    development and storms rooted above a shallow cool/stable
    near-surface layer, lingering ahead of the primary southeastward
    advancing cold front, from northeastern Texas through
    northern/eastern Louisiana, southern portions of Mississippi/Alabama
    and the adjacent western Florida Panhandle. With storms rooted in
    the boundary-layer, a tornado might not be out of the question
    across parts of southeastern Texas into southern Louisiana, but
    low-level hodographs are forecast to remain on the smaller/weaker
    side.

    ..Kerr.. 03/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 6 19:28:19 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 061928
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 061927

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0127 PM CST Thu Mar 06 2025

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF EAST TEXAS...THE CENTRAL GULF COAST...WESTERN FLORIDA PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered strong to severe thunderstorms may occur from
    portions of East Texas into the Central Gulf Coast region on
    Saturday. Large hail is the primary hazard with the strongest
    storms.

    ...Synopsis...
    Low amplitude ridging in the Southeast will lose definition as
    strongly positive-tilted trough emerges from the southern Plains on
    Saturday. Mid-level southwesterly winds will already be strong
    across the Gulf Coast region. The trough will be accompanied by an
    intensifying mid-level jet that will arrive in the Sabine
    Valley/Lower Mississippi Valley during the late afternoon into the
    evening. At the surface, a weak frontal wave cyclone is expected to
    migrate eastward out of Texas along the Gulf Coast. A cold front
    will be situated from Central Texas eastward near the Gulf Coast.
    Mid/upper 60s F dewpoints may move immediately inland of the coast.

    ...East Texas into Central Gulf Coast/Florida Panhandle...
    Widely scattered storms may develop during the afternoon, but
    confidence in greater storm coverage increases towards evening when
    greater mid-level ascent will impact the region. Storms are
    generally expected to be elevated on the cool side of the boundary.
    Some storms closer to the coast could become surface based, but
    forecast soundings suggest there is uncertainty as to whether the
    near-surface stable layer will erode. Given strong shear and
    moderately steep mid-level lapse rates (particularly towards the
    west), large hail will be possible with the strongest storms.
    Low-level winds will not be particularly strong and 850 mb winds
    will be veered. Should a storm become surface based, there would be
    a conditional threat for a tornado near the surface boundary. With
    some modest deepening of the surface low expected towards Sunday
    morning, low-level hodographs will become slightly enlarged in the
    western Florida Panhandle. Severe probabilities have been extended
    farther east to account for this.

    ..Wendt.. 03/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 7 07:51:49 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 070750
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070749

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0149 AM CST Fri Mar 07 2025

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHERN
    GEORGIA INTO NORTHERN FLORIDA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible on Sunday
    across southern Georgia into northern Florida.

    ...Synopsis...

    A positively tilted upper trough will shift east across the
    Southeast on Sunday. A weak surface low over southern AL Sunday
    morning will shift east near the FL/GA state line before moving
    offshore during the nighttime hours. A warm front will be draped
    across southern GA, with mid 60s F dewpoints to the south of the
    front. Modest midlevel lapse rates will foster MUCAPE around
    500-1000 J/kg. Meanwhile, warm advection will sustain ongoing
    convection to the north of the warm front Sunday morning/afternoon,
    with additional rounds of convection possible during the late
    afternoon into the evening as a cold front moves across southern
    GA/northern FL. Surface-based instability is expected to remain
    weak, with convection likely remaining somewhat elevated given poor
    diurnal heating resulting in weak low-level lapse rates.
    Nevertheless, favorable vertical shear will be present with
    supercell wind profiles evident in forecast soundings. If a storm
    can become surface-based near the warm front, isolated strong gusts
    or a tornado will be possible.

    ..Leitman.. 03/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 7 19:17:25 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 071917
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 071916

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0116 PM CST Fri Mar 07 2025

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE FLORIDA PANHANDLE INTO SOUTHERN GEORGIA/NORTH FLORIDA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible on Sunday from
    parts of the Florida Panhandle into southern Georgia and North
    Florida.

    ...Synopsis...
    A compact shortwave trough will move from the lower Mississippi
    Valley into the Southeast on Sunday. A warm front will be in place
    across the central Gulf Coast vicinity into far southern Georgia. A
    weak frontal wave cyclone will undergo some deepening as it tracks
    east.

    ...Florida Panhandle into southern Georgia/North Florida...
    Convection should be ongoing at the start of the period near the
    surface low and along portions of the warm front. Some western shift
    in the surface low in recent guidance has been noted and low severe probabilities have been shifted westward to account for spatial
    uncertainty at the start of the period. Deep-layer shear will be
    strong, but it will also be parallel to the boundary. The degree of destabilization that will occur is also a question given the early
    activity expected. The overall expectation is for somewhat
    disorganized convection to occur along and north of the boundary
    with perhaps occasional intensification possible given the strong
    shear. South of the boundary, there will be greater potential for
    surface-based storms. Should enough destabilization occur, stronger clusters/isolated supercells would be possible. Low-level shear near
    the boundary could promote potential for a brief tornado or two.
    Otherwise, isolated strong/damaging wind gusts would likely be the
    primary hazard.

    ..Wendt.. 03/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 8 07:42:27 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 080742
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080741

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0141 AM CST Sat Mar 08 2025

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible across portions of the Florida
    Peninsula and the coastal Carolinas on Monday. Severe storms are not
    expected.

    ...Synopsis...

    A compact upper low/shortwave trough over the Southeast will move
    offshore from the Carolinas on Monday. In the wake of this system, low-amplitude, quasi-zonal westerly flow will overspread much of the
    southern tier of the CONUS, while a broad upper trough migrates
    across the northern U.S. At the surface, a cold front will move
    southeast across the FL Peninsula and deep into the Gulf. This will
    leave a dearth of boundary layer moisture across most of the CONUS.
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible ahead of the front, and
    along the SC/NC coast within the warm conveyor of a deepening
    surface low offshore. Severe storms are not expected.

    ..Leitman.. 03/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 8 18:34:28 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 081834
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 081833

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1233 PM CST Sat Mar 08 2025

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms are possible across portions of the Florida
    Peninsula and parts of the Carolinas on Monday. Severe storms are
    not expected.

    ...Discussion...
    An upper low forecast to lie over the Alabama/Georgia vicinity
    Monday morning will continue advancing steadily eastward, moving
    offshore during the evening. As this occurs, a surface low --
    expected to be moving off the South Carolina coast at the start of
    the period -- will shift northeastward while gradually deepening
    over the Gulf Stream. A cold front trailing southwestward from the
    low will shift steadily southward across the Florida Peninsula
    through the period.

    Showers and potentially a few thunderstorms will affect parts of
    Florida through the day, ahead of the advancing cold front. Weak
    instability will preclude appreciable severe-weather potential.
    Meanwhile, cool air aloft/relatively steep mid-level lapse rates
    associated with the upper low may permit sporadic lightning within elevated/low-topped convection. However, CAPE should remain
    insufficient to support any more than small hail.

    Elsewhere, thunderstorms are not expected.

    ..Goss.. 03/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 9 06:59:30 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 090659
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090658

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    1258 AM CST Sun Mar 09 2025

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are not expected on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...

    Generally low-amplitude westerly mid/upper flow will develop over
    the Plains and Southeast on Tuesday ahead of an upper shortwave
    trough moving across the Southwest to southern Rockies. At the
    surface, a prior cold frontal passage deep into the Gulf and high
    pressure centered over the eastern Gulf will result in a dry airmass
    persisting for much of the period. Southerly low-level flow will
    increase across the western Gulf into the southern Plains late in
    the forecast period, allowing for some very modest northward
    transport of shallow Gulf moisture into south/coastal TX. However, thunderstorms are not expected in this warm advection regime as
    considerable dry air will remain in mid and upper levels through
    early Wednesday morning.

    ..Leitman.. 03/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 9 19:14:22 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 091913
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 091912

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0212 PM CDT Sun Mar 09 2025

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...NO THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are unlikely Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Split mid-level flow will persist over the CONUS Tuesday, as
    low-amplitude ridging moves eastward. A post-frontal air mass is
    expected over the eastern half of the US, with surface high pressure
    and offshore flow limiting inland moisture return and buoyancy.
    Southerly low-level flow will increase across the southern Plains
    late in the forecast period, as a shortwave trough moves over
    northern Mexico. Weak northward transport of shallow Gulf moisture
    is possible into south/coastal TX late. While isolated showers are
    possible, the air mass will likely be too dry for thunderstorms. A
    sporadic lightning flash from weak elevated convection beneath the
    cold core of the advancing upper trough is possible over parts of
    the Southwest. However, more than sporadic thunder potential appears
    unlikely given the cool, dry, and stable conditions over much of the
    US.

    ..Lyons.. 03/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 10 06:37:08 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 100637
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100636

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0136 AM CDT Mon Mar 10 2025

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    EASTERN TEXAS INTO SOUTHEAST OKLAHOMA...SOUTHWEST ARKANSAS...AND
    NORTHWEST LOUISIANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible from eastern
    Texas into southeast Oklahoma, southwest Arkansas, and northwest
    Louisiana late Wednesday afternoon and evening.

    ...ArkLaTex vicinity...

    An upper shortwave trough will track east from the southern Rockies
    to the Southeast on Wednesday. A 70+ kt jet streak will mostly
    overspread central/southern TX toward LA through evening before
    weakening some overnight along the central Gulf coast. A weak
    surface low is forecast to move across OK through evening, and
    dissipate as it shifts toward the Lower MS Valley overnight.
    Southerly low-level flow ahead of the low will allow for modest
    northward transport of Gulf moisture across eastern TX into the
    ArkLaTex vicinity. Near-60 F dewpoints may approach the I-20
    corridor, but overall moisture quality is expected to remain poor
    given the prior very dry airmass. Nevertheless, cooling aloft will
    result in an area of steep midlevel lapse rates, supporting a
    corridor of 500-1500 J/kg MLCAPE from east TX into southern AR.

    Some forecast guidance suggests midlevel capping my inhibit
    surface-based convection, with the NAM notably being an outlier with
    much stronger inhibition around 850 mb compared to the GFS/ECMWF.
    Given the region will be within the favorable left-exit region of
    the midlevel jet streak, providing sufficient forcing amid supercell
    wind profiles, even elevated storms could pose a severe risk, from
    mainly large hail. If surface-based convection can develop, strong
    gusts or perhaps a tornado (mainly over east TX where somewhat
    better moisture will be located), though this potential is more
    conditional.

    ..Leitman.. 03/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 10 19:07:37 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 101907
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 101906

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0206 PM CDT Mon Mar 10 2025

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF EAST TEXAS INTO SOUTHEAST OKLAHOMA...SOUTHERN ARKANSAS...NORTHERN
    LOUISIANA AND WESTERN MISSISSIPPI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible from eastern
    Texas into southeast Oklahoma, southern Arkansas, northern
    Louisiana, and western Mississippi late Wednesday afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    A fast-moving mid-level trough will traverse from the Southwest
    Wednesday morning, across the southern Plains and into the
    Mid-Mississippi Valley by early Thursday morning. A weak surface
    cyclone will develop near the TX/OK Panhandles and move to the Ozark
    vicinity by late Wednesday evening. A dryline will extend from this
    surface low and sharpen across east-central Texas by early evening.


    ...Southern Plains to the Lower Mississippi Valley...
    Southerly flow will bring moisture northward ahead of the dryline on
    Wednesday afternoon. While some 60s dewpoints may approach the Red
    River, the moisture will be quite shallow with mean mixing ratio
    values around 10 g/kg ahead of the dryline. However, despite the
    low-quality moisture, cool mid-level temperatures will support
    moderate instability and mid-level forcing will be strong which
    should permit thunderstorm development along the dryline during the
    late afternoon and early evening. 40-50+ knots of effective shear is
    forecast beneath the mid-level jet streak. Therefore, supercells are
    possible with a threat for both large hail, damaging wind gusts, and
    perhaps a tornado.

    This threat should continue into the overnight period as moisture
    quality increases across the warm sector amid continued height falls
    and strengthening isentropic ascent.

    Some consideration was given to a Slight risk across portions of
    southeast Oklahoma and northeast Texas. However, the shallow nature
    of the moisture and the impact that may have on convective coverage
    during the afternoon/evening is the primary limiting factor at this
    time.

    ..Bentley.. 03/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 11 07:08:53 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 110708
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110707

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0207 AM CDT Tue Mar 11 2025

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF EASTERN MISSISSIPPI INTO ALABAMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong to severe thunderstorms are possible across portions of
    eastern Mississippi into Alabama on Thursday.

    ...Southeast...

    A shortwave upper trough will move across the Southeast through
    Thursday evening before moving offshore over the Atlantic during the
    nighttime hours. Stronger deep-layer flow associated with a 55-65 kt
    jet streak within the base of the trough will mostly remain over the
    Gulf. However, modest vertical shear with effective shear magnitudes
    around 25-30 kt is forecast. Furthermore, elongated/straight
    hodographs are present in forecast soundings across portions of
    MS/AL. Boundary layer moisture will be modest (upper 50s to low 60s
    F), but cold temperatures aloft will support steep midlevel lapse
    rates and contribute to 500-1000 J/kg MLCAPE. Overall, this
    environment may support isolated strong to severe storms, with
    marginally severe hail and gusty winds being the main potential
    hazards through the afternoon.

    ..Leitman.. 03/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 11 19:25:15 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 111925
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 111924

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 PM CDT Tue Mar 11 2025

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong to severe thunderstorms are possible from eastern
    Mississippi into Alabama and far western Georgia on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Thursday, a shortwave trough will move quickly east across the
    Gulf Coast states, and completely offshore by late evening. High
    pressure will extend westward toward FL, which in combination with
    increasingly westerly winds aloft, will minimize moisture return
    over parts of the area. To the west, a deep upper trough along the
    West Coast will move into the Great Basin and Southwest during the
    day, moving quickly toward the central and southern Plains by 12Z
    Friday and providing windy conditions.

    ...Southeast...
    Dewpoints well into the 50s will exist across the lower MS Valley
    eastward across AL and GA, with lower 60s F closer to the Gulf
    Coast. Little in the way of synoptic boundaries will be present at
    the surface, but outflows and/or ongoing thunderstorms may provide
    further focus for daytime development from northern MS across AL and
    into western GA and the FL Panhandle. Areas of heating along with
    strong northwest flow aloft may support strong to severe storms
    ongoing throughout the day, with hail and localized wind potential.
    Given the flow regime, a cell or two may persist with hail potential
    east of the moist axis.

    ..Jewell.. 03/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 12 07:31:25 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 120731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Wed Mar 12 2025

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE MIDDLE MISSISSIPPI VALLEY TO THE TENNESSEE VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A regional outbreak of severe storms is expected across much of the
    Mississippi Valley, eastward to the Lower Ohio and Tennessee Valleys
    late Friday afternoon into early Saturday morning. All severe
    hazards are possible, including swaths of intense winds and
    tornadoes.

    ...MS/Lower OH/TN Valleys...

    A large cyclone will rapidly intensify as it lifts northeast across
    the central Plains to the Upper Midwest on Friday. A 100+ kt
    southwesterly jet streak at 500 mb will overspread portions of the Ozarks/Mid-MS Valley, while a 60-70 kt low-level jet overspreads
    much the Mid-South and Mid-MS/Lower OH Valleys during the late
    afternoon into the overnight hours. Northward extent of deeper Gulf
    moisture (60s F dewpoints) will likely remain south of southeast
    MO/southern IL/western KY, with more modest 50s F dewpoints
    expanding northward into southeast MN/southern WI and eastward
    toward the Lower OH Valley. Despite the more modest moisture across
    the northern half of the outlook area, cold temperatures aloft will
    support steep midlevel lapse rates and at least weak instability.

    A strongly forced QLCS is expected to develop along a surface
    dryline as the mid/upper jet impinges on the Ozarks vicinity by late
    afternoon or early evening. Intense forcing and deep-layer wind
    fields will maintain an organized QLCS into the nighttime hours.
    Strong daytime heating and mixing of the boundary layer ahead of the
    QLCS will further promote swaths of severe/damaging gusts, some of
    which may be greater than 65 kt. While moisture will be somewhat of
    a limiting factor, QLCS tornadoes also will be possible.

    Convection may develop later across AR into the TN Valley/Deep
    South. However, deeper Gulf moisture will be in place across this
    region (possible mid/upper 60s F). This will support stronger
    instability amid supercell wind profiles. Large-scale ascent will be
    more subtle across this area, but sharpening of the dryline across
    AR and low-level confluence should support convective development
    during the evening. Initial supercells may grow upscale into a line
    moving across portions of AR/TN/northern MS/AL. An attendant risk of
    strong tornadoes and swaths of damaging/potentially significant wind
    gusts is expected across the Mid-South with this activity.

    A more conditional risk for overnight supercells exists across parts northern/central MS/AL. The environment could support intense
    supercells capable of producing large hail and strong tornadoes this
    far south, but forcing mechanisms will be weak. Trends will be
    monitored and future outlook adjustments may be needed.

    ..Leitman.. 03/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 12 19:28:21 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 121928
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 121927

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 PM CDT Wed Mar 12 2025

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER MUCH OF
    THE MIDDLE TO LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...OHIO AND TENNESSEE
    VALLEYS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A regional outbreak of severe storms is expected across much of the
    Mississippi Valley, eastward to the Lower Ohio and Tennessee Valleys
    late Friday afternoon into Saturday morning. Widespread damaging
    winds, several tornadoes, and hail will all be possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low associated with a powerful shortwave trough will deepen
    through the period, moving from NM at 12Z Friday to WI by 12Z
    Saturday. An associated intense midlevel speed max will pivot from
    OK at midday into the mid MS Valley by 00Z, then will lose intensity
    late as it approaches MI. Large-scale ascent will be maximized north
    of the midlevel jet roughly from the Ozarks and Ohio Valley
    northward.

    At the surface, low pressure (sub 980 mb) will deepen from KS into
    IA through evening, with a large expanse of southerly winds across
    the warm sector aiding northward moisture advection.

    Behind the primary wave, another system will be dig into northern MX
    and TX Saturday morning. This should maintain gradual height falls
    over the southeastern states through the period, despite being south
    of the initial system.

    ...Most of the area from the mid MO Valley into the TN Valley...
    A classic, progressive deep-layer cyclone will interact with a
    increasingly unstable air mass to produce widespread wind damage
    beginning near the KS/MO and OK/AR borders during early afternoon,
    and expanding northeast across much of MO, IA, IL, IN, western KY
    and parts of western TN through evening. Not only will extreme wind
    field favor damaging winds, but profiles will also favor supercells
    capable of fast-moving tornadoes, whether a broken line or in QLCS
    fashion along surging outflows. The steep lapse rates and rapid
    changes overall will also support strong tornado potential
    interspersed with the damaging wind area. Last, cells will also
    produce hail over northern areas where temperatures aloft are cold.
    ...MS/AL/TN Overnight...
    As the upper wave departs to the north, mid to perhaps upper 60s F
    dewpoints will surge north across MS, western AL and the western FL
    Panhandle during the evening and overnight. As mentioned, height
    falls will be maintained due to the secondary wave moving into TX.
    The result will be a persistent 50-60 kt low-level jet beneath 60 kt
    midlevel southwesterlies, and increasing boundary-layer moisture.
    This regime is likely to support scattered thunderstorms after 06Z,
    and the overall environment conditionally supports strong tornadoes.
    The severe risk will only increase into Saturday/D4. As such, have
    extended the Enhanced Risk farther south across MS and western AL.

    ..Jewell.. 03/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 13 07:30:21 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 130730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Thu Mar 13 2025

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    SOUTHEAST LOUISIANA INTO SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL MS/AL...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A severe weather outbreak is expected on Saturday from the central
    Gulf coast states/Deep South into the Ohio Valley. Significant
    tornadoes (focused across the South), swaths of damaging gusts, and
    hail are expected.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper cyclone over the Upper Midwest will lift northeast into
    Ontario through Saturday evening. Meanwhile, a large-scale upper
    trough over the Plains will eject east toward the MS Valley. Strong southwesterly mid/upper flow (with a 500 mb jet streak near 100 kt)
    will overspread the Lower MS Valley/Mid-South vicinity by 00z, and
    continue east/northeast overnight into the Ohio Valley and central Appalachians. An intense south/southwesterly low level jet greater
    than 60 kt is forecast to overspread the central Gulf coast/Deep
    South into the TN/OH Valley during the late afternoon and nighttime
    hours. Rich Gulf moisture with dewpoints in the mid/upper 60s is
    expected to be focused over LA/MS/AL and the FL Panhandle, and
    possibly as far north as Middle TN and far western GA. 50s to low
    60s F dewpoints will extend north into the Ohio Valley. This should
    support a widespread risk for severe storms across much of the
    central into the southeastern U.S. Saturday into early Sunday.

    ...Deep South/TN Valley vicinity...

    Forecast guidance has generally trended toward less widespread
    precipitation coverage Saturday morning as stronger height falls are
    not expected until late morning/early afternoon as the Plains trough
    ejects and a surface low begins to develop over the Mid-South.
    Persistent strong southerly low-level flow will allow for a
    moisture-rich boundary layer that should remain relatively pristine
    across southeast LA into southern/central MS/AL before convection
    develops by midday. Forecast soundings show cooling aloft will
    support steep midlevel lapse rates atop this moist boundary layer,
    leading to MLCAPE values perhaps approaching 2000 J/kg (decreasing
    with northward extent in Middle TN). Vertically veering wind
    profiles with strong anvil-level divergence amid moderate
    instability should support robust updrafts and intense supercells.
    Significant tornadoes, damaging gusts and large hail will be
    possible through the afternoon and spreading into AL during the evening/nighttime hours.

    Additional convection is expected to develop along an
    eastward-advancing cold front during the afternoon and into the
    overnight. An organized line of storms will pose a risk for damaging
    wind swaths and tornadoes across northern MS/AL into TN, eastward
    into GA and the western Carolinas overnight.

    ...Ohio Valley...

    Very strong deep-layer flow will be in place across the Ohio Valley
    on Saturday with some convection possibly ongoing from southeast
    Lower MI into western/central KY. The extent of severe potential is
    uncertain and dependent on how much precipitation occurs early in
    the forecast period. Too much convection early in the day could
    largely limit destabilization and temper the overall risk. However,
    if less convective contamination occurs, greater destabilization
    could occur ahead of a deepening surface low lifting northeast from
    the Mid-South to OH during the evening. Given the strength of
    deep-layer flow at least some risk of strong/damaging gusts within
    bands of thunderstorms should occur through Saturday night.

    ..Leitman.. 03/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 13 19:31:28 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 131931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 131930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Thu Mar 13 2025

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN EASTERN
    LA...MS...AND AL...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A severe weather outbreak is expected on Saturday across the central
    Gulf Coast States and Deep South into the Tennessee Valley. Numerous significant tornadoes are possible on Saturday afternoon and
    evening, centered on eastern Louisiana, Mississippi, and Alabama.
    Widespread damaging wind swaths and scattered large hail are likely.

    ...Central Gulf Coast/Deep South/TN Valley...
    Primary change is to expand level 4-MDT north in AL and all
    categories west in the tight gradient of severe potential from the
    Sabine to Lower MS Valleys. A particularly volatile scenario for
    destructive severe remains evident during the afternoon to evening
    on Saturday centered on the level 4-MDT risk region.

    In the wake of the vigorous shortwave trough and very deep surface
    cyclone crossing the North-Central States on D2, a broad upper
    trough will linger across the southern Great Plains. An intense
    mid-level jetlet, in excess of 100 kts at 500-mb, should eject
    through the basal portion of this trough in south TX on Saturday
    afternoon. This will induce secondary cyclogenesis along the
    slow-moving baroclinic zone from the Ark-La-Tex to the central Great
    Lakes. Another day of air mass modification ahead of this wave will
    yield a pronounced plume of rich northwest Gulf moisture that should
    be pristine across southeast LA into central MS through late
    morning. As mid-level height falls overspread the diurnally warming
    air mass, increasing convective development is expected along the
    deepening baroclinic zone, as well as residual outflows to its
    northeast in the TN Valley from prior late D2 convection.

    Steep mid-level lapse rates atop the richly moist boundary layer
    should yield at least moderate MLCAPE across the Lower MS Valley.
    Vertically veering wind profiles with strong anvil-level divergence
    amid the favorable instability should support robust updrafts and
    intense supercells. Low-level shear will strengthen during the
    afternoon and evening, setting the stage for a severe-weather
    outbreak including significant tornadoes, damaging gusts, and large
    hail. A pronounced dropoff in severe may be realized with northward
    extent across the TN Valley as an emerging band and/or highly
    organized line outpaces the rich Gulf air. Despite weaker
    instability with eastern extent into GA/SC, the intense wind fields
    may sustain damaging wind and embedded tornado potential well into
    the overnight.

    ...OH Valley to Lower Great Lakes...
    Forecast confidence is low with regard to severe potential north of
    the TN Valley. Weakening late D2 convection should be in a decaying
    process at 12Z Saturday. Much of the region will then be in between
    waves until late afternoon. Guidance differs on the degree of
    diurnal destabilization ahead of the deepening surface cyclone that
    should track north-northeast from the Ark-La-Tex. It is plausible
    that widespread Mid/Deep South to TN Valley convection during the
    day Saturday will temper the northward extent of instability by
    Saturday evening/night within a predominately meridional deep-layer
    wind profile. As such, the overall severe risk appears conditional,
    but given the fast flow regime, potential for damaging winds and
    perhaps a few tornadoes may be realized.

    ..Grams.. 03/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 14 07:30:30 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 140730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Fri Mar 14 2025

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE ATLANTIC
    COASTAL STATES FROM NORTHERN FLORIDA TO SOUTHEAST PENNSYLVANIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms with large hail, severe gusts and possibly a few
    tornadoes, are expected on Sunday across parts of the Atlantic
    Coastal States.

    ...Atlantic Coastal States...
    A mid-level trough will move eastward across the mid Mississippi
    Valley and western Great Lakes on Sunday, as an associated mid-level
    jet translates eastward into the southern and central Appalachians.
    Ahead of this feature, a south-to-north corridor of low-level
    moisture will be in place early in the day in the lee of the
    Appalachians, from Georgia north-northeastward into the
    Mid-Atlantic. Surface dewpoints along this corridor should be mostly
    in the 60s F. Along the western edge of this moist airmass,
    thunderstorms appear likely to be ongoing at the start of the
    period. The storms are forecast to move eastward from the higher
    terrain of the Appalachians into the lower elevations during the
    day. Ahead of the storms, some destabilization is forecast. ECMWF
    forecast soundings near the moist axis suggest that MLCAPE will peak
    in the 500 to 1000 J/kg range Sunday afternoon.

    In addition to the instability, strong deep-layer shear is forecast
    across most of the region due to the presence of the mid-level jet.
    As this feature moves to the east of the spine of the Appalachians,
    deep-layer shear is forecast to gradually increase. This will be
    favorable for a severe threat, associated with the stronger
    multicell line segments and/or rotating storms. Wind damage will be
    most favored along the leading edge of the faster-moving lines.
    Cells that remain discrete, and move into areas where the
    combination of instability and deep-layer shear is locally
    maximized, could become supercellular. Supercells will likely have
    potential for severe gusts and isolated large hail. An isolated
    tornado threat will also be possible, with the greatest tornado
    threat concentrated along and near the low-level jet during the
    afternoon, from the Carolinas into Virginia.

    Further north into the Hudson Valley, severe storms will also be
    possible. However, forecast instability in the Hudson Valley is
    less, suggesting the severe threat should remain marginal and more
    isolated.

    ..Broyles.. 03/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 14 19:27:07 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 141926
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 141925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 PM CDT Fri Mar 14 2025

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE SOUTHEAST
    TO LOWER MID-ATLANTIC STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few tornadoes, scattered damaging winds, and isolated, small to
    marginal severe hail are possible Sunday across parts of the East.

    ...Southeast...
    A broken to linear band of thunderstorms should be ongoing at 12Z
    Sunday from parts of north FL to at least the Savannah Valley. This
    activity should be in an overall weakening state, but to what degree
    has above-average uncertainty. It is plausible that this activity
    will have outpaced/overturned the central Gulf Coast/Deep South
    instability plume with weaker downstream mid-level lapse rates
    towards the South Atlantic Coast. Still, strong low-level shear will
    remain coincident with at least mid 60s surface dew points to
    warrant a downstream tornado/wind threat through late morning into
    the afternoon. The southern portion of the convective band will
    encounter diminishing/more veered low-level flow with time, deeper
    in the FL Peninsula. This should result in a predominantly isolated
    damaging wind threat by late afternoon.

    ...Mid-Atlantic States...
    Low-topped convection, that may not be producing much lightning,
    should be ongoing across parts of the central/southern Appalachians
    vicinity at 12Z Sunday. Destabilization ahead of this activity will
    likely be muted by poor mid-level lapse rates and substantially
    weaker boundary-layer heating relative to the FL Peninsula. But with
    very strong low-level shear/winds, some risk for damaging winds and
    a couple tornadoes may be realized. The deep-layer meridional wind
    profile may tend to be mostly parallel to what convection attempts
    to intensify, which may temper a more widespread severe damaging
    wind threat. With northeast extent, surface-based instability should
    become minimal and weak convection should remain/become elevated,
    limiting severe potential.

    ...Alleghany/Cumberland Plateau...
    The level 1-MRGL risk has been expanded westward to account for
    signals of a separate corridor of late morning to afternoon
    convection. This may form along/ahead of the north/south-oriented
    cold front trailing from the primary surface cyclone advancing from
    the central Great Lakes to Quebec. This scenario will be predicated
    on sufficient boundary-layer heating, as the bulk of guidance
    suggests that low-level winds will become veered ahead of the front
    and yield some boundary-layer drying. This should substantially
    curtail low-level shear compared to early morning, but strong
    deep-layer shear could foster locally strong gusts and small to
    marginally severe hail.

    ..Grams.. 03/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 15 07:23:06 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 150723
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150722

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 AM CDT Sat Mar 15 2025

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible on Monday across parts of
    far eastern North Carolina, far southern Florida and along the West
    Coast.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    At the start of the period, a mid-level trough is forecast over the
    southern Appalachians with a cold front located from western New
    England extending southward into far eastern North Carolina.
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible in eastern North Carolina
    early in the day, before the front moves offshore. Isolated
    thunderstorms will also be possible in far southern Florida, near a
    cold front in the vicinity of the Florida Keys. Additionally,
    thunderstorms may form in parts of northern California and along the
    coast of the Pacific Northwest. No severe threat is expected over
    the continental U.S. on Monday.

    ..Broyles.. 03/15/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 15 19:19:42 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 151919
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 151918

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 PM CDT Sat Mar 15 2025

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Monday.

    ...Discussion...
    A quiescent pattern for severe potential should return to the CONUS
    on Monday. Low-probability thunder may linger during the first
    couple hours of the period Monday morning across the NC Outer Banks
    and a sliver of southeast FL before entirely shifting off the coast.

    In the West, a broad upper trough will move onshore and should
    amplify amid multiple embedded shortwave impulses. Cool mid-level
    temperatures should aid in scant to meager buoyancy, with low-topped
    convection peaking in scattered coverage during the afternoon to
    early evening. Some of this activity should produce sporadic
    lightning, most probable in parts of the Central Valley of CA.
    Otherwise, thunderstorm coverage appears very isolated from the
    northern CA/southern OR coast into the Great Basin.

    ..Grams.. 03/15/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 16 07:28:15 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 160728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160726

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 AM CDT Sun Mar 16 2025

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHEAST NEBRASKA...IOWA AND FAR NORTHERN MISSOURI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms associated with marginally severe hail will be
    possible from late Tuesday night into the early morning on Wednesday
    from southeast Nebraska into Iowa and far northern Missouri.

    ...Southeast Nebraska/Iowa/Far Northwest Missouri...
    At mid-levels on Tuesday, anticyclonic flow is forecast to be in
    place across the eastern half of the nation, as a trough moves
    quickly eastward through the Intermountain West and central Rockies.
    During the afternoon and evening, moisture return will take place
    ahead of the approaching system from the Ark-La-Tex northward into
    the mid Missouri Valley. By Tuesday night, surface dewpoints are
    forecast to reach the upper 40s and lower 50s F within a narrow
    corridor from far eastern Oklahoma into far eastern Kansas and
    southern Iowa. Overnight, a cold front is forecast to move through
    the central Plains and mid Missouri Valley, along which thunderstorm development is expected to take place. Forecast soundings at 06Z to
    09Z near the front in far northwest Missouri and far southern Iowa
    have a low-level temperature inversion up to near 850 mb, with
    elevated instability located mostly above 700 mb. MUCAPE in the area
    is forecast to reach the 500 to 750 J/kg range, with effective shear
    of 30 to 40 knots. Mid-level lapse are forecast to be around 8 C/km.
    This environment could be enough for marginally severe hail with
    rotating storms that move along and near the instability axis. The
    majority of the severe threat is expected late in the period,
    between 06Z to 12Z early on Wednesday.

    ..Broyles.. 03/16/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 16 19:19:26 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 161919
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 161918

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 PM CDT Sun Mar 16 2025

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN SOUTHEAST NE
    AND PARTS OF IA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated, marginally severe hail will be possible during the
    overnight late Tuesday into early Wednesday from southeast Nebraska
    across the southern two-thirds of Iowa.

    ...Southeast NE and IA...
    A broad upper trough over the West will progress east as the primary
    embedded shortwave impulse ejects across the Southwest towards the
    central Great Plains. This will induce pronounced cyclogenesis in
    the lee of the southern Rockies, tracking into the Lower MO Valley
    by 12Z Wednesday. Low-level moisture return from the western Gulf
    will be tempered by a substantial continental air mass intrusion
    previously, characterized by 20s surface dew points currently along
    the TX Coast. It appears unlikely that sufficient buoyancy will
    exist to overcome the stout elevated mixed layer in the warm-limited
    moist sector ahead of the deep cyclone. However, elevated convection
    should develop Tuesday night across the Mid-MO Valley as large-scale
    ascent becomes quite strong. While elevated MUCAPE will be weak at
    most, effective bulk shear should be adequate for small to isolated
    severe hail.

    ..Grams.. 03/16/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 17 07:30:25 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 170730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Mon Mar 17 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE UPPER MIDWEST...LOWER OHIO VALLEY...TENNESSEE VALLEY AND CENTRAL
    GULF COAST STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A marginal severe threat will be possible on Wednesday from parts of
    the Upper Midwest into the lower Ohio Valley, Tennessee Valley and
    northern Gulf Coast states.

    ...Upper Midwest/Lower Ohio and Tennessee Valleys/Northern Gulf
    Coast States...
    At the start of the period, scattered elevated storms with hail
    potential are expected to be ongoing along a warm front from Iowa
    into southwest Wisconsin. The storms will be located to the north
    and northeast of a mid-level low moving through the mid Missouri
    Valley. Ahead of the system, moisture advection associated with a
    strong low-level jet will take place during the day across the mid
    Mississippi Valley. By afternoon, the moist axis is forecast to be
    located from eastern Mississippi northward into western Tennessee
    and western Kentucky. Strong large-scale ascent ahead of the
    approaching trough will likely support isolated to scattered
    thunderstorm development in the mid to late afternoon near the moist
    axis. These storms will move eastward across the western part of the
    Ohio and Tennessee Valleys extending southward into the northern
    Gulf Coast states.

    Forecast soundings Wednesday afternoon have MLCAPE along and near
    the moist axis only reaching then 250 to 500 J/kg. However, a
    passing 90 to 100 knot mid-level jet streak will contribute to very
    strong deep-layer shear across the region. For this reason, an
    isolated severe threat is expected to develop during the late
    afternoon. The environment should support hail, isolated severe
    gusts and perhaps a marginal tornado threat with the strongest of
    storms. The greatest severe threat could be in the vicinity of
    northern Mississippi, western Tennessee and far northwest Alabama,
    where some forecast soundings suggest the environment could support
    isolated supercell development.

    ..Broyles.. 03/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 17 19:29:29 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 171929
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 171928

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 PM CDT Mon Mar 17 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN EASTERN IL AND
    WESTERN IN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are possible across parts of eastern
    Illinois and western Indiana during the mid-afternoon to early
    evening Wednesday. Damaging winds should be the primary hazard.

    ...Eastern Corn Belt to the Deep South...
    In what is otherwise a favorable synoptic pattern for severe
    potential, low-level moisture quality is expected to be the primary
    limiting factor to greater coverage/intensity on Wednesday. At
    present, surface dew points have finally modified into the 40s to
    mid 50s along the immediate TX Coast, with upper 50s to low 60s in a
    ribbon offshore. There is above-average agreement that a broadening
    plume of mid 60s surface dew points should become established by
    Wednesday afternoon across the western half of the immediate Gulf
    Coast. A more narrow ribbon is expected northward with low 60s into
    the Lower MS Valley to low/mid 50s in the Wabash Valley.

    A 100-110 kt 500-mb jetlet should overspread the northern portion of
    the weak buoyancy plume from the Mid-South to Wabash Valley on
    Wednesday afternoon. Sustained convective development is expected by
    early to mid-afternoon within the left-exit region of this jet in
    IL, ahead of a deep (~990 mb) surface cyclone. Guidance does signal
    that low-level winds outside of the warm front may be somewhat
    veered, which would modulate hodograph curvature. Still, a few
    supercells that may congeal into a fast-moving cluster are possible,
    centered on the eastern IL to western IN vicinity from mid-afternoon
    to early evening. Strong to severe wind gusts may be the primary
    hazard, although some hail and tornado threat will be possible too.

    Given the weak MLCAPE, relatively warm temperatures aloft south of
    the mid-level jet may preclude sustained surface-based convective
    development until early evening. Rather veered low-level winds
    should further serve to marginalize the intensity/coverage of severe
    potential across the TN Valley/Deep South.

    ..Grams.. 03/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 18 07:08:21 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 180707
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180707

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0207 AM CDT Tue Mar 18 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm development will be possible on Thursday from parts of
    the Mid-Atlantic southward into eastern North Carolina. A severe
    threat is not expected.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A pre-frontal trough will move from the Appalachians to the Atlantic
    Coastal plains on Thursday, as an associated mid-level trough moves
    through the Ohio and Tennessee Valleys. Low-topped convection is
    forecast to develop near the pre-frontal trough in the afternoon.
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible along an axis of strong
    low-level flow from the Mid-Atlantic southward into eastern North
    Carolina, mainly during the mid to late afternoon. However, MUCAPE
    is forecast to remain below 200 J/kg along the instability axis,
    which should limit the severe potential.

    ..Broyles.. 03/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 18 19:15:39 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 181914
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 181913

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0213 PM CDT Tue Mar 18 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorm development will be possible on Thursday from parts of
    the Mid-Atlantic and northern Rockies. A severe threat is not
    expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    A progressive upper pattern will be in place over the CONUS on
    Thursday, with a mid-level trough impinging on the West Coast as
    another mid-level trough approaches the central Rockies and a third
    upper trough ejects into the Atlantic. Though the central U.S.
    trough will encourage strong lee troughing over the Plains, Gulf
    moisture will be scoured from the previous departing trough and
    associated surface cold front. Furthermore, surface high pressure
    will overspread much of the eastern and western CONUS. The net
    result will be widespread, stable conditions, with negligible
    thunderstorm potential over much of the U.S., with two exceptions.

    First, cold temperatures aloft and associated steep mid-level lapse
    rates accompanying the aforementioned Rockies upper trough will
    overspread portions of the northern Rockies, promoting enough lift
    and buoyancy (albeit scant) to support a couple of lightning
    flashes. Second, across the Mid Atlantic, just enough moisture to
    foster marginal buoyancy ahead of a surface trough/cold front will
    support isolated thunderstorm development before the cold front
    moves offshore.

    ..Squitieri.. 03/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 19 07:17:07 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 190717
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190715

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0215 AM CDT Wed Mar 19 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible on Friday across parts of
    the Pacific Northwest, but no severe threat is expected.

    ...DISCUSSION...
    A shortwave mid-level trough will move into the Pacific Northwest on
    Friday. Ahead of this feature, large-scale ascent and mid-level
    moisture may be sufficient for isolated thunderstorm development
    across parts of Washington, northern Oregon and northern Idaho. No
    severe threat is expected to develop.

    ..Broyles.. 03/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 19 18:54:15 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 191853
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 191852

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0152 PM CDT Wed Mar 19 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible on Friday across parts of
    the Pacific Northwest and the Midwest, but no severe threat is
    expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    A pronounced, coupled mid-level/surface trough will traverse the
    Midwest into the OH Valley as a mid-level impulse tracks from the
    Pacific Northwest to the northern Rockies on Friday. Some of the
    latest guidance depicts a plume of cooler temperatures aloft
    accompanying the Midwest/OH Valley mid-level trough, which may
    support a few lightning flashes over these regions Friday into
    Friday night. Likewise, cooler temperatures aloft will overspread
    portions of the Pacific Northwest into the northern Rockies as this
    mid-level trough passes overhead, perhaps resulting in enough
    buoyancy to support a few lightning flashes.

    ..Squitieri.. 03/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 20 07:30:25 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 200730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Thu Mar 20 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN AND CENTRAL PLAINS INTO THE OZARKS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An isolated severe threat, with potential for large hail, is
    expected Saturday night into early Sunday morning across parts of
    the southern and central Plains into the Ozarks.

    ...Southern and Central Plains/Ozarks...
    A mid-level trough will dig southeastward across the northern
    Rockies on Saturday and into the central Plains Saturday night.
    Moisture advection will take place during the day ahead of the
    trough across the southern Plains and Ozarks. By early Saturday
    evening, an axis of instability with surface dewpoints in the 50s F,
    is forecast from east Texas northward into eastern Oklahoma and
    southeastern Kansas. A cold front will advance quickly southeastward
    through the central Plains Saturday evening, as a 50 to 60 knot jet
    strengthens ahead of the front. Scattered thunderstorms are expected
    to develop late Saturday evening ahead of the front on the nose of
    the low-level jet. During the overnight period, convection is
    forecast to expand eastward from southeast Kansas across the Ozarks.
    Isolated thunderstorms may also develop further southwestward into
    northeast Oklahoma and northwest Arkansas.

    Forecast soundings from 06Z to 12Z on Sunday morning along the
    instability axis have a low-level temperature inversion below 850
    mb. Across parts of southeast Kansas and southwest Missouri, MUCAPE
    is forecast to be in the 1500 to 2000 J/kg range, with effective
    shear from 50 to 65 knots. In addition, 700-500 mb lapse rates are
    forecast to be around 7 C/km. This environment will likely support
    isolated supercells that are elevated, with potential for large
    hail. The greatest severe threat is expected to be after midnight,
    as the low-level jet consolidates over far northeast Oklahoma. The
    greatest severe threat is expected over southeast Kansas and
    south-central Missouri, where confidence is the greatest for
    convection initiation. Further to the southwest across parts of
    eastern Oklahoma and northwest Arkansas, convective initiation is
    more uncertain, suggesting that a severe threat there is more
    conditional.

    ..Broyles.. 03/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 20 19:11:57 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 201911
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 201911

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0211 PM CDT Thu Mar 20 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN PARTS OF
    MO...EASTERN OK/KS...AND NORTHWEST AR...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms, mainly from large hail, are possible
    on Saturday night in/near the Ozark Plateau.

    ...MO/OK/KS/AR...
    No change to the prior outlook of level 1-MRGL risk. Elevated severe
    hail remains possible Saturday evening into the overnight, with
    potential for a mesoscale area of level 2-SLGT in a future outlook.

    The next in a series of shortwave troughs progressing from the
    northern Rockies into the North-Central States will yield modified
    moisture recovery from the western Gulf, beneath an increasingly expansive/stout EML. The degree of moistening depicted in some
    models is questionable owing to predominately 20s/30s surface dew
    points at present along the TX Gulf Coast. Elevated buoyancy will
    likely remain weak with MUCAPE at/below 1000 J/kg. But strengthening
    forcing for ascent should support elevated thunderstorms as early as
    Saturday evening across the Ozark Plateau, increasing in coverage
    during the night.

    Within a predominately westerly mid to upper wind profile, given the
    geometry of the northern Great Plains shortwave trough, favorable
    speed shear should exist for at least a few elevated supercells. The potentially limited buoyancy and perhaps a more widespread
    cluster-type convective mode may modulate the overall
    coverage/intensity of the large hail threat. The southern extent of
    convective development may have a sharp cutoff beyond the Ozarks
    given the expected strength of the EML and neutral mid-level height
    change through 12Z Sunday.

    ..Grams.. 03/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 21 07:31:01 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 210730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Fri Mar 21 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHEASTERN
    TEXAS TO WESTERN TENNESSEE/CENTRAL AND NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Afternoon storms from western Tennessee southwestward to
    northeastern Texas may pose a risk for locally damaging winds and
    hail.

    ...Synopsis...
    A short-wave trough crossing the central/northern Plains is forecast
    to evolve into a closed low, that is then progged to drift eastward
    into the Upper Great Lakes region through the period. As this
    occurs, a surface low -- initially over the Minnesota vicinity --
    will become increasingly occluded, and likewise will drift eastward
    into the Upper Great Lakes.

    At the surface, a weak triple-point low is forecast to shift
    northeastward across the Mid Mississippi/Ohio Valleys through the
    day, while a cold front sags southward into western Kentucky/western Tennessee/Arkansas/Texas. By the end of the period, this front
    should extend from western Pennsylvania to the southern
    Appalachians, and then westward into Texas.

    ...East Texas to the Tennessee Valley...
    Daytime heating ahead of the cold front will combine with ample
    warm-sector dewpoints to support airmass destabilization.
    Mixed-layer CAPE ranging from around 500 J/kg in western Tennessee
    to 1500 J/kg or so into eastern Texas seems likely evolve, and
    should be sufficient to support development of scattered
    strong/locally severe storms. Updraft intensity will be aided by
    weakly veering/increasing flow with height through the mid
    troposphere, with shear sufficient for organized/rotating updrafts.
    While a tornado or two may be possible, greater risk appears to be
    hail and locally damaging wind gusts. This risk should peak through
    late afternoon, after which diurnal cooling/stabilization should
    result in a gradual decrease in storm intensity/severe potential.

    ..Goss.. 03/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 21 19:05:33 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 211905
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 211904

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0204 PM CDT Fri Mar 21 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF FAR
    NORTHEASTERN TEXAS INTO THE LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Afternoon storms from western Tennessee southwestward to
    northeastern Texas may pose a risk for severe wind and hail, though
    a tornado cannot be completely ruled out, especially over northern
    Mississippi.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will progress across the central CONUS as a
    surface cyclone drifts over the Great Lakes and an associated cold
    front sweeps across the OH Valley to Lower MS Valley regions on
    Sunday. Relatively rich low-level moisture will advect northeastward
    across the Lower MS Valley with the aid of a departing low-level
    jet, promoting enough buoyancy amid a sheared airmass to support
    scattered strong to severe thunderstorms.

    ...Lower MS Valley...
    As the surface cold front approaches the Lower MS/TN Valley regions
    Sunday afternoon, surface heating across the warm sector will
    support temperatures rising into the 70s F amid low to mid 60s F
    dewpoints. An EML is poised to overspread this warm/moist low-level
    airmass, boosting MLCAPE to 2000 J/kg in spots, but also introducing
    some convective inhibition within the 850-700 mb layer. Since
    stronger upper-level support will drift to the northeast with time,
    the primary forcing mechanism for convection will be low-level
    convergence associated with the surface cold front. Given 50 kts of
    effective bulk shear, multicells, supercells, and short line
    segments are the expected modes for any thunderstorms that can
    mature and become established. At least severe wind/hail will
    accompany these storms, assuming they do not become immediately
    undercut by the cold front.

    Tornado potential is somewhat less certain given aforementioned
    concerns with inhibition and an undercutting cold front. However,
    the trailing/residual portion of a southwesterly low-level jet will
    persist across northern MS by late Sunday afternoon/early evening,
    contributing to sizeable, curved low-level hodographs. If surface
    heating can overcome inhibition to support any sustained, robust
    convective updrafts appreciably ahead of the cold front, supercells
    could develop with a tornado threat. However, confidence in this
    scenario is low at this time.

    ..Squitieri.. 03/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 22 07:30:35 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 220730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Sat Mar 22 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM
    SOUTHEASTERN LOUISIANA EAST TO PARTS OF SOUTHERN GEORGIA AND THE
    FLORIDA PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong/possibly severe thunderstorms will be possible Monday
    afternoon, from southeastern Louisiana eastward to southern Georgia
    and the Florida Panhandle.

    ...Synopsis...
    An amplifying upper trough is forecast to move slowly eastward
    across the eastern U.S. Monday, with broad cyclonic flow to
    encompass the eastern 3/4 of the country by Tuesday morning.

    At the surface, an occluded low over the Lake Huron vicinity early,
    should weaken and drift northeastward toward/across the Ottawa
    Valley through the period. A trailing cold front is forecast to
    advance southeastward across the Southeast and Gulf Coast region,
    while lingering over, and eventually retreating northward across,
    Texas.

    ...Southeastern Louisiana eastward to southern Georgia and the
    Florida Panhandle...
    As the cold front shifts southward toward the Gulf Coast Monday, heating/destabilization should be sufficient in the vicinity of the
    boundary to support scattered thunderstorm development. Lapse rates
    are not forecast to be particularly steep, which will limit
    instability, and flow aloft is forecast to gradually weaken from
    west to east across the region with time as the upper trough shifts
    eastward. Still, ample CAPE/shear may remain present across the
    central Gulf Coast region and vicinity to support local risk for
    marginal hail and or strong wind gusts during mainly the afternoon
    hours.

    ..Goss.. 03/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 22 19:15:50 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 221915
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 221913

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0213 PM CDT Sat Mar 22 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTHEAST
    LOUISIANA INTO SOUTHWEST GEORGIA AND THE FLORIDA PANHANDLE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong/possibly severe thunderstorms will be possible Monday
    afternoon, from southeastern Louisiana eastward to southern Georgia
    and the Florida Panhandle.

    ...Southeast LA to southwest GA and the FL Panhandle...

    Isolated showers and thunderstorms may be going near a surface cold
    front across portions of the central Gulf Coast region Monday
    morning as remnants of overnight convection across the Lower MS and
    TN Valleys. As an upper trough continues to slowly shift east across
    the eastern U.S., deep layer southwesterly flow will gradually
    weaken from west to east through the day. Ample boundary layer
    moisture will be in place ahead of the southeastward progressing
    cold front. However, lapse rates are expected to remain modest
    through at least 700 mb, limiting stronger instability.
    Nevertheless, sufficient MLCAPE and shear will exist to support
    isolated strong storms capable of gusty winds and hail.

    ..Leitman.. 03/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 23 07:31:08 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 230731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Sun Mar 23 2025

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Risk for severe weather appears low at this time across the U.S. for
    Tuesday.

    ...Discussion...
    A western ridge/eastern trough pattern will generally prevail
    into/through the Day 3 period (Tuesday). Late in the period, height
    falls associated with an approaching eastern Pacific trough will
    begin affecting the Pacific Northwest region.

    Isolated thunderstorm development is conditionally possible during
    late afternoon over parts of North Texas near the remnant surface
    front, where a deeply mixed boundary layer topped by weak CAPE will
    exist. Gusty winds would be possible in this scenario. Greater
    storm development may occur farther west -- into the Texas Panhandle
    vicinity near/north of the front overnight, as the boundary layer
    cools and a low-level jet develops. While small hail would be
    possible as storms spread east-southeastward through the end of the
    period, CAPE should remain marginal enough to largely preclude risk
    for severe-caliber hail.

    ..Goss.. 03/23/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 23 19:03:45 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 231902
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 231900

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0200 PM CDT Sun Mar 23 2025

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Risk for severe weather appears low at this time across the U.S. on
    Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...

    An amplified upper pattern will persist on Tuesday, with an upper
    ridge over the West and an upper trough over the East. Toward the
    end of the period, an upper shortwave trough will approach the
    Pacific Northwest coast and isolated thunderstorms will be possible
    as cooling aloft allows for modest destabilization amid increasing southwesterly deep-layer flow.

    Isolated diurnal thunderstorm activity is also possible across
    portions of the FL Peninsula where strong heating and modest
    boundary layer moisture will support at least weak destabilization
    ahead of a southward sagging front. Large-scale ascent will be weak,
    limiting storm coverage, but some potential for locally gusty winds
    will be possible.

    Across the southern Plains, a surface front will stall in the
    vicinity of the TX Panhandle, eastward through the Red River Valley
    and ArkLaTex region. Daytime heating and boundary layer
    destabilization may be sufficient for a conditional risk of
    afternoon thunderstorm development. However, large-scale forcing
    will remain weak and some midlevel inhibition may preclude diurnal
    thunderstorm activity. Overnight, a modest low-level southwesterly
    jet will develop beneath increasing northwest flow aloft. Isolated thunderstorms may develop near the surface boundary. Some risk for
    isolated hail could accompany this activity, but confidence in this
    scenario is low, precluding severe probabilities at this time.

    ..Leitman.. 03/23/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 24 07:31:48 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 240731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Mon Mar 24 2025

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong/severe storms will be possible across portions of the
    Pacific Northwest on Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A slowly progressive upper pattern will persist across the U.S.
    Wednesday, as an eastern U.S. trough continues to advance slowly
    toward the Atlantic Coast. Upstream, ridging over the interior West
    will gradually expand into the Plains, while still farther upstream,
    a second upper trough over the eastern Pacific approaches the
    northwestern states.

    At the surface, the primary feature will be a cold front shifting
    into/across the Pacific Northwest, while the parent occluded low
    remains offshore through the period.

    ...Portions of the Northwest...
    As the eastern Pacific upper low nears the Pacific Northwest Coast,
    cold air aloft/steep mid-level lapse rates will overspread the area,
    atop low 50s surface dewpoints. This will combine with afternoon
    heating to support development of 500 to 1000 J/kg mixed-layer CAPE.

    Meanwhile, the approach of the upper system will also allow
    deep-layer south-southwesterly flow to increase across the area,
    allowing shear to become favorable for supporting organized updrafts
    -- potentially including a few rotating storms. As such, local risk
    for hail and/or damaging wind gusts may evolve during the afternoon
    and evening, spreading across parts of Washington and Oregon and
    possibly into western/northern Idaho by evening. While coverage of
    the stronger storms should remain rather sparse, the degree of risk
    appears to warrant introduction of 5%/MRGL risk across this area.

    ..Goss.. 03/24/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 24 19:23:50 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 241923
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 241922

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 PM CDT Mon Mar 24 2025

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN PARTS OF
    OR/WA/NORTHERN ID...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible across parts of the
    Pacific Northwest on Wednesday afternoon into the evening.

    ...Pacific Northwest...
    Synoptic pattern appears favorable for early-season severe
    potential. Largely maintained a broad level 1-MRGL risk with overall
    scenario supporting at least isolated severe-storm potential. Parts
    of the region, focused west of the Cascades and over eastern
    OR/southeast WA, may warrant a level 2-SLGT risk delineation in
    later outlooks.

    A vigorous shortwave trough is expected to approach the Pacific
    Northwest coast through the period. An intense mid-level jetlet,
    near 100 kts at 500 mb, ahead of the trough should overspread areas
    west of the Cascades by Wednesday evening. Near-record to record
    high temperatures are anticipated amid a preceding highly amplified
    mid/upper ridge shifting east. This should support areas of 500-1000
    J/kg MLCAPE by Wednesday afternoon. Despite a meridional deep-layer
    wind profile, the pronounced strengthening of flow should support
    potential for a few supercells west of the Cascades as MLCIN wanes
    by peak heating. Farther east, deep-layer shear will be
    progressively weaker and the boundary layer should be more deeply
    mixed. As such, potential exists for a thunderstorm cluster moving north-northeast across parts of eastern OR/southeast WA/northern ID
    during the late afternoon and evening. Strong to at least isolated
    severe gusts may be the primary threat in this latter regime.

    ..Grams.. 03/24/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 25 07:36:59 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 250736
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250736

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0236 AM CDT Tue Mar 25 2025

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE MID MISSOURI VALLEY AND MIDWEST...AND ACROSS PARTS OF WESTERN
    AND SOUTHERN TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong/severe storms will be possible Thursday from the Mid
    Missouri Valley into the Ohio Valley, and across parts of western
    and southern Texas.

    ...Synopsis...
    Deamplification of the upper pattern across the U.S. is expected
    Thursday, as an eastern U.S. trough departs into the Atlantic, and
    deamplifying eastern Pacific troughing shifts into the West.
    Meanwhile, a weak southern-stream trough is forecast to cross
    northern Mexico and the southern Plains through Friday morning.

    At the surface, a cold front is expected to advance across the
    Intermountain West, associated with the filling/occluded low off the
    Pacific Northwest coast. Meanwhile, a warm front is forecast to
    advance northward across the central U.S., and should extend from
    the northern Plains east-southeastward into the Ohio Valley by the
    end of the period.

    ...Portions of western and southern Texas, including the Rio Grande
    Valley...
    Afternoon heating will result in airmass destabilization across
    Texas, as cool air aloft associated with the southern-stream trough
    spreads across the region. While flow aloft will remain modest,
    ample CAPE suggests a few stronger storms will be possible, with
    risk for hail and gusty/damaging winds. Coverage of stronger
    convection should remain sparse, but enough to warrant introduction
    of 5%/MRGL risk for the afternoon and evening hours.

    ...Mid Missouri Valley across the Corn Belt...
    Low-level warm advection will be maximized near and north of a warm
    front advancing northward across the central CONUS. Sufficiently
    steep mid-level lapse rates will support ample elevated CAPE,
    resulting in a zone of strong storm potential from eastern Nebraska east-southeastward to Indiana. With west-northwesterly mid-level
    flow expected to average around 35 kt near the frontal zone,
    sufficient shear will exist to allow occasionally stronger storms to
    evolve -- a few capable of producing severe-caliber hail.

    ..Goss.. 03/25/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Mar 25 19:22:26 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 251922
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 251921

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 PM CDT Tue Mar 25 2025

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN PARTS OF THE
    CENTRAL STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible across south Texas into
    the Trans-Pecos from Thursday morning to evening, and over the Lower Missouri/Mid-Mississippi Valleys, mainly during the afternoon into
    Thursday night.

    ...South TX to the Trans-Pecos...
    Non-NAM guidance is fairly consistent with extensive deep convection
    ongoing across parts of south TX at 12Z Thursday, in association
    with a leading low-amplitude shortwave impulse. This suggests that
    one round of severe potential along the Lower TX Coast and Deep
    South TX may occur through late morning into midday before
    convection weakens/shifts offshore. In its wake, a period of
    stabilization, much more prominent than indicated by the 12Z NAM,
    appears likely. This may confine afternoon thunderstorm development
    to the higher terrain of the Trans-Pecos and northeast Mexico. But
    with weak mid-level troughing and potential for upstream
    low-amplitude impulses, recovery may occur by evening to yield
    renewed severe potential across the Rio Grande Valley.

    ...Lower MO/Mid-MS Valleys...
    Highly elevated, weak convection should be ongoing at 12Z Thursday
    across parts of IA to northern MO, downstream of the
    northward-advancing surface warm front. With elevated buoyancy
    gradually increasing, it is plausible a couple strong storms might
    develop along the southern periphery of this convective plume across
    the Mid-MO Valley into the afternoon. A more favorable thermodynamic environment is expected by late afternoon along the front in
    northeast KS. Renewed storm development may occur here, becoming
    likely downstream of a strengthening low-level jet Thursday evening.
    With potential for greater elevated buoyancy, especially west owing
    to steeper mid-level lapse rates within the upstream EML, severe
    hail will be possible. Forecast profiles suggest that shear within
    the lower half of the elevated parcels may be modest and this may
    support a predominant cluster mode that limits the threat.

    ..Grams.. 03/25/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 26 07:34:09 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 260733
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260732

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0232 AM CDT Wed Mar 26 2025

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE NEBRASK VICINITY...AND FROM EASTERN TEXAS TO THE LOWER
    MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong/severe storms may occur from parts of East Texas to the
    Lower Mississippi Valley, and also across portions of the Nebraska
    vicinity overnight.

    ...Eastern Texas to the Lower Mississippi Valley...
    Thunderstorms are forecast to be ongoing across eastern portions of
    the southern Plains, in conjunction with the slow-moving
    southern-stream trough crossing the area. As the trough continues
    moving slowly east-northeastward, daytime heating away from ongoing clouds/convection will allow the airmass to destabilize, supporting
    additional convective development.

    Mid-level flow will remain rather weak across the area. However,
    ahead of the low, moderate low-level southeasterlies veering to
    southwesterly through mid levels should result in shear sufficient
    for organized/weakly rotating storms. Convection will spread into Arkansas/Louisiana through the afternoon and evening, accompanied by
    the risk for locally gusty winds, and possibly a brief tornado or
    two, warrant inclusion of low (5%) severe-weather probability at
    this time.

    ...Nebraska vicinity...
    As a weak frontal low shifts eastward out of the central High Plains
    into western Kansas, in response to a short-wave trough crossing the
    Rockies, elevated storms seem fairly likely to develop in a zone of
    focused warm advection northeast of the low, across the Nebraska
    vicinity. Relatively steep lapse rates combined with moderate
    mid-level lapse rates/instability and moderate mid-level
    southwesterlies suggest potential for a few stronger storms to
    produce hail, during the overnight hours.

    ..Goss.. 03/26/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Mar 26 19:26:02 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 261925
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 261925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 PM CDT Wed Mar 26 2025

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN PARTS OF THE
    CENTRAL STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible across the western Gulf
    Coast States on Friday into Friday night, and from Nebraska into
    parts of the Upper Midwest on Friday evening/night.

    ...East/south TX and LA...
    A below-average confidence forecast is apparent with extensive
    preceding convection late D1 through D2 ahead of a low-amplitude
    shortwave trough drifting east-northeast across south TX.
    Moist-adiabatic thermodynamic profiles should be prevalent ahead of
    this trough on Friday. Surface-based destabilization will probably
    remain weak but occur within a rich western Gulf airmass. Moderate
    low-level shear may be adequate for brief tornado and localized
    damaging wind threats through the period. These should be focused in
    the first half of the period along the TX coastal plain before
    shifting more into LA on Friday afternoon and lingering along the LA
    coast through Friday night.

    ...NE to WI...
    Very steep mid-level lapse rates around 8.5-9 C/km will be prevalent
    within a stout EML atop a pronounced baroclinic zone from the Upper
    Midwest into the central High Plains. With potential for multiple, low-amplitude shortwave impulses migrating through the zonal flow
    regime along the international border and moving northeast across
    the central/southern Rockies, isolated to scattered convective
    development is anticipated by Friday evening/night. Most of this
    activity should tend to be elevated or become undercut as the
    baroclinic zone shifts southeast with a building surface ridge from
    the Canadian Prairies. Faster mid-level westerlies should occur
    across the southern MN to WI corridor, with stronger low-level mass
    response in NE. Setup should support an isolated large hail threat.

    ..Grams.. 03/26/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 27 07:38:12 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 270737
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270736

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0236 AM CDT Thu Mar 27 2025

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PORTIONS OF
    OKLAHOMA TO PARTS OF IOWA AND ILLINOIS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms developing Saturday evening may pose local risk for
    hail and potentially strong wind gusts.

    ...portions of Oklahoma northeastward into Iowa/Illinois...
    Substantial uncertainty exists regarding the forecast for Saturday
    across the central U.S. -- with models exhibiting notable
    differences with respect to evolution of the surface pattern.
    Additionally, the NAM in particular maintains strong capping across
    the warm sector, which will likely hinder convective development for
    much of the period -- and potentially limiting convective to being
    primarily elevated/nocturnal.

    At this time, it appears that a corridor for initial storm
    development will be over the eastern Kansas vicinity, as a cold
    front moves across the area trailing from a frontal wave/low
    shifting eastward across roughly the Kansas City area during the
    evening. Convection may evolve mainly to the cool side of this
    boundary as a strong south-southwesterly low-level jet develops,
    though a few at least nearly surface-based storms are expected.
    Though mid-level flow will not be particularly strong, shear will be
    sufficient for a few stronger storms to evolve -- aided by steep
    lapse rates aloft. Large hail will likely be the primary risk,
    though a strong gusty or two may also occur.

    Expect adjustments to the risk area and/or risk level, as greater
    certainty evolves with time in this complex scenario.

    ..Goss.. 03/27/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Mar 27 19:29:21 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 271928
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 271927

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 PM CDT Thu Mar 27 2025

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHERN OK
    TO NORTHERN MO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are possible from northern Oklahoma
    into the Lower Missouri Valley on Saturday evening/night. Large to
    very large hail could be the primary hazard, but severe gusts and a
    couple tornadoes may occur.

    ...Central States...
    Primary changes with this outlook are to add a level 2-SLGT risk and
    expand the level 1-MRGL along the dryline through TX.

    A broad negative-tilt mid/upper trough, with at least a few embedded
    shortwave impulses, will shift east from the West into the Central
    States by early Sunday. A northern/leading impulse will aid in
    cyclogenesis into Saturday evening over the Lower MO Valley. A
    southern/basal impulse will yield a separate cyclone over the
    eastern TX Panhandle/western OK border area. Boundary-layer moisture
    will be richer ahead of the southern cyclone beneath a stout EML.
    Guidance consensus suggests early evening thunderstorm development
    should occur along the northwest edge of the low to mid 60s surface
    dew point plume, centered on south-central KS/north-central OK.
    Additional storms will probably form northeastward along the front
    into the Lower MO Valley. The degree of convective coverage with
    southern extent is more nebulous, but there are signals for isolated
    cells as far south as the Edwards Plateau.

    Convection along much of the front northeast of OK should tend to
    grow upscale into clusters given the flow orientation relative to
    the boundary and initially moderate mid-level winds. A more
    favorable discrete supercell wind profile exists in OK, posing a
    conditional very large hail and tornado threat along this portion of
    the dryline Saturday evening.

    ..Grams.. 03/27/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 28 07:42:38 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 280741
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280740

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0240 AM CDT Fri Mar 28 2025

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM ILLINOIS/INDIANA/WESTERN OHIO SOUTHWESTWARD TO THE ARKANSAS/NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI VICINITY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A widespread/substantial severe-weather episode is forecast across
    an area centered on the Ohio/Mid and Lower Mississippi/Lower
    Missouri/Tennessee River Valleys. Very large hail, damaging winds,
    and strong tornadoes are expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    An evolving/slowly amplifying mid-level trough is forecast to shift
    slowly across the central U.S. Sunday. As this occurs, a deepening
    surface low will shift northeastward across the Upper Great Lakes
    region. A trailing cold front will sweep southeastward across the
    central U.S. as the low deepens/advances, and should extend from the
    Lower Great Lakes to the central Gulf Coast states by Monday
    morning.

    ...Lower Great Lakes to the Lower Mississippi and Tennessee
    Valleys...
    A broad/moist but initially capped airmass is forecast to expand
    across much of the eastern half of the U.S. Sunday, ahead of the
    advancing cold front. Daytime heating, and continued northward flux
    of low-level moisture will result in a moderate destabilization.

    Scattered storms may be ongoing across portions of Missouri
    northeastward to the Wisconsin area at the start of the period, and
    possibly in a more isolated manner southwestward into Texas. Local
    severe risk may accompany this early-day convection. The
    aforementioned destabilization that is expected should support
    renewed storm development near the advancing cold front -- initially
    from Illinois southwestward to East Texas, and then spreading eastward/expanding in coverage with time.

    Along with the favorable thermodynamic environment within which the
    storms will be evolving, highly favorable shear will also exist,
    with low-level southerly/southwesterly flow veering and increasing substantially with height yielding curved -- and then elongated --
    hodographs. Supercells are expected within this environment, and
    very large hail is expected given the cold air/steep lapse rates
    through the mid troposphere. Along with the hail risk, damaging
    wind gusts are expected -- particularly where upscale growth into
    bands occurs. Additionally, this setup appears very favorable for
    tornadoes, a few of which may be strong/potentially long-lived.

    Risk will spread eastward with time into the evening/overnight.
    Some diminishing of the risk should occur late into the upper Ohio
    Valley, but vigorous storms and all-hazards risk will likely
    continue through the end of the period across the Tennessee
    Valley/Gulf Coast states.

    ..Goss.. 03/28/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Mar 28 19:34:03 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 281932
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 281931

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 PM CDT Fri Mar 28 2025

    Valid 301200Z - 311200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR MUCH OF THE
    OHIO VALLEY INTO THE MID-SOUTH...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A widespread/substantial severe-weather episode is forecast across
    an area centered on the Ohio/Mid and Lower Mississippi/Lower
    Missouri/Tennessee River Valleys. Very large hail, damaging winds,
    and strong tornadoes are expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    A somewhat broad upper-level trough with nebulous structure will
    move from the Plains into the Upper Midwest on Sunday. An embedded
    shortwave trough will amplify within the broader trough. A surface
    low will move from Iowa into the Great Lakes region. A cold front
    will move southeastward into areas east of the Mississippi while
    dryline will be present in East Texas.

    ...Upper Midwest/Ohio Valley...
    Models indicate some potential for early morning thunderstorm
    activity. This activity will likely be tied to the surface
    low/low-level warm advection. Some severe risk may accompany these
    storms. The question then becomes how this activity will impact
    destabilization across parts of Illinois into Indiana/western Ohio.
    Wind fields will still support supercells capable of all hazards,
    but the overall magnitude of these threats will depend on the degree
    of surface heating that occurs.

    Much of the Ohio Valley vicinity itself appears that it will not be
    impacted directly by early morning convection. This will be a zone
    where a favorable overlap of surface heating and stronger low-level
    wind fields will exist. Though the cold front will be the initiating
    boundary, effective shear vectors are expected to be orthogonal to
    it. This should increase the potential for discrete storms and
    strong tornadoes in addition to large hail and severe gusts.

    ...Mid-South...
    Ahead of the southeastward moving cold front, dewpoints are expected
    to rise to the mid to potentially the upper 60s (the NAM being
    typically more aggressive in this regard). Given the presence of an
    elevated mixed layer, this region is expected to have little to no thunderstorms expected during the morning/early afternoon. Surface
    heating and increasing mid-level ascent should eventually erode the
    cap and allow storms to develop by mid/late afternoon. There is some
    indication that a pre-frontal trough/confluence zone may set up.
    Should this occur, the potential for discrete storms would increase
    along with the potential for a more concerning tornado risk.
    Low-level wind fields will likely be somewhat weaker in these areas
    given the southward displacement from the surface low. However,
    forecast soundings suggest low-level hodograph curvature will be
    more than sufficient, particularly beyond early evening. Even
    without pre-frontal discrete development, the greater surface
    heating expected in this region should allow for widespread severe
    storms along the cold front with a threat for large hail, widespread
    damaging winds, and QLCS tornadoes.

    ...East Texas/Sabine Valley...
    A dryline feature will serve as the focus for convection. Storms in
    this area would more than likely be discrete. Steep mid-level lapse
    rates and sufficient effective shear should promote supercells
    capable of large/very-large hail as well as severe gusts and
    tornadoes. Later in the period, the cold front will surge south and
    lead to upscale growth of what activity is ongoing at that time.

    ..Wendt.. 03/28/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 29 07:34:05 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 290731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Sat Mar 29 2025

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PORTIONS OF
    THE NORTHEAST TO THE CENTRAL GULF COAST/SOUTHEAST STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong/severe thunderstorms are forecast Monday from portions of the
    Northeast southwestwad to the central Gulf Coast region.

    ...Portions of New York and Pennsylvania south-southwestward to the
    central Gulf Coast...
    Showers and thunderstorms are expected to be ongoing along/ahead of
    a cold front just west of the Appalachians at the start of the
    period/Monday morning. Severe weather is likely to accompany some
    of the early-period convection. As the front advances across the
    higher terrain through the afternoon, some destabilization is
    expected -- modest across the Northeast, but more substantial with
    southward extent, from roughly Virginia southward. This will
    support an increase in storm coverage/intensity through the
    afternoon hours.

    Across northern portions of the outlook, the primary risk in the
    very modest CAPE environment will be locally damaging wind gusts.
    Farther south, an all-hazards risk is anticipated, including hail
    and potentially a few tornadoes. As is the case for Sunday, farther
    west, the NAM remains more bullish with respect to lapse rates/CAPE,
    and would support potentially greater than SLGT risk potential from
    roughly the Carolinas southwestward to Georgia and southern Alabama.
    However, uncertainty regarding pre-frontal clouds/convection across
    the Southeast early precludes inclusion of higher probabilities at
    this time.

    By evening, storms moving into southern New England should weaken,
    along with diminishing severe potential in part due to a cooler
    marine boundary layer. However, risk will likely continue through
    the evening farther south, until storms clear the middle and
    southern Atlantic coasts overnight.

    ..Goss.. 03/29/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Mar 29 19:30:54 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 291928
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 291927

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 PM CDT Sat Mar 29 2025

    Valid 311200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS A LARGE
    PART OF THE EASTERN U.S. INTO THE CENTRAL GULF COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong/severe thunderstorms are forecast Monday from portions of the
    Northeast southwestward to the central Gulf Coast region.

    ...Synopsis...
    A surface low is forecast to intensify as it moves northeastward
    from the Lower Great Lakes into southeast Canada through the day
    Monday morning in tandem with a leading shortwave trough. A trailing
    cold front is expected to push east/southeast into the upper OH
    River Valley and lower MS Valley/Southeast early Monday morning as a
    second low-amplitude wave traverses the eastern CONUS. Thunderstorm
    potential will be focused along this front as it continues to push
    into New England, the Mid-Atlantic, and into the southeast states
    through the late afternoon and evening hours.

    ...Central Gulf States...
    Strong to severe thunderstorms may be ongoing by 12z Monday as a
    squall line forced along the cold front continues to push southeast
    across MS and AL. A combination of rich low-level moisture ahead of
    the line, diurnal heating, strong low to mid-level flow, and broad
    scale ascent ahead of the secondary upper wave should help maintain
    convective intensity into the afternoon hours. A corridor of
    damaging/severe winds, and potentially embedded tornadoes, appears
    probable from central MS into AL and western GA.

    ...Central Appalachians...
    Thunderstorm development along the front is expected by early to
    mid-afternoon from the upper OH Valley southward into the
    Mid-Atlantic region. Returning moisture through the Carolinas
    northward into eastern PA/western NY, combined with mid-level lapse
    rates around 7 C/km, should support sufficient buoyancy for deep
    convection, though buoyancy values should diminish with northward
    extent across the central Appalachians. Moderate flow within the
    lowest few kilometers should support a damaging wind threat as
    convection matures along the front across the upper OH Valley.
    Further south, stronger ascent ahead of the secondary upper wave
    should promote better storm organization, including the potential
    for semi-discrete cells and/or organized linear segments.
    Medium-range guidance suggests low-level winds will strengthen
    across the Mid-Atlantic region as a weak secondary low deepens
    through late afternoon in the lee of the Appalachians, which may
    support an enlargement of the 0-3 km hodograph and a locally higher
    tornado threat across the Carolinas into VA.

    ..Moore.. 03/29/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 30 07:37:05 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 300733
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300732

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0232 AM CDT Sun Mar 30 2025

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE MID MISSOURI/MID MISSISSIPPI VALLEYS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are forecast to develop after dark from central
    and northeastern Kansas east-northeastward to northwestern Illinois,
    where large hail would be the main severe risk.

    ...Mid Missouri and mid Mississippi Valley, southward into Texas...
    Cyclonic flow aloft is forecast to amplify over the western U.S.
    Tuesday, as several short-wave features rotate through the flow. A prominent/initial wave is forecast to shift into the
    central/northern Plains overnight, evolving into a closed low over
    the South Dakota/Nebraska area. In response, a surface low over the
    central High Plains early in the day is forecast to deepen/shift
    northeastward into the Mid Missouri Valley area overnight. A
    trailing cold front will shift across the central and southern
    Plains through the second half of the period.

    Diurnal convection ahead of the advancing upper system, and
    attendant cold front, should remain largely suppressed through the
    day by stout capping. A dryline storm or two cannot be ruled out,
    and very limited/conditional potential for hail or a damaging gust
    may exist across southern Oklahoma south into central Texas.

    Greater risk will evolve overnight, mainly with elevated storms near
    and north of a warm front lifting across Kansas/Missouri. Large
    hail would be the primary risk in this area, with shear favoring
    supercells. While the NAM hinders convection south of Kansas
    through the period (due to maintenance of a capping inversion), both
    the GFS and ECMWF suggest that isolated storms may initiate along
    the cold front. While only MRGL risk will be included at this time,
    due to the conditional risk for surface-based/all-hazards risk
    should storms develop along the front, this will need to be
    reassessed in later outlooks with possible SLGT risk upgrade.

    ..Goss.. 03/30/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Mar 30 19:34:25 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 301931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 301930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Sun Mar 30 2025

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE CENTRAL/SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO IA/MO/IL...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible by late Tuesday afternoon
    across the central and southern Plains, with the severe threat
    expected to spread eastward Tuesday night. Large to very large hail,
    severe gusts, and a few tornadoes are all possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    The Slight Risk area has been expanded southward across parts of the
    central and southern Plains, for a conditional but potentially
    significant severe-weather threat that could develop into Tuesday
    evening and early Wednesday morning.

    ...Central and southern Plains into parts of the Midwest...
    A potent mid/upper-level trough will begin to influence the Great
    Plains and Midwest Tuesday into Tuesday night. A 100 kt 500-mb jet
    will emerge into the central Plains by early Wednesday morning, as a
    intense surface cyclone moves east across the central High Plains
    during the day, then northeastward Tuesday night. Richer low-level
    moisture will initially be confined to central/south TX, but will
    advance quickly northward during the day/evening in conjunction with
    a 50+ kt low-level jet. Moderate to locally strong buoyancy will be
    in place along/east of the dryline by early evening, though
    lingering CINH results in uncertainty regarding coverage of dryline development.

    At least isolated supercell development appears possible by early
    evening, across the central and perhaps southern Plains portion of
    the dryline, with very favorable deep-layer flow/shear supporting a
    risk of large to very large hail and severe gusts. Any supercells
    that persist through the evening could become increasingly tornadic,
    as boundary-layer moisture and low-level shear continue to increase.

    Regardless of dryline development through the evening, additional
    storm development will be possible along the cold front late Tuesday
    night into early Wednesday morning, which will spread eastward
    across the Plains and potentially approach the Ozarks. Questions
    remain regarding the mode of overnight convection and whether it can
    remain surface-based, but a conditional risk of all severe hazards
    could persist to the end of the period. Additional elevated storms
    may develop into parts of the Midwest overnight, with a threat of
    large hail and locally damaging gusts.

    ..Dean.. 03/30/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 31 07:42:08 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 310742
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 310741

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0241 AM CDT Mon Mar 31 2025

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE LOWER
    GREAT LAKES THROUGH THE MID MISSISSIPPI VALLEY AND THE ARKLATEX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An outbreak of severe storms is possible Wednesday and Wednesday
    night from the Lower Great Lakes, the Mid MS Valley and the
    ArkLaTex. Severe wind gusts, very large hail, and significant
    tornadoes are expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    A powerful, negative tilt, upper trough will move out of the Plains,
    over the Midwest and into the Great Lakes Wednesday. Accompanied by
    a 100+ kt jet streak, very strong forcing for ascent will overspread
    a large unstable warm sector from the Great Lakes, OH Valley and MS
    Valley. A strong cold front will sweep eastward with widespread to
    numerous thunderstorms expected.

    An outbreak of widespread severe storms including: significant
    tornadoes, severe wind gusts and very large hail is possible
    Wednesday and Wednesday night.

    ...Midwest to the lower Great Lakes and OH Valley...
    Early in the forecast period, one or more clusters of thunderstorms
    are likely to be ongoing across portions of KS/MO into the upper MS
    Valley. Very strong synoptic ascent at the exit region of the H5 jet
    may allow these storms to persist through the morning as the air
    mass downstream slowly destabilizes. Re-intensification is possible
    as storms move farther northeast into the lower Great Lakes by early
    to mid afternoon. Depending on the timing, these storms may also
    outrun the warm sector. This could limit the severe potential to
    points farther south if the airmass is unable to recover.
    Regardless, very strong effective shear (60-80 kt) and large
    hodographs would support organized storms capable of significant
    damaging winds, and a tornado risk.

    ...Mid MS Valley...
    Immediately southeast of the primary upper low track, more subtle
    forcing for ascent will overspread a rapidly moistening air mass
    across the Ozarks, eastern OK and the Mid MS Valley. The air mass
    will rapidly destabilize and become uncapped with MLCAPE of
    1500-2500 J/kg likely by mid to late morning. Storms are likely to
    form by midday as ascent overspreads a pre-frontal trough/diffuse
    dryline. Some boundary parallel flow is likely suggesting a mixed
    mode of cellular and bowing segments. However, the very strong
    troposphereic shear profiles, courtesy of a 50+ kt low-level jet,
    favor significant supercells as the primary storm mode. A secondary
    surface low will serve to further back low-level flow and expand
    very large hodographs from the late afternoon into the evening
    hours. Very large hail, significant tornadoes and damaging winds all
    appear likely. The severe threat will continue overnight with some
    upscale growth across the Mid MS/TN Valley within the broadly
    unstable air mass.

    Consideration was given to higher severe probabilities across parts
    of the Mid MS Valley for the potential for multiple long-lived
    significant supercells. However, confidence in the exact storm mode
    and location of maximum threat remains unclear given some potential
    for morning convection and model timing variance.

    ...ArkLaTX...
    Displaced south of the primary wave, forcing for ascent is somewhat
    weaker than farther north. Isolated to scattered convection is
    expected along the advancing Pacific front/surface trough from mid
    to late afternoon from northeast TX, into northern LA and southern
    AR. Upper 60s F dewpoints and elongated hodographs suggest
    supercells with all hazards will be possible as they spread east
    into the lower MS valley overnight.

    Later in the evening, a second round of convection may evolve near
    the Red River as low-level warm advection increases. The Pacific
    front should gradually lift north as a warm front, allowing some
    elevated thunderstorms to develop across southern OK and north TX.
    Moderate buoyancy and continued strong flow aloft would likely
    support a risk for hail.

    ..Lyons/Goss.. 03/31/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Mar 31 19:32:26 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 311931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 311930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Mon Mar 31 2025

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE GREAT
    LAKES INTO PARTS OF THE MID MS VALLEY AND ARKLATEX...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An outbreak of severe storms is possible Wednesday and Wednesday
    night across the Lower Great Lakes, Mid Mississippi Valley, and the
    ArkLaTex. Severe wind gusts, very large hail, and significant
    tornadoes are expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    No major changes have been made to the outlook, aside from
    tightening the gradient in severe probabilities across the southeast
    portion of the threat area. An outbreak of severe storms still
    appears possible, with a threat of significant tornadoes, widespread
    damaging winds, and hail. An upgrade remains very possible in
    subsequent outlooks for some portion of the Enhanced Risk area.

    A strong mid/upper-level trough and attendant surface cyclone will
    move northeastward across the upper Midwest and Great Lakes regions
    on Wednesday, as a powerful jet (80-120 kt at 500 mb) overspreads
    parts of Midwest and mid/upper MS Valleys. A cold front attendant to
    the cyclone will move eastward, with widespread strong to severe
    storms expected along/ahead of the front.

    ...Midwest to the Great Lakes and Ohio Valley...
    One or more clusters of storms will likely be ongoing Wednesday
    morning across parts of IA/MO/IL. An isolated severe threat may
    persist through the morning, with some intensification and/or
    redevelopment as convection spreads east-northeast in conjunction
    with the surface cyclone and cold front. The northward extent of
    substantial destabilization remains in question due to the influence
    of early convection, but very strong low-level and deep-layer shear
    will support a threat of damaging winds and tornadoes if
    surface-based storms can be sustained into the Great Lakes region
    during the afternoon and evening.

    ...Mid Mississippi Valley and vicinity...
    Substantial low-level moistening is expected from the ArkLaTex into
    the MS/OH Valleys during the day on Wednesday, aided by a
    persistently strong (40-60 kt) low-level jet. While the primary
    surface cyclone will become increasingly removed from this region
    with time, favorable low-level moisture transport and upper-level
    difluence will support widespread thunderstorms along/ahead of the
    front from IL southwestward into the ArkLaTex region.

    The environment will be quite favorable for tornadic supercells,
    with rich low-level moisture, very strong low-level and deep-layer
    shear, and at least moderate instability. There will be some
    potential for storm interactions and upscale growth given the
    likelihood of persistent deep convection within the prefrontal
    corridor, but significant tornadoes will be possible if any
    supercells can be sustained through the afternoon and evening.
    Otherwise, scattered to widespread damaging winds and large to very
    large hail will also be possible along/ahead of the front.

    With lingering uncertainty regarding the influence of early-day
    storms and potential for long-lived supercells within a corridor of
    widespread convection, no upgrade was made with this outlook.
    However, it remains very possible that a categorical upgrade will
    eventually be needed for some part of the region.

    ...Southern Plains into the ArkLaTex overnight...
    A broad mid/upper-level trough will remain in place across western
    CONUS through the period, and a low-amplitude shortwave may emerge
    from this trough late Wednesday night. The cold front will tend to
    slow down or stall across the southern Plains into the ArkLaTex,
    with renewed low-level jet development forecast into early Thursday
    morning. Redevelopment of storms late Wednesday night into Thursday
    morning is expected near and north of the front, with moderate to
    strong buoyancy and strong deep-layer shear still supportive of
    organized convection. A threat for hail and damaging wind gusts will
    accompany the overnight storms, and some tornado threat could evolve
    with storms in the vicinity of the surface boundary.

    ..Dean.. 03/31/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 1 07:33:05 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 010731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Tue Apr 01 2025

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM MUCH OF THE
    RED RIVER VALLEY TO THE MID MS AND OH VALLEYS INTO THE MID
    ATLANTIC...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A broad area of strong to severe storms is expected along a frontal
    zone from the ArkLaTex, Mid MS Valley to the OH/TN Valleys and the
    Mid Atlantic. Damaging gusts and hail are the primary risks, though
    a few tornadoes are possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    An elongated frontal zone, stretching from the Red River, to the Mid
    MS and OH Valleys and into the Mid Atlantic will serve as the
    primary focus for severe storms Thursday and Thursday night. Broad
    troughing and strong flow will support the potential for fairly wide
    coverage of strong to severe storms over a broad area.

    ...Red River to the Mid MS Valley...
    Along and south of the front, a rich low-level air mass (dewpoints
    in the upper 60s to low 70s F) will be in place with ample buoyancy.
    Strong shear will overspread a large area from eastern TX, across
    southern AR and into the Mid MS Valley much of the day. Mid-level
    lapse rates are not overly steep and capping is weak, with most
    guidance showing a broad area of potential convective coverage from
    continuous warm air advection through much of the period. Thus, it
    seems likely that several clusters of storms, possibly supercells,
    will likely develop near the front and gradually spread east
    northeast through the afternoon and evening hours. Deep-layer winds
    are strong indicating potential for hail, along with damaging gusts
    given the potential for numerous storm interactions. The risk for
    tornadoes is less clear, but given supercell wind profiles and
    fairly sizable low-level hodographs, some threat will likely exist.

    An additional severe risk is possible late Thursday into early
    Friday as the upper-level pattern amplifies. Strongly meridional
    flow will overspread the stalled front supporting a broad warm air
    advection regime across the southern Plains. Ample elevated buoyancy
    is expected overnight with a risk for hail and isolated damaging
    winds across central and north TX into southeastern OK.

    ...OH/TN Valleys into the Mid Atlantic...
    As the front sags southward and eventually stalls, strong mid-level
    flow will gradually align with the frontal zone across the OH Valley
    into the Mid Atlantic. While there remains considerable uncertainty
    on the presence of convection along and north of the front,
    plentiful moisture is likely to reside along and south of it.
    Several embedded mid-level perturbations may provide enough ascent
    for additional convective development through the day. Several
    clusters of strong to severe storms are possible along the front
    with a risk primarily for damaging winds, given the relatively poor
    mid-level lapse rates and veered low-level flow. The northern and
    eastward extent of the severe risk is low confidence, owing to model differences regarding the location and convective coverage along the
    stalled front.

    ..Lyons.. 04/01/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 1 19:28:21 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 011928
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 011927

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 PM CDT Tue Apr 01 2025

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE RED RIVER
    VALLEY TO MUCH OF THE MID-MS VALLEY AND THE MID-ATLANTIC....

    ...SUMMARY...
    A broad area of strong to severe storms is expected along a frontal
    zone from the ArkLaTex, Mid Mississippi Valley to the Ohio/Tennessee
    Valleys and the Mid Atlantic. Damaging gusts and hail are the
    primary risks, though a few tornadoes are possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    An elongated frontal zone, stretching from the Red River to the Mid
    MS and OH Valleys and into the Mid Atlantic, will serve as the
    primary focus for severe storms Thursday and Thursday night. Broad
    troughing and strong flow will support the potential for fairly wide
    coverage of strong to severe storms over a large area.

    ...Red River to the Mid-Mississippi Valley...
    Thunderstorms are likely to be ongoing across from the Ohio Valley
    to the Red River at the beginning of the period as a broad low-level
    jet interacts with a frontal zone. Some of this activity could be
    severe at the beginning of the period, especially near the Red
    River, where steeper lapse rates and stronger isentropic ascent is
    forecast. If this activity near the Red River can maintain along the instability gradient, it could materialize into an increasing severe
    threat into Arkansas perhaps as early as mid-morning. However, given
    the strength of the low-level jet, expect substantial precipitation
    in the morning across Arkansas which could limit eastward
    continuation of the early threat.

    However, regardless of how the morning activity evolves, there will
    likely be a corridor from the ArkLaTex to near Memphis where strong
    instability and strong shear will be present south of any ongoing
    thunderstorm activity. Maintenance of a low-level jet through the
    day should provide ample ascent for thunderstorm development.
    However, rising heights ahead of the deepening western CONUS trough
    do cast some doubt on convective coverage. In addition, a more
    robust cold pool could limit longevity of any storms within this
    better environment before moving into the rain-cooled air.

    ...OH/TN Valleys into the Mid Atlantic...
    As the front sags southward and eventually stalls, strong mid-level
    flow will gradually align with the frontal zone across the OH Valley
    into the Mid Atlantic. While there remains considerable uncertainty
    on the presence of convection along and north of the front,
    plentiful moisture is likely to reside along and south of it.
    Several embedded mid-level perturbations may provide enough ascent
    for additional convective development through the day. Several
    clusters of strong to severe storms are possible along the front
    with a risk primarily for damaging winds, given the relatively poor
    mid-level lapse rates and veered low-level flow. The northern and
    eastward extent of the severe risk is low confidence, owing to model differences regarding the location and convective coverage along the
    stalled front.

    ..Bentley.. 04/01/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 2 07:33:04 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 020731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Wed Apr 02 2025

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS...MID MS VALLEY...AND INTO THE OH VALLEY FRIDAY....

    ...SUMMARY...
    Several clusters of strong to severe storms are possible from the
    Rio Grande and Red River Valleys, through the ArkLaTex and into the
    lower OH Valley Friday and Friday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    Broad upper troughing over the western US will continue to deepen
    Friday into the weekend, as an upper low forms over northern Mexico.
    Flow aloft will become increasingly southerly over the southern
    Plains while it curves anticyclonically over the Mid South and
    eastern US. A rich pool of deep moisture will continue to reside
    along a quasi stationary frontal zone from the Red River to the OH
    Valley. Several clusters of strong to severe storms appear possible
    within the broadly favorable zone of weak ascent and large
    buoyancy/shear.

    ...Southern Plains into the ArkLaTex...
    A band of elevated storms is likely to be ongoing at the start of
    the period from central/northwestern TX into southern OK. Hail
    appears likely with this activity as it meanders along and north of
    the front. The risk for hail and damaging gusts should continue
    eastward as storms shift eastward through the day. Reinforced by
    this convection and increasing low-level cold advection, the front
    should begin to move southward early in the period, assuming a more
    north-south orientation.

    An elongated surface low should develop along the front backing
    low-level winds through the day. A band of storms will form near the
    front and spread east/northeast into the ArkLaTex into Friday
    evening. Strong southerly flow aloft and a 40-50 kt low-level jet
    may support a mixed convective mode with the potential for all
    hazards.

    ....MS/OH Valleys...
    Embedded within the amplified south/southwesterly flow aloft,
    several perturbations will track north along a well-defined inverted
    trough across the MS and lower OH valleys. A weak wave cyclone,
    associated with the upper jet max, will also shift north providing
    some focus for convective potential through the late afternoon and
    into the overnight hours as it draws deeper moisture northward into
    the OH Valley. Strong low-level warm advection of seasonably deep
    moisture will support moderate buoyancy along and south of the
    front. With weak ascent spread over much of the frontal zone,
    several clusters of strong to severe storms with the potential for
    damaging winds and a couple tornadoes appear likely.

    ..Lyons.. 04/02/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 2 19:29:19 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 021928
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 021927

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 PM CDT Wed Apr 02 2025

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE
    ARKLATEX TO THE MO BOOTHEEL...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Several clusters of strong to severe storms are possible from the
    Rio Grande and Red River Valleys, through the ArkLaTex and into the
    lower Ohio Valley Friday and Friday night. The greatest threat for
    large hail, damaging wind gusts, and tornadoes will be from the
    ArkLaTex to the Missouri Bootheel.

    ...Synopsis...
    Broad upper troughing over the western US will continue to deepen
    Friday into the weekend, as an upper low forms over northern Mexico.
    Flow aloft will become increasingly southerly over the southern
    Plains while it curves anticyclonically over the Mid South and
    eastern US. A rich pool of deep moisture will continue to reside
    along a quasi stationary frontal zone from the Red River to the OH
    Valley. Several clusters of strong to severe storms appear possible
    within the broadly favorable zone of weak ascent and large
    buoyancy/shear.

    ...ArkLaTex to the MO Bootheel...
    An unseasonably warm/moist airmass will be in place across East
    Texas and Louisiana Friday morning with mean mixing ratios of 15 to
    16 g/kg forecast. During the morning, the front will move north
    across Arkansas as a warm front with strong instability developing
    across much of the state by mid day. During the afternoon ascent
    will increase as height falls overspread the region, the low-level
    jet strengthens, and the influence of the left entrance region of
    the upper-level jet streak is realized. This should result in
    scattered thunderstorm development during the afternoon in an
    environment featuring 2500-3500 J/kg MLCAPE (per ECMWF forecast
    soundings). Storms will likely develop along the surface front
    during the early afternoon with greater uncertainty whether forcing
    will be sufficient enough for discrete development ahead of the
    front. Either way, the instability and 45-55 knots of effective
    shear should be sufficient for supercells capable of all hazards
    with eventual upscale growth and an increasing wind threat along the
    front. The strong tornado/very large hail threat will be more
    closely tied to the potential for maintenance of discrete supercells
    and due to these uncertainties, no hatched area has been added at
    this time.

    ...Ohio Valley...
    Additional severe thunderstorms are possible farther northeast in
    the Ohio Valley both during the day and into the overnight hours.
    Weaker instability and mid-level lapse rates, in addition to ongoing
    convection and cloud cover from Friday morning convection, casts
    uncertainties on a greater threat. However, sufficient instability
    and shear along the frontal zone should support at least some threat
    for isolated to scattered severe storms.

    ...Central Texas to northern and northeast Texas...
    Between 00Z and 06Z a mid-level jet streak is forecast to eject from
    northern Mexico into south-central Texas. As this occurs, a
    low-level jet will strengthen across south Texas into central Texas.
    Amid 3000+ J/kg MUCAPE, initially elevated supercells are expected
    to develop. As ascent continues to increase across the southern
    Plains, expect additional thunderstorm development Friday night with
    some severe threat persisting into Saturday morning. Eventually,
    these storms will likely become surface based given the rich
    moisture in place across East Texas. Moderate instability and strong
    low-level shear will support a threat for all severe hazards, but
    some relatively warm temperatures in the 850-700mb layer may limit a
    greater severe weather threat in the absence of diurnal
    destabilization.

    ..Bentley.. 04/02/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 3 07:31:55 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 030731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Thu Apr 03 2025

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    THE SABINE AND LOWER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms producing damaging winds and a few tornadoes are
    forecast Saturday from the Sabine Valley to the Tennessee Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Saturday, an upper trough with a meridional leading speed max
    will move across the southern Plains, with the wave ejecting into
    the mid MS Valley into Sunday morning. As the trough approaches,
    winds aloft will increase through the period, with 50-60 kt midlevel
    winds common into the lower MS and TN Valleys.

    At the surface, a front will stretch roughly from eastern TX into
    central AR, with the TX portion surging east as a cold front. The
    northeastward extension of this boundary may remain quasi-stationary
    through much of the day and evening prior to the surface wave
    developing. A very moist air mass will remain ahead of this front,
    with the 68 to 70 F dewpoints across eastern TX, LA, MS and southern
    AR. A broad fetch of 50+ kt southerly winds around 850 mb will help
    maintain the unstable warm sector, while also providing low-level
    shear for a tornado risk.

    ...Texas northeastward toward the Tennessee Valley...
    Widespread rain and storms will be ongoing from the Red River to the
    OH Valley, primarily north of the surface boundary and aided by
    low-level warm advection. With lengthy hodographs and over 1000 J/kg
    MUCAPE from TX into AR, some of those storms may produce hail.

    Depending on how much early day convection occurs, the effective
    AR/TN portion of the front may be farther south than forecast.
    However, the opposing southerly low-level jet and upstream pockets
    of heating should keep the front over AR and perhaps western
    TN/northern MS.

    Forecast soundings show moist and unstable profiles, though midlevel
    lapse rates will be a bit weaker than on the previous few days.
    However, shear will remain strong and favorable for both supercells
    and tornadoes. Storms will develop both along the cold front as it
    surges eastward, and along the boundary extending east/northeast
    into TN/KY, with highest tornado potential across the Enhanced Risk
    area, the bounds of which will likely be adjusted in later outlooks.

    ..Jewell.. 04/03/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 3 19:24:12 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 031924
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 031923

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 PM CDT Thu Apr 03 2025

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR EASTERN
    TEXAS TO WESTERN MISSISSIPPI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms producing damaging winds and a few tornadoes are
    forecast Saturday and Saturday night from the Sabine Valley to the
    Tennessee Valley.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level speed max across northern Mexico, rounding the base of a
    larger scale trough, will emerge and strengthen into a 100 knot jet
    streak across the southern Plains on Saturday. As this occurs, a
    closed surface low is forecast to develop somewhere near the
    ArkLatex Saturday afternoon/evening and move along the pre-existing
    frontal zone to northern Mississippi by Sunday morning. An
    unseasonably warm/moist airmass will be in place south of this front
    which will support potentially multiple rounds of severe storms on
    Saturday and Saturday night.

    ...Eastern Texas to the Mid-Mississippi Valley...
    A cluster of storms, emanating from initial elevated supercells
    across central Texas, will likely be ongoing at the beginning of the
    period across east Texas. The very moist airmass, featuring
    dewpoints in the low 70s, and the strong wind field, will likely
    support some severe threat from this activity through the morning as
    it moves east. Guidance remains unclear whether this convection will
    strengthen through the day and pose some severe weather threat (such
    as shown by the ECMWF), or if it weakens and moves into
    Arkansas/northern Mississippi and reinforces the baroclinic zone.
    The evolution of this morning activity will affect both the timing
    and the intensity of the severe weather threat as a more robust
    morning MCS through the warm sector would probably inhibit a greater
    supercell tornado threat later in the day with a much reduced
    available warm sector. Despite these uncertainties, an ejecting
    mid-level trough with a very strong jet streak, a developing surface
    low, and an unseasonably warm/moist airmass will support a
    significant severe weather threat on Saturday.

    ...Mid-Mississippi Valley to the Upper Ohio Valley...
    Mid 60s dewpoints are expected along and ahead of the cold front
    from northeast Arkansas to western Pennsylvania on Saturday morning.
    Expansive cloud cover will likely inhibit significant
    destabilization. However, weak instability associated with the moist
    airmass could support maintenance of a squall line along and south
    of the Ohio River and perhaps a few stronger, more cellular storms
    from eastern Ohio into western Pennsylvania.

    ..Bentley.. 04/03/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 4 07:24:20 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 040724
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040723

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 AM CDT Fri Apr 04 2025

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A wind-damage and isolated tornado threat will be likely on Sunday
    across parts of the Southeast and southern Appalachians. Marginally
    severe wind gusts will also be possible in parts of the southern
    Appalachians, Carolinas, and Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Southeast/Southern Appalachians...
    A mid-level trough will move slowly eastward across the central U.S.
    on Sunday, as an associated cold front advances eastward across the
    central Gulf Coast states and Tennessee Valley. Along and ahead of
    the front, a large MCS will be ongoing at the start of the period.
    This MCS will move eastward during the day. Ahead of the MCS,
    warming surface temperatures across a very moist airmass, and
    moderate deep-layer shear, will be favorable for isolated severe
    storms. Forecast soundings Sunday afternoon in the central Gulf
    Coast states near the instability axis have MLCAPE peaking in the
    1000 to 1500 J/kg range with 0-6 km shear near 40 knots. In
    addition, low-level lapse rates are forecast to steepen during the
    day. This should be favorable for isolated severe storms. Supercell
    development will be possible along or ahead of the line, mainly in
    areas where instability becomes the strongest. Bowing line segments
    will also be possible within the line itself. The primary threat is
    expected to be wind damage, but an isolated tornado threat will also
    be possible. The greatest severe potential appears likely to shift
    eastward from the central Gulf Coast states into Georgia and the
    eastern Florida Panhandle by early evening.

    ...Southern Appalachians/Carolinas/Mid-Atlantic...
    At the start of the period, a cold front is forecast to be located
    from the lower Ohio Valley into the central Appalachians. The
    northern end of a large MCS will likely be ongoing, with this
    convection moving eastward across the southern and central
    Appalachians during the day. Ahead of the MCS, weak instability is
    expected to develop. Forecast soundings ahead of the front have
    MLCAPE peaking in the 250 to 500 J/kg range by afternoon. In
    addition, a 90 to 100 knot mid-level jet streak is forecast to move
    across the Ohio Valley. This feature will create strong deep-layer
    shear profiles, favorable for an isolated severe threat. As
    low-level lapse rates gradually steepen ahead of the front, an
    isolated wind-damage threat should develop. This threat may persist
    through the afternoon, as a broken line of storms moves eastward
    into the Carolinas and Mid-Atlantic.

    ..Broyles.. 04/04/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 4 19:30:23 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 041930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 041929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 PM CDT Fri Apr 04 2025

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHEAST AND SOUTHERN APPALACHIANS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A wind-damage and isolated tornado threat will be likely on Sunday
    across parts of the Southeast and southern Appalachians. Marginally
    severe wind gusts will also be possible in parts of the southern
    Appalachians, Carolinas, and Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level jet streak will shift east from the ArkLaTex to the
    Appalachians during the day Sunday with some amplification of the
    broader scale mid-level trough by the end of the period. A surface
    front will also shift east through the period with a weak surface
    low forecast to move along this boundary from MS/AL Sunday morning
    to the Carolinas by Sunday night. A moist airmass will be in place
    ahead of this front which should result in some severe weather
    threat from southeast Mississippi to Georgia and the Florida
    Panhandle.

    ...Southeast/Southern Appalachians...
    A line of thunderstorms will be ongoing at the beginning of the
    period from eastern Tennessee to southeast Louisiana. Instability
    should be relatively weak ahead of this line Sunday morning except
    for where upper 60s to low 70s dewpoints remain. This will initially
    be from central Alabama southward and perhaps expanding into parts
    of northern Georgia during the afternoon. Expansive cloudcover in a
    moist/weak lapse rate environment should limit additional
    destabilization. However, there should be sufficient instability for maintaining ongoing convection, potentially with some embedded
    supercells. Severe wind gusts and a tornado or two will be the
    primary threat.

    ...Southern Appalachians/Carolinas/Mid-Atlantic...
    A large MCS will likely be ongoing west of the Appalachians at the
    beginning of the period. The combination of the terrain, and a drier
    airmass along and east of the Appalachians will likely result in
    this line of storms weakening on Sunday morning. Some moistening and
    at least marginal heating through the cloud cover could result in
    some weak destabilization east of the Appalachians. A few strong to
    isolated severe storms will be possible from the Carolinas into the Mid-Atlantic as a mid-level jet streak overspreads the region and
    the low-level jet intensifies.

    ..Bentley.. 04/04/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 5 07:11:36 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 050709
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050708

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0208 AM CDT Sat Apr 05 2025

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN ATLANTIC SEABOARD AND NORTHERN FLORIDA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A marginal wind-damage threat is expected to develop on Monday
    across parts of the southern Atlantic Seaboard into northern
    Florida.

    ...Southern Atlantic Seaboard/Northern Florida...
    A mid-level trough will move eastward across the Ohio and Tennessee
    Valleys on Monday, as a cold front advances eastward toward the
    southern Atlantic Seaboard and into northern Florida. Scattered
    thunderstorms will likely be ongoing near the front at the start of
    the period. Ahead of the front, surface dewpoints near 70 F will
    contribute to an unstable airmass. Model forecasts suggest that
    MLCAPE will peak around 1000 J/kg ahead of the front during the
    afternoon. In addition, the edge of a 500 mb jet streak will create
    moderate deep-layer shear along the front, which should be favorable
    for some storm organization. A line of strong thunderstorms is
    expected to develop by midday, as low-level convergence is
    maintained along and ahead of the front. Forecast soundings along
    this zone of convergence in the afternoon have 0-6 km shear in the
    40 to 50 knot range, and have some directional shear in the boundary
    layer. This should be enough for an isolated wind-damage threat.
    However, low-level lapse rates are forecast to remain poor
    throughout day due to abundant cloud cover and convective outflow.
    This should keep any severe threat that develops marginal.

    ..Broyles.. 04/05/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 5 18:58:43 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 051856
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 051855

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0155 PM CDT Sat Apr 05 2025

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHERN
    FLORIDA AND SOUTHERN GEORGIA INTO THE EASTERN CAROLINAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A marginal wind-damage threat is possible on Monday across parts of
    the southern Atlantic Seaboard into northern Florida.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A positive-tilt upper trough will sweep across the Southeast and Mid
    Atlantic on Monday with a cold front rapidly moving to the East
    Coast by 00Z. Widespread rain and thunderstorms will be ongoing
    throughout the period along the front, and a few strong gusts cannot
    be ruled out. Forecast soundings depict poor mid/upper lapse rates
    and weak instability ahead of the front. However, the combination of
    steepening low-level lapse rates/favorable time of day and moderate
    deep-layer mean winds may support sporadic strong wind gusts.

    ..Jewell.. 04/05/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 6 07:11:38 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 060711
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060710

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0210 AM CDT Sun Apr 06 2025

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    SOUTH FLORIDA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Marginally severe wind gusts will be possible on Tuesday along and
    ahead of the front across parts of south Florida.

    ...South Florida...
    A mid-level trough will move into the Northeast on Tuesday, as a
    cold front advances southward across the southern Florida Peninsula.
    Ahead of the front, surface dewpoints near 70 F will contribute to
    the development of moderate instability across parts of south
    Florida. Scattered thunderstorms are expected to form near and ahead
    the front during the morning, with storms moving southeastward
    across the southern Florida Peninsula. Forecast soundings in south
    Florida during the mid to late morning have 0-6 km shear near 30
    knots along with steep low-level lapse rates. This could be enough
    for marginally severe gusts with the stronger cells. Any severe
    threat that develops should end during the afternoon as the front
    moves southward over the water.

    ..Broyles.. 04/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 6 19:05:11 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 061903
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 061902

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0202 PM CDT Sun Apr 06 2025

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    EXTREME SOUTHERN FLORIDA AND THE KEYS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Marginally severe storms may occur Tuesday night over extreme
    southern Florida.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    On Tuesday, a deep upper trough will exist over the Great Lakes and
    Northeast, with a surface high spreading over much of the eastern
    CONUS and Gulf of America. To the south, a southern-stream wave will
    move across the Gulf and into FL overnight. Farther west, upper
    ridging will occur over the southwestern states, with progressive, low-amplitude shortwave trough affecting the northern Rockies and
    High Plains.

    ...Far southern FL...
    A plume of midlevel moisture will stretch from the eastern Gulf
    across FL for much of the day, with showers and scattered
    thunderstorms both ahead of and north of the southward-moving cold
    front. Forecast soundings reveal weak low-level winds, and marginal
    levels of instability due to poor lapse rates aloft. For these
    reasons severe storms are not forecast over most of FL.

    The exception may be overnight as the upper wave approaches. This
    may result in increasing low-level winds and shear, though still not
    strong. However, the increasing lift and moistening may result in a
    cluster or two of stronger storms, possibly affecting parts of the
    Keys or extreme southern FL with wind gust potential.

    ..Jewell.. 04/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 7 07:21:59 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 070720
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070719

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0219 AM CDT Mon Apr 07 2025

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible across portions of the the Middle
    Mississippi Valley and northern High Plains, though organized severe
    storms are not expected.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    An amplifying/intensifying midlevel trough will track southeastward
    from the northern Plains toward the Lower Ohio Valley through the
    period. A related surface cyclone will advance eastward from the
    central Plains to the Lower Great Lakes, while a trailing cold front
    moves eastward across the Lower/Middle Mississippi Valley. Ahead of
    the trough and surface cyclone, low-level moisture will be limited,
    though cold midlevel temperatures/steep midlevel lapse rates will
    result in weak instability. Given strengthening DCVA and low-level
    warm advection, isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms will be
    possible, with a focus over the Middle Mississippi Valley. Organized
    severe thunderstorms are not expected at this time.

    Farther west, steep deep-layer lapse rates will contribute to weak
    buoyancy over the northern High Plains, where ascent in the
    left-exit region of an upper jet will promote isolated
    thunderstorms.

    ..Weinman.. 04/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 7 19:13:47 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 071913
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 071912

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0212 PM CDT Mon Apr 07 2025

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Thunderstorms are possible across portions of the the Middle
    Mississippi Valley and northern High Plains, though severe storms
    are not expected.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    On Wednesday, an upper trough will dive southeastward from the
    northern Plains into the mid MS/OH Valleys, as an upper high builds
    over the West. High pressure will exist behind an exiting
    northeastern trough, and ahead of the Plains trough. As such, this
    system will interact with very limited moisture and instability.

    A plume of low-level lapse rates/heating will develop late in the
    day from KS into MO, toward an area of low pressure. This low will
    travel east toward IN by 12Z Thursday, with a strong cold front
    extending south into LA and MS by that time.

    Though only weakly unstable, thunderstorms are expected over parts
    of the mid MS Valley to the lower OH Valley. Forecast soundings
    depict a few hundred J/kg MUCAPE, with relatively dry sub-cloud
    layers and strong shear. While strong gusts cannot be ruled out with
    some of the convection, the overall threat appears low.

    ..Jewell.. 04/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 8 07:19:19 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 080719
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080718

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 AM CDT Tue Apr 08 2025

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE TENNESSEE VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms capable of producing large hail and locally
    damaging gusts will be possible across portions of the Tennessee
    Valley on Thursday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    A positively tilted large-scale trough and accompanying midlevel
    speed maximum will move southeastward from the Middle/Upper MS
    Valley to the southern Appalachians through the period. At the same
    time, a weak surface low will drift east-southeastward from the
    Midwest into the central Appalachians, while a related cold front
    overspreads the TN Valley during the afternoon/evening.

    ...Tennessee Valley...
    Aided by strengthening DCVA in the left-exit region of the midlevel
    jet, isolated to widely scattered thunderstorms are expected along
    the cold front as it moves southeastward across the TN Valley during
    the afternoon and evening hours. Beneath steepening midlevel lapse
    rates, diurnal heating of a partially modified Gulf air mass will
    yield upwards of 1000 J/kg MUCAPE along the front. Despite the
    somewhat marginal buoyancy, 50-60 kt of effective shear
    (characterized by a long/straight hodograph) will support a few organized/rotating storms -- both ahead of and behind the
    southward-moving front. Weak/veered low-level flow will generally
    limit the strength of forcing along the front, which should favor a semi-discrete mode and the potential for large hail and locally
    damaging gusts.

    ..Weinman.. 04/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 8 19:09:21 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 081908
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 081907

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0207 PM CDT Tue Apr 08 2025

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE LOWER
    OHIO VALLEY...MID-MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...AND INTO THE MID-SOUTH...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms capable of producing large hail and locally
    damaging gusts will be possible from the Lower Ohio River Valley to
    the Mid-Mississippi Valley and the Mid-South.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    A mid-level trough will amplify across the eastern CONUS on Thursday
    with very cold mid-level temperatures (-22 to -26C at 500mb)
    expected from the Great Lakes to the Mid-South. These cold
    temperatures aloft will result in steep mid-level lapse rates which
    will support weak to potentially moderate instability by
    early-afternoon. Unidirectional flow, strengthening with height,
    will support storm organization including updraft rotation. Overall,
    the dry airmass, and thus relatively weak instability, should limit
    a greater threat. However, cold temperatures aloft and forecast
    soundings showing a deeply mixed boundary layer will support the
    potential for some large hail and damaging wind gusts.

    The greatest threat for stronger supercells will exist along the
    cold front during peak heating (likely eastern Arkansas to northern
    Alabama and southern Tennessee) where better moisture/instability
    should be present. Despite a drier airmass farther north and east,
    the coldest air aloft will advect over this region and could support
    a threat as far northeast as far southern Ohio.

    ..Bentley.. 04/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 9 07:16:56 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 090716
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090716

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0216 AM CDT Wed Apr 09 2025

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple strong to severe storms will be possible across parts of
    eastern North Carolina on Friday. Primary concerns will be isolated
    severe hail and locally damaging wind gusts.

    ...Eastern North Carolina...
    Within the base of an amplified large-scale trough moving slowly
    eastward across the Appalachians, the left-exit region of a
    cyclonically curved midlevel jet streak will overspread the coastal Mid-Atlantic states on Friday morning/afternoon. At the same time, a
    related surface low, initially over western/central NC, will move
    slowly eastward through the day. Showers/thunderstorms will likely
    be ongoing ahead of the surface low on Friday morning, and related
    cloud coverage will tend to limit diurnal heating into the
    afternoon. However, lower/middle 50s F dewpoints beneath cold
    midlevel temperatures/modest midlevel lapse rates will contribute to
    sufficient surface-based instability for a couple strong to severe
    storms through the afternoon -- given around 40 kt of effective
    shear. Isolated severe hail and locally damaging gusts will be
    possible with any organized thunderstorms that develop.

    The spatial extent of the severe risk will be modulated by the
    timing of the midlevel jet and placement of the surface low, and if
    the faster solutions (such as the NAM) play out, the severe risk
    will be confined to the immediate coastal areas or even offshore.

    ..Weinman.. 04/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 9 19:12:29 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 091912
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 091911

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0211 PM CDT Wed Apr 09 2025

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    EASTERN CAROLINAS AND FAR SOUTHEAST VIRGINIA....

    ...SUMMARY...
    A couple strong to severe storms will be possible from the eastern
    Carolinas into southeast Virginia on Friday. Primary concerns will
    be isolated severe hail and locally damaging wind gusts.

    ...Discussion...
    A strong mid-level jet streak will round the base of the trough on
    Friday morning resulting in a deepening, negatively tilted mid-level
    shortwave trough across the southern Appalachians. As a result, a
    surface low will deepen across the central Carolinas Friday morning.
    As this occurs, upper 50s to low 60s dewpoints over the Gulf Stream
    will advect inland across eastern South Carolina and North Carolina
    and perhaps far as southeast Virginia. Cooling temperatures aloft
    and steepening mid-level lapse rates will aid in destabilization
    Friday morning. If some surface heating can occur and allow for a
    zone of greater instability (1000+ J/kg MLCAPE) to develop, a slight
    risk may be needed. The most favorable zone at this time extends
    from northeast South Carolina into eastern North Carolina where cloudcover/stabilizing rainfall is less likely.

    There is still some uncertainty regarding the timing and location of
    the mid-level jet max and as a result, the location of the surface
    low. These differences are only 50 to 100 miles, but given how close
    the threat is to the coast, this could have a significant impact on
    inland destabilization and thus the potential for a corridor of
    greater severe risk. This, combined with cloudcover/ongoing
    convective concerns mentioned above, preclude higher probabilities
    at this time.

    ..Bentley.. 04/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 10 06:55:01 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 100654
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100654

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0154 AM CDT Thu Apr 10 2025

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Saturday or Saturday night.

    ...Central Rockies to the Upper Midwest...
    A mid-level ridge from the southern High Plains to the Upper Midwest
    at 12Z Saturday morning will shift east and gradually dampen, as a
    shortwave trough progresses across the northern Rockies and into MT
    through early Sunday. Large-scale ascent will strengthen near peak
    diurnal heating across parts of the central Rockies to the Black
    Hills. With only scant buoyancy, isolated/short-lived thunderstorms
    are anticipated amid scattered high-based/low-topped showers. Where
    deeply mixed thermodynamic profiles exist in eastern WY and western
    SD, a very isolated strong gust will be possible.

    Strengthening of the Great Plains LLJ on Saturday night should
    eventually yield isolated thunder potential across the Mid-MO Valley
    into the Upper Midwest. With poor-quality moisture return relative
    to the EML, uninhibited parcels may be rather elevated. The threat
    for severe hail overnight in this setup appears low.

    ..Grams.. 04/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 10 19:31:33 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 101931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 101930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Thu Apr 10 2025

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Saturday or Saturday night.

    ...Central Rockies to the Upper Midwest...
    A mid-level ridge will deamplify through the day on Saturday as a
    mid-level shortwave trough progresses out of the northern Rockies
    into the northern Plains. Large-scale ascent will strengthen near
    peak diurnal heating across parts of the central Rockies to the
    Black Hills. With limited buoyancy, isolated/short-lived
    thunderstorms are anticipated amid scattered high-based/low-topped
    showers. Where deeply mixed thermodynamic profiles exist in eastern
    WY and western SD, isolated strong wind gusts are possible.

    As the low-level jet strengthens across the central Plains on
    Saturday night, sufficient elevated instability could support some thunderstorms across the Mid-Missouri Valley into the Upper Midwest.
    Limited moisture/instability should limit any large hail threat from
    this activity.

    ..Bentley.. 04/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 11 07:19:06 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 110719
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110718

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 AM CDT Fri Apr 11 2025

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Sunday or Sunday night.

    ...Upper MS Valley/Great Lakes...
    A shortwave trough over the northern High Plains on Sunday morning
    is expected to amplify as it moves east into the northern Upper
    Midwest. This will maintain a deep surface cyclone from the central
    Great Plains into the Upper Great Lakes. Guidance has above-average
    spread across latest runs and poor run-to-run continuity on
    placement of the cyclone Sunday afternoon. This will be crucial to
    identifying a mesoscale corridor of surface-based severe threat,
    given initially poor quality boundary-layer moisture relative to a
    pronounced EML. The slower guidance with more northern
    destabilization suggests that low-end severe potential is plausible
    across a portion of the Upper MS Valley. Otherwise, rounds of
    elevated convection are anticipated through the period within a
    broad but persistent low-level warm theta-e advection regime.
    Buoyancy should remain weak and be a limiting factor for large hail.


    ...CO/KS...
    Atop an intensifying surface ridge nosing down the High Plains, a
    favorably diffluent upper-level flow regime will become prevalent by
    late afternoon Sunday and persist into Sunday night. This should
    support a corridor of convection from CO into KS, that becomes
    increasingly elevated given the undercutting surface front. Guidance
    has above-average spread on the latitudinal extent of where
    convection should form, yielding a broad low-probability thunder
    area in this forecast.

    ..Grams.. 04/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 11 08:23:07 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 110823
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110822

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0322 AM CDT Fri Apr 11 2025

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    CORRECTED FOR GRAPHIC

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Sunday or Sunday night.

    ...Upper MS Valley/Great Lakes...
    A shortwave trough over the northern High Plains on Sunday morning
    is expected to amplify as it moves east into the northern Upper
    Midwest. This will maintain a deep surface cyclone from the central
    Great Plains into the Upper Great Lakes. Guidance has above-average
    spread across latest runs and poor run-to-run continuity on
    placement of the cyclone Sunday afternoon. This will be crucial to
    identifying a mesoscale corridor of surface-based severe threat,
    given initially poor quality boundary-layer moisture relative to a
    pronounced EML. The slower guidance with more northern
    destabilization suggests that low-end severe potential is plausible
    across a portion of the Upper MS Valley. Otherwise, rounds of
    elevated convection are anticipated through the period within a
    broad but persistent low-level warm theta-e advection regime.
    Buoyancy should remain weak and be a limiting factor for large hail.

    ...CO/KS...
    Atop an intensifying surface ridge nosing down the High Plains, a
    favorably diffluent upper-level flow regime will become prevalent by
    late afternoon Sunday and persist into Sunday night. This should
    support a corridor of convection from CO into KS, that becomes
    increasingly elevated given the undercutting surface front. Guidance
    has above-average spread on the latitudinal extent of where
    convection should form, yielding a broad low-probability thunder
    area in this forecast.

    ..Grams.. 04/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 11 19:22:38 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 111922
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 111921

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 PM CDT Fri Apr 11 2025

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not expected on Sunday or Sunday night.

    ...Upper MS Valley/Great Lakes...
    A mid-level shortwave trough across the northern Plains will amplify
    as it moves into the Upper Midwest on Sunday. At the surface, an
    area of low pressure will move generally from the central Plains
    into the northern Great Lakes. A cold front will extend from this
    surface low south and then southwest to the central Plains. Ahead of
    this front, upper 50s to perhaps low 60s dewpoints are forecast
    which should be result in weak surface based instability Sunday
    afternoon. Guidance varies on the position of the surface low and destabilization ahead of the front. Long/straight hodographs within
    the cloud bearing layer should support some storm organization and
    the potential for some strong to locally severe storms. However,
    strong capping is forecast ahead of the front with thunderstorm
    potential mostly confined near the surface low. Destabilization
    should also be more limited farther north. Therefore, a narrow
    corridor of an uncapped warm sector with sufficient destabilization
    and shear for an isolated severe weather threat may exist, but is
    unclear if/where this may occur at this time.

    ...CO/KS...
    A few thunderstorms are possible along and north of a cold front
    across eastern Colorado and into western Kansas as a shortwave
    trough transits the central Rockies. Moisture/instability is
    expected to be limited which should keep any thunderstorm potential
    isolated.

    ..Bentley.. 04/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 12 07:22:11 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 120722
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120721

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 AM CDT Sat Apr 12 2025

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE UPPER OH
    VALLEY AND CENTRAL APPALACHIANS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are possible on Monday afternoon and
    evening across parts of the Upper Ohio Valley and central
    Appalachians.

    ...Synopsis...
    A shortwave trough will further amplify over the Upper Great Lakes
    eastward towards the Ottawa Valley through early Tuesday. In its
    wake, a separate shortwave impulse and attendant mid-level jetlet
    will dive southeast across the northern Great Plains towards the
    Lower OH Valley. This will yield a broadening upper trough from the north-central into the eastern CONUS. At the surface, the lead wave
    will foster a near 990-mb cyclone tracking from Lake Superior to the
    ON/QC border. A cold front will arc south across the Lower Great
    Lakes and then southwestward through the Mid-South by late Monday.

    ...OH Valley to the Mid-Atlantic States...
    A high shear-low CAPE setup is anticipated on Monday afternoon and
    evening, despite the presence of an expanding EML across the region.
    Poleward moisture quality beneath the EML should remain sub-optimal,
    but will be improved relative to prior days. The drier spectrum of
    guidance appears more reasonable with mid to perhaps upper 50s
    surface dew points advecting as far northeast as the Upper OH
    Valley, ahead of the surface cold front.

    Guidance is reasonably consistent that at least isolated
    thunderstorms should develop in early to mid-afternoon across the
    Central OH Valley vicinity as mid-level height falls overspread the
    confined but destabilizing warm/moist sector. With already strong
    700-500 mb southwesterlies strengthening further, fast-moving/highly
    sheared convection is anticipated. Despite veered surface winds,
    low-level hodograph curvature should be moderately enlarged. This
    setup may yield a few supercells that consolidate into a cluster
    spreading east across the central Appalachians. A couple tornadoes
    and damaging winds appear to be the primary hazards. East of the
    higher terrain, remnant steep low-level lapse rates may support a
    threat for isolated damaging gusts given the strong wind fields,
    before convection becomes increasingly elevated Monday night.

    ..Grams.. 04/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 12 19:31:26 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 121931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 121930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Sat Apr 12 2025

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF
    NORTHERN KENTUCKY INTO SOUTHERN OHIO...SOUTHWEST PENNSYLVANIA...AND
    WEST VIRGINIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered storms, a few severe, are possible on Monday afternoon and
    evening across parts of the Upper Ohio Valley and central
    Appalachians.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low will deepen as it moves eastward across the Great Lakes
    on Monday, with a leading speed max moving across the OH Valley
    during the day and a secondary stronger wave arriving overnight.

    At the surface, low pressure will deepen from Lake Superior into
    southwest Quebec, with a cold front extending southwestward across
    OH and into the OH Valley during the day. Just off the surface, 850
    mb winds will be veered to westerly, with speeds increasing to
    around 40 kt with the cold front passage.

    High pressure will maintain dry conditions over much of the
    Southeast, but a narrow plume of mid 50s F dewpoints will develop
    ahead of the cold front. Midlevel moistening with the lead wave will
    shift east from MO across IL, IN, OH and northern KY during the day.

    ...Northern KY into OH, WV, PA, MD...
    Increasing midlevel moisture, as well as low-level moisture
    advection will lead to gradual destabilization, but also perhaps
    reduced daytime heating ahead of the cold front. Forecast soundings
    from several models indicate relatively poor lapse rates below 700
    mb with a relative warm nose at that level. Midlevel cooling will
    still result in 500-1000 J/kg MUCAPE, likely elevated instability
    over northern areas. That said, increasing mean boundary-layer wind
    speeds near the front and potential for pockets of stronger
    instability/heating could still yield strong to severe gusts, and,
    marginal hail as hodographs will be long.

    ..Jewell.. 04/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 13 07:28:18 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 130728
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Sun Apr 13 2025

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not forecast on Tuesday.

    ...Eastern NC...
    Timing of surface cold front passage Tuesday late morning to
    afternoon remains crucial as to whether thunderstorms can form and
    intensify over land, before becoming entirely confined off the
    coast. Guidance, except for the UKMET, has generally been trending
    towards a slightly faster frontal passage over the past couple days.
    This suggests the window of opportunity for sustained severe
    development should be rather limited. Conditionally, strong wind
    profiles support potential for an organized storm or two around
    early afternoon. For now, have opted to defer on possible level
    1-MRGL risk.

    ...Southwest...
    Isolated thunderstorms will be possible downstream of a
    low-amplitude shortwave impulse moving northeast from the Lower CO
    Valley, and a separate trough off the CA coast. Meager buoyancy and
    weak deep-layer shear will minimize severe potential.

    ..Grams.. 04/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 13 19:09:18 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 131908
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 131907

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0207 PM CDT Sun Apr 13 2025

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not forecast on Tuesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A large upper trough will move rapidly eastward from the Great Lakes
    and OH Valley into the Mid Atlantic and Northeast, with a surface
    high pushing into the lower MS Valley and Southeast. The drying
    behind this system will significantly reduce thunderstorm chances
    over much of the CONUS on Tuesday.

    A very low chance of early day convection may exist over far eastern
    NC, and over eastern New England as elevated moisture wraps
    northwestward toward the low. Elsewhere, isolated general
    thunderstorms may occur during the afternoon over the Sierra, and
    into parts of western CO in association with midlevel moisture and
    cool temperatures aloft.

    ..Jewell.. 04/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 14 07:19:24 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 140719
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140718

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 AM CDT Mon Apr 14 2025

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not forecast through Wednesday night.

    ...West to Central States...
    A broad swath of predominately isolated thunder is anticipated
    starting Wednesday afternoon and persisting into early morning
    Thursday. A northern-stream shortwave trough is expected to dig
    southward from the Canadian Rockies into the northern Intermountain
    West. A southern-stream, lower-amplitude shortwave trough should
    drift towards the southern CA coast. Downstream lee cyclogenesis
    should occur over the central High Plains by Wednesday night, with
    modified moisture return from the western Gulf Coast northward.

    In the West, buoyancy will be scant outside of CA. But the
    strengthening large-scale ascent ahead of/within the developing
    longwave trough should support isolated thunderstorms, peaking in
    the late afternoon. Across the central Great Plains vicinity,
    surface-based storm development appears unlikely given the initially low-quality moisture return beneath a stout EML. A corridor of
    elevated thunder may be realized by Wednesday night, as a low-level
    jet strengthens from west TX to KS. Guidance does differ on
    amplitude of this strengthening, and has fairly large spread in
    if/where elevated convection is sustained early morning Thursday.

    ..Grams.. 04/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 14 19:22:04 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 141921
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 141920

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 PM CDT Mon Apr 14 2025

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are not forecast through Wednesday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    A broad area of isolated to scattered thunderstorms are expected
    across portions of the West into the northern Rockies and central
    Plains. This is in response to forcing for ascent increasing with a
    broad area of enhanced mid-level flow rounding the western US
    trough. Largely, thunderstorms will be disorganized and sub-severe,
    owing to poor moisture and weak shear profiles.

    ...Central Plains...
    Large scale ascent will lead to potential for initial isolated to
    scattered thunderstorm development across portions of the central
    Plains Wednesday afternoon. This will remain sub-severe given
    marginal moisture profiles and presence of a strong EML.

    As west to southwesterly mid-level flow overspreads the Rockies, lee cyclogenesis is expected to occur Wednesday evening. This will
    result in mass response with an increase in the southerly low-level
    jet across the southern/central Plains by late evening into the
    early morning Thursday. Return of more appreciable moisture will
    spread into portions of eastern Kansas. Convective potential will be
    tempered by a strong EML and better forcing remaining to the north
    of this region. However, should elevated thunderstorm development
    occur, some conditional risk for large hail would be possible. Given uncertainty in convective initiation, no areas were included with
    this outlook.

    ..Thornton/Leitman.. 04/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 15 07:23:00 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 150722
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150721

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 AM CDT Tue Apr 15 2025

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN IA/NORTHERN
    MO/EASTERN NE...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms, with a primary threat of large hail,
    are possible on Thursday evening/night, centered on eastern
    Nebraska, northern Missouri, and Iowa.

    ...Synopsis...
    A longwave trough, consisting of multiple embedded shortwave
    impulses, will become established from the southern Prairie
    Provinces across the West to off the Baja CA coast. Peak surface
    cyclone amplitude is expected over western KS on Thursday afternoon,
    with a surface trough/baroclinic zone extending north-northeast into
    MN. A dryline will arc across eastern KS into the southern Great
    Plains. The cyclone will fill as it tracks east-northeast along the
    baroclinic zone towards the MO/IA border area Thursday night.

    ...IA/MO/NE...
    Along the leading edge of a stout EML and effective 700-mb warm
    front, isolated to scattered elevated convection should be ongoing
    at 12Z Thursday across parts of the Lower MO Valley. This activity
    may persist eastward through the morning and pose a threat for
    isolated severe hail. Neutral mid-level height change is anticipated
    in its wake, likely confining early evening surface-based storm
    potential to immediately downstream of the triple-point region in
    the KS/NE/MO/IA border area. While the spatial extent of MLCIN away
    from the dryline is a concern, another day of modifying moisture
    return northward from the western Gulf should yield a confined plume
    of upper 50s surface dew points and moderate buoyancy. A veering
    wind profile with height will foster strong deep-layer shear and
    supercell potential.

    As the low-level jet becomes rather strong across OK/KS/MO, greater
    convective coverage is anticipated Thursday night. Elevated storms
    producing large hail should be the primary hazard from the
    post-frontal environment in central/eastern NE to across the Mid-MS
    Valley by early morning Friday.

    ..Grams.. 04/15/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 15 19:05:33 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 151905
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 151904

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0204 PM CDT Tue Apr 15 2025

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IOWA...NORTHERN MISSOURI...EASTERN/CENTRAL NEBRASKA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms, with a primary threat of large hail,
    are possible on Thursday evening/night, centered on eastern/central
    Nebraska, northern Missouri, and Iowa.

    ...Synopsis...
    Large scale troughing is progged from portions of the Canadian
    Prairies into the Intermountain West and Great Basin on Thursday. A
    deepening surface low will shift eastward across the northern
    central/high Plains, with a dryline extending from southern Nebraska
    into central Kansas and Oklahoma. A triple point formed by a
    secondary surface low circulation, dryline, and a frontal
    boundary/modified outflow in central Nebraska will be the focus of
    additional development by the late afternoon/evening across
    central/eastern Nebraska.

    ...Iowa, Nebraska, Missouri...
    Elevated thunderstorm activity is expected to be ongoing at the
    beginning of the D3 period across portions of eastern Nebraska into
    western Iowa and Missouri. Some instances of severe hail will be
    possible with this activity.

    Moisture return will be ongoing through much of the day, with upper
    50s to 60s dew points from central Nebraska into Iowa, eastern
    Kansas, and western Missouri. Additional development is expected
    late afternoon into the early evening across the aforementioned
    triple point in central Nebraska. Daytime heating and moisture
    return will yield MLCAPE around 1500-2000 J/kg amid steep low to
    mid-level lapse rates and ample deep layer shear. This environment
    will support supercells, some of which may be initially surface
    based and capable of very large hail and damaging wind. Further east
    across Iowa and northern Missouri, MLCIN will be in place behind
    morning convection. Cells may become elevated with eastward
    movement, but will still pose potential for large hail and damaging
    wind. The Slight was expanded westward into Nebraska to support this
    potential. Storms will continue into portions of western Illinois
    through the end of the period.

    ..Thornton/Leitman.. 04/15/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 16 07:26:05 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 160725
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160724

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CDT Wed Apr 16 2025

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CENTRAL
    GREAT LAKES TO THE SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are possible from the central Great
    Lakes to the southern Great Plains, mainly during the late afternoon
    Friday into Friday night.

    ...Central Great Lakes to the Southern Great Plains...
    Overall forecast scenario remains consistent to prior days with an
    expansive swath of strong mid-level southwesterlies, downstream of a
    longwave trough from northern ON to the Southwest. This will overlap
    a similarly oriented surface front, with a cyclone tracking across
    the central Great Lakes portion of the baroclinic zone during the
    day and a separate low anchored over the southern High Plains.

    Mid-level height change appears largely neutral during the first
    half of the period, with weak height falls Friday night. A corridor
    of elevated thunderstorms across the far northern portion of the
    outlook area may be ongoing Friday morning. These could pose a risk
    of severe hail downstream through the day. With a pronounced EML
    across much of the warm sector, storm development may be delayed
    until late afternoon to early evening. Guidance also hints at mid to upper-level cloud coverage curtailing boundary-layer heating and
    weakening lapse rates aloft across the southern Great Plains, along
    with pockets of more shallow boundary-layer moisture near the
    dryline. Latest trends are for storm development generally along and
    to the cool side of the stalled to slowing surface front from OK to
    the Mid-MS Valley on Friday evening. Increasing storm coverage is
    anticipated Friday night northeastward into the central Great Lakes
    and southward in TX. Convection may predominately organize into
    clusters in this setup, with strong deep-layer shear supporting a
    mix of scattered large hail and damaging winds.

    ..Grams.. 04/16/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 16 19:17:18 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 161917
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 161916

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0216 PM CDT Wed Apr 16 2025

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE CENTRAL
    GREAT LAKES TO THE SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are possible from the central Great
    Lakes to the southern Great Plains, mainly during the late afternoon
    Friday into Friday night.

    ...Synopsis...
    Within a broad open wave trough, a swath of increasing southwesterly
    flow aloft will overspread the southern Rockies and extend into the
    southern and central Plains. At the surface, a front will extend
    roughly from western Oklahoma northward to Wisconsin, with a surface
    low tracking eastward to the Great Lakes region. A secondary area of cyclogenesis is expected to develop across the Texas/Oklahoma
    panhandles through the period. Scattered thunderstorms development
    is expected along the front from the southern Great Plains to the
    Great Lakes region.

    ...Central Great Lakes to the Southern Great Plains...
    An area of elevated thunderstorms will likely be ongoing across the
    northern portion of the outlook area. These will pose some lingering
    risk of severe hail early.

    Additional thunderstorm development is expected through the
    afternoon and evening along the cold front. This development will be
    delayed by a pronounced EML and MLCIN along and ahead of the
    boundary. As a secondary low establishes across the Oklahoma/Texas
    Panhandles, thunderstorm development will likely occur along the
    dryline across the Southern Plains. As the cold front sags
    southwards and upper-level cooling and forcing overspreads the
    boundary, additional scattered thunderstorm development is expected
    to continue northward into the Great Lakes region. Shear profiles
    are largely boundary parallel, which would favor training and
    clustering of thunderstorms through time. Given broad region of
    favorable MLCAPE and deep layer shear, storms will be capable of
    large hail and damaging winds. Early more discrete storm modes
    across southern Oklahoma/north Texas on the edge of a plume of steep
    low to mid-level lapse rates may promote a conditional risk of very
    large hail early on.

    ..Thornton/Jewell.. 04/16/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 17 07:22:53 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 170722
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170721

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 AM CDT Thu Apr 17 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL TEXAS
    INTO SOUTHERN MISSOURI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated to scattered severe thunderstorms are possible from central
    Texas into the Ohio Valley on Saturday.

    ...Southern Plains to southern MO...

    An upper shortwave trough over the Southwest will pivot east toward
    the southern Plains on Saturday/Saturday night. This will maintain
    strong southwesterly flow aloft from TX into the Midwest. At the
    surface, a front is expected to be draped from southern IL/MO into
    northwest TX during the morning, with a dryline extending southward
    across west-central TX in the vicinity of the Big Bend. Southerly
    low-level flow will maintain a moist airmass ahead of these surface
    boundaries, with dewpoints generally in the low/mid 60s F. Some
    convection could be ongoing during the morning in a warm advection
    regime prior to the low-level jet weakening modestly during the day.
    Stronger heating ahead of the surface boundary could allow for weak
    to moderate destabilization by afternoon, and additional convection
    is likely along the cold front/dryline as large-scale ascent
    increases with the approach of the upper shortwave trough.

    Vertical wind profiles suggest supercell potential, but storm mode
    may quickly trend toward clusters/linear segments. Some risk for
    large hail and damaging gusts appears possible with this activity
    during the late afternoon into the nighttime hours, with initial
    convection developing over TX/OK and spreading into the Ozarks after
    00z.

    ...Ohio Valley...

    An upper shortwave trough will migrate east across Ontario/Quebec
    and the Great Lakes on Saturday. This will bring a belt of strong
    deep-layer westerly flow across the Ohio Valley/Great
    Lakes/Northeast vicinity. A cold front and associated baroclinic
    zone will sag south/southeast across the Ohio Valley vicinity with a
    narrow corridor of modest boundary layer moisture forecast within
    this region. Severe potential will largely be modulated by ongoing
    convection Saturday morning and generally weak instability and lapse
    rates. Nevertheless, strong flow and sufficient instability may
    support strong gusts with thunderstorm clusters during the morning
    and afternoon hours.

    ..Leitman.. 04/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 17 19:09:54 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 171908
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 171907

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0207 PM CDT Thu Apr 17 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM PARTS OF THE
    SOUTHERN PLAINS TOWARD THE OZARKS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms are possible from central
    Texas into the Ohio Valley on Saturday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough will move eastward across Ontario and Quebec,
    deepening all the while. Meanwhile, a southern-stream low/trough
    will move from AZ/NM into the southern Plains. This system will take
    on a negative tilt into Sunday morning.

    At the surface, a front will stall from PA westward to the middle MS
    Valley, and southwestward into northwest TX. Upper 50s F to lower
    60s F dewpoints will be common along and south of this boundary,
    with the most substantial instability developing from west-central
    TX into OK. Winds around 850 mb will initially be out of the
    southwest across the entire warm sector, but backing and
    strengthening will occur over the southern Plains late as the upper
    trough approaches. At that time, a cold front will further increase
    lift over TX and OK.

    ...From parts of OK across MO/IL/IN/OH/PA...
    Substantial rain and thunderstorms are likely to be ongoing early on
    Saturday north of the stationary front and aided by theta-e
    advection just off the surface with 30+ kt southwest 850 mb winds.
    While the low-level lapse rates will initially be poor, sufficient
    elevated instability combined with strong deep-layer shear may
    support marginal hail during the day. Indications are that heating
    will be most prominent from the central Appalachians into parts of
    the upper OH Valley and into PA, and a few diurnally driven cells
    may produce marginal hail over OH and PA.

    ...TX/OK into the Ozarks...
    Scattered storms may redevelop from northern TX into OK during the
    day, as low-level moisture advection is maintained across the warm
    sector and north of the boundary. Lapse rates will likely be poor
    due to extensive clouds and persistent showers/storms.

    Later in the day, strong heating over southwest TX and lift near the
    cold front should allow for new development over west-central TX
    during the late afternoon, with increasing storm coverage as the
    low-level jet increases through the night. A few supercells may
    develop in this region, producing large hail. The front may tend to
    undercut the activity, but a brief tornado cannot be ruled out.
    Farther north, batches of elevated storms will spread out of TX and
    into OK, with both periodic hail and heavy rain threat (see WPC Day
    3 Excessive Rainfall Product).

    ..Jewell.. 04/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 18 07:04:20 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 180704
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180703

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0203 AM CDT Fri Apr 18 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHEAST
    TEXAS INTO SOUTHWEST ILLINOIS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible on Sunday from east Texas into the
    Middle Mississippi Valley.

    ...East Texas to the Middle Mississippi Valley...

    An upper trough over the central/southern Plains Sunday morning will
    lift northeast across the Mid-MO/Upper MS Valley through early
    Monday. At the surface, low pressure will migrate northeast from OK
    to WI as a cold front sweeps east across portions of the
    Ozarks/Mid-MS Valley and the ArkLaTex vicinity. Ahead of the surface
    low and cold front, a warm front will lift northward across the
    Mid-MS and Lower OH Valley through Sunday evening. Moderate
    deep-layer southwesterly flow atop a modestly moist warm sector
    ahead of the surface cold front should support some risk for severe thunderstorms from the ArkLaTex into the Mid-MS Valley. All severe
    hazards appear possible with potential for a mixed mode of
    supercells and linear segments.

    However, quite a bit of uncertainty remains regarding exact forecast
    details as several periods of heavy rain and thunderstorms are
    expected across the region leading into Sunday. This could impact
    which areas see greater destabilization coincident with increasing southwesterly flow and stronger ascent. Furthermore, the ECMWF suite
    of forecast guidance is a slower and further south outlier compared
    to GFS/NAM guidance. As a result, the outlook area for Day 3/Sunday
    may continue to shift in the coming days as details become better
    resolved.

    ..Leitman.. 04/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 18 19:30:39 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 181930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 181929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 PM CDT Fri Apr 18 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    CENTRAL INTO NORTHERN MISSOURI INTO FAR WESTERN ILLINOIS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected on Sunday from east Texas into the
    lower Missouri and middle Mississippi Valleys. The greatest damaging
    wind and tornado potential will be over central and northern
    Missouri into far western Illinois.

    ...Synopsis and Discussion...
    Models are in relatively good agreement depicting a negative-tilt
    shortwave trough and upper low moving northeastward from the TX
    Panhandle Sunday morning into IA by 00Z. The leading speed max will
    be compact but intense, resulting in rapid height falls across
    KS/MO/IA/IL.

    At the surface, low pressure will deepen from eastern OK into IA,
    with a cold front extending south from the low and sweeping eastward
    across MO, AR, and southeast IA during the day.

    As the low develops northward, a warm front will surge north across
    far eastern KS, MO and IL, with low 60s F dewpoints possible.
    Heating will occur as well, resulting in MUCAPE of 750-1000 J/kg.

    Although instability will not be particularly high, shear profiles
    will become quite strong, supporting supercells with tornado
    potential. Several models indicate cells along a line and/or QLCS
    type structures with activity moving rapidly across the area, in a
    region with over 300 m2/s2 ESRH. Storms may form before noon across
    far eastern KS and OK, with a maturing line of severe storms into
    western MO and northwest AR by 21Z. Damaging wind and isolated
    tornado risk will peak during the late afternoon or early evening,
    supported by the fast-moving shortwave trough. Depending on
    instability trends, sig/hatching could be added in later updates.

    ..Jewell.. 04/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 19 07:16:45 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 190716
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190715

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0215 AM CDT Sat Apr 19 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential appears low on Monday.

    ...Ohio Valley...

    An upper shortwave trough over the mid/upper MS Valley will lift
    east/northeast across the Great Lakes/OH Valley on Monday. A belt of
    enhanced mid/upper southwesterly flow will overspread much of the
    Midwest/Ohio Valley ahead of the upper trough. At the surface, low
    pressure over southern WI will lift northeast into Ontario/Quebec
    and a trailing cold front will move across the Ohio Valley. A narrow
    corridor of modest boundary layer moisture will overspread portions
    of KY/IL/OH/MI ahead of the front. Modest destabilization may allow
    for isolated diurnal thunderstorm development across the Ohio
    Valley. Poor lapse rates and weak instability should temper overall
    severe potential, but a few strong storms may produce gusty winds or
    small hail.

    ...Southeast TX to TN Valley...

    The southwest extent of the Ohio Valley cold front will stall across
    the region. Large-scale ascent will be nebulous across the region as
    the main upper shortwave trough continues to lift well to the
    northeast. Nevertheless, diurnal heating and low to mid 60s F
    dewpoints along the surface boundary will support isolated
    thunderstorm development. A few stronger storms could produce gusty
    winds or small hail, but overall severe potential appears limited
    given a lack of stronger forcing.

    ..Leitman.. 04/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 19 18:58:49 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 191858
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 191857

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0157 PM CDT Sat Apr 19 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorm potential appears low on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low will be over the upper MS Valley Monday morning, with a
    trough extending southeast toward the OH Valley. This system will
    move across the Great Lakes and into the Northeast through Tuesday
    morning, losing amplitude as it flattens a ridge along the East
    Coast. To the west, a low-amplitude upper trough will move from the
    northern Rockies into the northern Plains.

    A cold front associated with the Great Lakes system will extend from
    western NY/PA southward toward the TN Valley during the afternoon,
    and becoming stationary over the lower MS Valley. While scattered
    thunderstorms will be possible along the length of the boundary,
    severe chances appear low. Northern areas from OH into NY will
    experience more favorable lift in association with the upper wave to
    the west, but only weak instability with in a narrow axis is
    forecast. Farther south, shear will be very weak.

    Elsewhere, isolated storms are possible from MT during the day where
    lapse rates will be very steep beneath the upper trough. Activity
    may develop late night from the eastern Dakotas into southern MN
    with the aid of a developing low-level jet as well, and small hail
    cannot be ruled out with this activity with very steep midlevel
    lapse rates and minimal melting.

    ..Jewell.. 04/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 20 07:11:55 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 200711
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200711

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0211 AM CDT Sun Apr 20 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF WESTERN/CENTRAL TEXAS...WESTERN OKLAHOMA...AND SOUTHERN KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible on Tuesday across
    portions of the southern Plains.

    ...Synopsis...

    A low-amplitude west/southwest flow regime is expected across much
    of the CONUS on Tuesday. A weak upper trough will be maintained
    across the western U.S. while a belt of stronger westerly flow
    envelops the north-central and northeast U.S. where a pair of modest
    shortwave upper troughs will migrate east through the period. At the
    surface, south/southeasterly low-level flow over the Gulf and
    southern Plains will transport modified Gulf moisture northward
    across TX/OK/KS.

    ...Western TX/OK into southern KS...

    Large scale ascent is expected to remain somewhat nebulous across
    the region on Tuesday. However, various forecast models suggest a
    weak impulse may migrate across the southern Rockies into the
    southern Plains Tuesday afternoon into evening atop the moistening
    boundary layer. Modest west/southwesterly flow and strong surface
    heating also may allow for weak lee low development across the
    southern High Plains, and the development of a dryline extending
    from the OK/TX Panhandles southward through western TX. A stalled
    surface boundary is also forecast to extend across central KS. These
    boundaries may provide focus for isolated thunderstorm development
    by late afternoon.

    A plume of steep midlevel lapse rates will reside across the region,
    aiding in diurnal destabilization, with MLCAPE values around
    1500-2000 J/kg possible. Additionally, forecast guidance indicates
    an 25-35 kt southwesterly low-level jet will develop during the
    evening. NAM forecast soundings suggest at least weak capping
    between 850-700 mb may persist, though the GFS is much more mixed
    with a weaker cap. Given the weak forcing regime, thunderstorm
    coverage remains uncertain. Nevertheless, a few organized
    thunderstorms during the late afternoon into the evening hours, with
    a risk for large hail and damaging gusts, appear possible and a
    Marginal (level 1 of 5) risk has been included.

    ..Leitman.. 04/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 20 19:28:04 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 201927
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 201926

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 PM CDT Sun Apr 20 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible on Tuesday across
    portions of the southern Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    Modest west-southwesterly flow is forecast from the Southwest to the
    southern Plains on Tuesday with a stronger mid-level jet across the
    northern Plains and a sharpening trough in the Pacific Northwest. A
    weak mid-level shortwave trough (indicated by most guidance) is
    forecast to cross New Mexico during the afternoon which would result
    in a sharpening dryline and perhaps some lee cyclogenesis.

    ...Southern High Plains into southern Kansas...
    Low-level moisture advection and strong heating across the southern
    High Plains will lead to moderate to strong destabilization ahead of
    the dryline. As this airmass becomes uncapped by early to
    mid-afternoon and ascent increases ahead of the approaching
    mid-level shortwave trough, expect scattered thunderstorm
    development. A deeply mixed boundary layer and 25 to 35 knots of
    shear will support supercells capable of large hail and severe wind
    gusts. Storms will likely congeal into an MCS by later in the
    evening as the low-level jet strengthens with some severe wind
    threat which could continue into the overnight hours.

    A remnant frontal boundary will likely be in place across southern
    Kansas Tuesday afternoon which will likely be an additional focus
    for potential severe storms Tuesday afternoon. Moisture/instability
    remains more questionable across southern Kansas, and shear is not
    forecast to be quite as strong amid somewhat veered low-level flow
    ahead of the front. Therefore, a marginal risk (level 1 of 5) has
    been maintained at this time.

    ...Central Iowa to southern Wisconsin and Northern Illinois...
    Moisture recovery along a warm frontal zone may lead to some weak
    instability from eastern Iowa into southern Wisconsin and northern
    Illinois. Sustained isentropic ascent may provide sufficient forcing
    for isolated to scattered thunderstorm development through the day.
    Despite the lack of moisture, cool temperatures aloft and steep
    lapse rates may support the potential for isolated large hail and
    damaging wind gusts.

    ..Bentley.. 04/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 21 07:05:40 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 210705
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210704

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0204 AM CDT Mon Apr 21 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible across portions of the
    central and southern High Plains on Wednesday.

    ...Central/Southern High Plains...

    A persistent low-amplitude, weak southwesterly flow pattern will
    persist across the Plains and into the eastern U.S. on Day
    3/Wednesday. Forecast guidance indicates some weak shortwave
    perturbations will migrate through this weak southwesterly flow
    aloft, emanating from a weak upper trough over the western U.S. At
    the surface, southerly low-level flow will continue to transport
    modified Gulf moisture northward across the southern Plains and into
    the central Plains. A stalled frontal boundary will extend from
    southern MN into central NE and northeast CO, while a dryline
    extends southward across the central/southern High Plains.
    Persistent moist advection will allow for weak to moderate
    destabilization within the vicinity of the aforementioned surface
    boundaries, and isolated to widely scattered thunderstorm
    development will be possible by late afternoon/evening. Large hail
    and strong gusts could accompany this activity from southwest NE
    into western TX.

    ..Leitman.. 04/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 21 19:19:11 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 211919
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 211918

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0218 PM CDT Mon Apr 21 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    WEST TEXAS AND FAR SOUTHEAST NEW MEXICO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible across portions of the
    central and southern High Plains on Wednesday.

    ...Central/Southern High Plains...
    Persistent southwesterly flow will be present across the western and
    central United States on Wednesday. This will result in continue lee
    surface troughing across the southern and central High Plains. A
    stalled frontal boundary will extend from the Upper Midwest to the
    central High Plains. Continued low-level moisture advection should
    destabilize the warm sector east of the dryline. Any weak
    perturbations within the southwesterly flow aloft should provide
    ample forcing for storm development along the dryline within a
    mostly uncapped airmass (per 12Z GFS forecast soundings). If this
    GFS solution verifies, a slight risk will probably be needed across
    much of the dryline from the Trans Pecos to eastern Colorado.
    However, the ECMWF has an extensive area of precipitation along the
    front in Kansas Wednesday morning which expands across much of the
    state and into Oklahoma and the Texas Panhandle. This would have
    significant implications on warm sector destabilization and
    northward moisture transport on Wednesday. Due to this uncertainty
    have kept probabilities at Level 1/Marginal at this time from the
    Texas Panhandle northward. Farther south, across West Texas,
    Confidence in a moderately unstable, uncapped airmass along the
    dryline is higher. Therefore, a slight risk (Level 2 of 5) has been
    added in this area for the potential for large hail and severe wind
    gusts Wednesday afternoon/evening.

    ..Bentley.. 04/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 22 06:58:52 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 220657
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220656

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0156 AM CDT Tue Apr 22 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS WESTERN
    TEXAS AND OKLAHOMA INTO SOUTHERN KANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible on Thursday from western
    Texas and Oklahoma into southern Kansas.

    ...Southern/Central Plains...

    The low-amplitude, modest southwesterly flow regime will continue
    across the Plains on Thursday. Some guidance suggests a modest
    shortwave upper trough will migrate across the southern Rockies into
    the southern Plains Thursday afternoon. This will support weak lee
    troughing across the central/southern High Plains, and a dryline
    will likely develop from the OK/TX Panhandles into southwest TX.
    Meanwhile, a stalled frontal boundary from IA into western KS will
    slowly sag southward late in the afternoon into the nighttime hours.
    Southerly low-level flow will maintain 60s F dewpoints across a
    broad warm sector, and weak to moderate destabilization is expected
    across parts of TX/OK and southern KS. Some convection may be
    ongoing Thursday morning, resulting in uncertainty regarding where
    better destabilization will occur. Nevertheless, isolated severe
    thunderstorms will be possible along the dryline and potentially any
    outflow boundaries from prior convection, providing a risk for large
    hail and strong gusts.

    ..Leitman.. 04/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 22 19:24:47 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 221924
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 221923

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 PM CDT Tue Apr 22 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM SOUTHERN
    KANSAS TO THE TRANSPECOS REGION OF TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible on Thursday from western
    Texas and Oklahoma into southern Kansas.

    ...Southern Kansas southwestward to the Transpecos region of
    Texas...
    Thunderstorms are forecast to be ongoing at the start of the period
    near a weak front lying roughly west-to-east across Kansas. As the
    storms sag southeastward with time, the combined front/convective
    outflow will continue making slow southward progress.

    Meanwhile, daytime heating/mixing across the Texas Panhandle/South Plains/Transpecos will support eastward mixing of a dryline through
    the afternoon. With a moist boundary layer east of the dryline,
    heating combined with the steep lapse rates/EML being maintained
    across the area by moderate west-southwesterlies aloft will result
    in moderate destabilization. This should support isolated storm
    development near the dryline, perhaps most focused where the
    southward-sagging outflow/cold front from Kansas intersects the
    eastward-mixing dryline (somewhere in the southwestern
    Kansas/northwestern Oklahoma/Texas Panhandle vicinity).

    The lack of stronger flow aloft should continue to limit shear
    across the southern Plains region, but veering winds with height
    should again support potential for mid-level rotation. Attendant
    risks for large hail and locally gusty/damaging winds warrant
    continuation of MRGL/5% severe probability. Some thought was given
    to a small SLGT risk upgrade, near the intersection of the dryline
    and the outflow-reinforced front mentioned earlier, as backed
    low-level flow may yield a bit more favorable of a wind profile
    locally. However, with some uncertainty evident with respect to if,
    and how far, the front can progress southward through the day, have
    opted not to upgrade at this time.

    ..Goss.. 04/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 23 06:59:13 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 230658
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230658

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0158 AM CDT Wed Apr 23 2025

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PARTS OF
    OKLAHOMA AND NORTHWEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible across parts of Oklahoma
    and northwest Texas Friday afternoon and evening.

    ...Southern Plains...

    Upper ridging will overspread the Plains on Friday as a deepening
    upper trough moves over the western U.S. Despite the building upper
    ridge, capping is expected to be weak, and strong daytime heating
    will likely erode any morning inhibition by early to mid-afternoon
    where stronger heating occurs. Some morning convection could be
    ongoing Friday morning over parts of KS/OK, but it is uncertain to
    what extent and exactly where this may be. A surface cold front is
    forecast to develop southward across the central Plains and Mid-MS
    Valley, and impinge on northern OK and the TX Panhandle by late
    afternoon/early evening.

    Southeasterly low-level flow will maintain a moist warm sector ahead
    of the front and to the east of a dryline extending southward across
    western TX. Large-scale ascent will be nebulous, but isolated
    thunderstorm activity is expected both along the dryline and ahead
    of cold front. Moderate instability could support robust updrafts,
    though vertically veering winds will remain rather weak through
    700-500 mb. Nevertheless, around 20-30 kt effective shear magnitudes
    amid 1500-2500 J/kg could support organized cells. Elongated
    hodographs suggest large hail would be possible with any stronger
    updrafts that can be maintained. Steepening low-level lapse rates
    also may support strong gusts. Confidence in storm coverage is
    somewhat low given the building upper ridge and weak forcing
    mechanisms, but at least an isolated severe storms risk appears
    likely, necessitating a Marginal (level 1 of 5) delineation for
    parts of OK/TX.

    ..Leitman.. 04/23/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 23 19:21:54 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 231921
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 231921

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 PM CDT Wed Apr 23 2025

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE OKLAHOMA AND WESTERN TEXAS AREA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible across parts of Oklahoma
    and northwest Texas Friday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough sweeping across Hudson Bay/Ontario/the Upper Great
    Lakes region Friday will drive deepening of a surface low initially
    over the southern Wisconsin vicinity. As it deepens, the low is
    forecast to shift east-northeastward across the Upper Great Lakes
    through the Day, and then across southern Ontario and into Quebec
    overnight. As this occurs, a surface cold front will shift
    southeastward across the Ohio Valley region, and more slowly
    southward across Oklahoma and the Ozarks region.

    Meanwhile in the West, an upper low over the eastern Pacific is
    forecast to deepen and shift southeastward toward the vicinity of
    the central California Coast overnight. As this occurs, downstream
    ridging will evolve/amplify across the central U.S. through the
    period.

    ...Southern Plains...
    Convection appears likely to be ongoing at the start of the period
    across the Oklahoma vicinity, in the vicinity of the sagging cold
    front. Despite increased ridging aloft, rather weak warm-sector
    capping will likely support at least isolated storm redevelopment,
    both near the front as it shifts southward across Oklahoma and the
    Texas Panhandle/South Plains through the day, and near any remnant
    outflows from earlier/potentially ongoing convection. The
    combination of moderate instability and somewhat modest shear
    suggests only isolated severe risk -- mainly in the form of hail and
    locally gusty/damaging winds. Low-level jet development expected
    during the evening over the High Plains may help sustain convection
    through the overnight hours.

    ...Elsewhere...
    Scattered thunderstorms -- and perhaps a couple of stronger storms
    capable of producing gusty winds and small hail -- are expected
    across parts of the Great Lakes/Midwest/Mid South region, near and
    ahead of the aforementioned/advancing cold front. Modest CAPE is
    expected across the area, and with rather weak shear as well, any
    severe risk would likely remain quite limited/local.

    ..Goss.. 04/23/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 24 06:59:44 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 240659
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 240658

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0158 AM CDT Thu Apr 24 2025

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS EASTERN
    NEW MEXICO INTO WESTERN TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible on Saturday
    across portions of eastern New Mexico into western Texas.

    ...Southern High Plains...

    An upper ridge will remain centered over the Great Plains on
    Saturday. However, an upper trough will shift east into the
    Southwestern U.S., and southwesterly flow aloft will increase across
    the southern Rockies/High Plains vicinity by late afternoon into the
    overnight hours. At the surface, a stalled front from east-central
    NM into central OK will lift northward through the day and
    south/southeasterly low-level flow will transport upper 50s to low
    60s F dewpoints northward across the High Plains. Midlevel lapse
    rates will steepen through the day, and a corridor of weak to
    moderate instability is expected along a sharpening dryline across
    eastern NM into western TX.

    Some forecast guidance has quite a bit of ongoing convection
    Saturday morning, which lends to uncertainty regarding severe
    potential. Nevertheless, the overall environment will support severe thunderstorms capable of producing large hail and damaging gusts.
    While coverage and location is uncertain, highest confidence in a
    few supercells is across eastern NM and perhaps into adjacent west
    TX.

    ..Leitman.. 04/24/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu Apr 24 19:17:02 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 241916
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 241915

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0215 PM CDT Thu Apr 24 2025

    Valid 261200Z - 271200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF EASTERN NEW MEXICO AND ADJACENT WESTERN TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible on Saturday
    across portions of eastern New Mexico into western Texas.

    ...Discussion...
    Convection is forecast to be ongoing across portions of the central
    and southern Plains Saturday morning, near and north of a surface
    baroclinic zone progged to lie roughly west-to-east western Texas
    and Oklahoma to the Tennessee Valley. With the upper pattern across
    the western 2/3 of the U.S. to remain largely unchanged, with
    ridging over the central U.S. and only very slow eastward
    progression of the western U.S. upper low, the front should remain
    roughly quasi-stationary Saturday. This suggests potential for
    storm redevelopment/reintensification during the afternoon, as heating/destabilization maximize. While background large-scale
    subsidence should limit coverage of convection diurnally, a couple
    of stronger storms capable of producing severe-caliber hail and/or
    wind are expected.

    ..Goss.. 04/24/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 25 07:31:40 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 250731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 250730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Fri Apr 25 2025

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    CENTRAL NEBRASKA AND SOUTHERN SOUTH DAKOTA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms are possible across the southern High Plains
    and central Plains Sunday afternoon/evening. Scattered severe storms
    are possible across the northern Plains and Upper Midwest Sunday
    evening/night.

    ...Discussion...
    A moderately strong mid-level jet streak will extend from the
    Southwest and into the Central Plains on Sunday as a mid-level
    trough advances eastward through the Intermountain West. As this
    occurs, a strong surface cyclone will develop in the central High Plains/northern Plains. This strengthening cyclone will draw richer
    low-level moisture into the northern Plains while a dryline sharpens
    across the High Plains.

    Forecast guidance is consistent showing a sharp dryline extending
    from southwest Nebraska southward to the Texas Big Bend. Mid to
    upper 60s dewpoints east of this dryline and strong heating will
    support moderate to strong instability by Sunday afternoon. Forecast
    soundings show a weakly capped airmass along the entirety of the
    dryline. Therefore, weak height falls and a sharp dryline
    circulation will likely be sufficient for at least isolated
    supercell development along the dryline. At this time, storm
    coverage appears too sparse to support greater probabilities, but a
    favorable environment will support a conditional threat for all
    severe weather hazards wherever supercells can develop.

    Farther north, near the surface low, storm coverage probabilities
    increase due to stronger forcing. A slight risk has been introduced
    across portions of central Nebraska into southern South Dakota where
    the greatest potential for late afternoon/evening supercell
    development exists. As the low-level jet intensifies after 00Z, more
    widespread thunderstorm development is anticipated along and north
    of the warm front across the Dakotas and into western Minnesota
    Sunday night.

    ..Bentley.. 04/25/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri Apr 25 19:33:41 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 251932
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 251931

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 PM CDT Fri Apr 25 2025

    Valid 271200Z - 281200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    NEBRASKA AND VICINITY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe storms are possible across the southern High Plains
    and central Plains Sunday afternoon/evening. Scattered severe storms
    are possible across the northern Plains and Upper Midwest Sunday
    evening/night.

    ...Synopsis...
    Continued eastward progression of the western U.S. upper low/trough
    will occur Sunday. Eventually, this trough will begin to displace
    persistent central U.S. upper ridging, with the first effects -- in
    the form height falls -- spreading gradually across the Plains
    Sunday afternoon through Sunday night.

    Ahead of the trough, a cold front crossing the western U.S. will
    begin to emerge into the Plains, trailing southwestward from a low
    shifting gradually into/across the Nebraska vicinity. By the end of
    the period, this front should extend from the Mid Missouri Valley south-southwestward to West Texas.

    ...The Plains...
    Low-level moistening spreading northward across the Plains in
    advance of the approaching front will combine with daytime heating
    to result in moderate pre-frontal destabilization. The effects of ridging-induced subsidence -- in the form of boundary-layer capping
    -- will persist through much of the day, hindering more widespread
    development of diurnal storms.

    By late afternoon/early evening however, isolated storm development
    is expected, likely most widespread across the Nebraska vicinity
    just ahead of the surface low shifting into the region. Here,
    increasing mid-level flow atop low-level southerlies will provide
    sufficient shear for a few severe/rotating storms, likely
    accompanied by an all-hazards severe risk. Farther south along the
    advancing front, storms should remain much more isolated, but would
    likely pose local severe risk given a thermodynamic and kinematic
    environment that would support organized/rotating storms.

    Overnight, an increasing southerly low-level jet -- and associated
    warm advection across the Dakotas atop the warm front -- should
    sustain late-period storms, and at least some severe risk.

    ..Goss.. 04/25/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 26 07:42:46 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 260742
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 260741

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0241 AM CDT Sat Apr 26 2025

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL
    IOWA INTO SOUTHEAST MINNESOTA AND WESTERN WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An outbreak of severe weather is likely across portions of the
    Midwest and Upper Midwest. Large hail, severe wind gusts, and strong
    to intense tornadoes are likely.

    ...A tornado outbreak with the potential for strong to intense
    tornadoes is possible on Monday...

    ...Midwest into the Upper Midwest...
    A strong mid-level jet streak will move rapidly northeastward from
    the Southwest to the Upper Midwest on Monday. As this occurs, a
    surface low will deepen and move from the northern Plains to the
    northern Great Lakes. Strong southwesterly lower tropospheric flow
    will advect high theta-e air northward across the Midwest and into
    parts of the Upper Midwest. Broken to scattered cloud cover will
    support surface heating and strong destabilization across the warm
    sector in Iowa and into southeast Minnesota and western Wisconsin.

    Severe storms may develop as early as mid-day across western
    Minnesota and western Iowa on the nose of a 70-80 knot mid-level jet
    streak. These storms may begin as supercells, but mode may become
    more linear as the cold front intersects the dryline across
    Minnesota during the afternoon. Even if mode is more linear,
    embedded tornadoes will be possible given the strengthening
    low-level shear.

    Farther south and east, a more discrete mode will be favored within
    a weakly capped warm sector. As lower tropospheric flow strengthens
    through the day, the warm sector will expand rapidly northeastward,
    creating a broad warm-sector featuring moderate to strong
    instability and very strong (60+ knots) shear. Increasing forcing
    during the afternoon should be sufficient to overcome weak capping
    across the warm sector. Therefore open warm sector supercells will
    be possible in addition to supercells along the eastward advancing
    dryline. Any supercells which can develop within this increasingly
    favorable environment Monday afternoon/evening will be capable of
    strong to intense tornadoes. By late evening, a squall line will
    likely overtake much of the discrete convection as the cold front
    advances rapidly southeast. Severe wind gusts and embedded tornadoes
    will remain possible through the late evening and perhaps into the
    overnight hours.

    ...Central/Southern Plains...
    A strongly unstable and strongly sheared warm sector will exist
    along and east of the dryline from eastern Kansas southward to West
    Texas. Forcing is much weaker than farther north with only weak
    height falls along the dryline. However, most guidance shows minimal
    inhibition along the dryline and at least isolated storm
    development, perhaps aided by some nocturnal low-level jet increase
    during the evening. Any supercells which develop will pose a threat
    for all severe hazards including the potential for strong tornadoes.

    ..Bentley.. 04/26/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat Apr 26 19:41:09 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 261940
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 261939

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0239 PM CDT Sat Apr 26 2025

    Valid 281200Z - 291200Z

    ...THERE IS A MODERATE RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN CENTRAL AND
    EASTERN IA/SOUTHEAST MN/WESTERN WI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    An outbreak of severe weather remains likely across portions of the
    Upper Midwest, centered on Monday afternoon and evening. Very large
    hail, strong tornadoes, and damaging winds are expected.

    ...Synopsis...
    Multiple shortwave impulses embedded within a broader positive-tilt
    upper trough will eject into/across the North-Central States during
    the period. Primary surface cyclone, over central/eastern SD Monday
    morning, will remain nearly steady-state as it tracks east-northeast
    across the Upper Great Lakes.

    ...Upper Midwest...
    Elevated convection should be ongoing at 12Z Monday, centered on ND
    arcing southeast across the Upper MS Valley. Isolated severe hail
    may accompany this morning activity as it progresses eastward along
    the leading edge of a stout EML. Regenerative elevated storm
    development should persist northeast of the surface cyclone track
    across the Red River Valley through northern MN, likely limiting the
    northward advancement of the surface warm front during the day.
    Guidance differs markedly with the degree of northward
    destabilization into northern MN, lowering confidence in the degree
    of severe threat here.

    South of early-period storms/cloud coverage, pronounced
    destabilization will occur beneath the initially stout EML amid
    strong low-level moist advection. Cooling mid-level temperatures
    during the afternoon will be favorably timed with peak heating to
    support thunderstorms across southern MN into northern IA. Greater
    coverage is expected with northern extent which may yield more
    linear organization, compared to more discrete/isolated coverage
    trailing southward. A mix of all hazards is anticipated with an
    increasing severe threat into the early/mid evening as the low-level
    jet strengthens across the Upper MS Valley to Upper Great Lakes. The
    southern portion of this will be the more favored corridor for open
    warm sector discrete supercells capable of producing strong
    tornadoes. By late evening, linear clusters will likely overtake
    much of the discrete convection as the cold front advances rapidly east-southeast. Damaging wind gusts and embedded tornadoes will
    remain possible through the late evening and perhaps into the
    overnight hours.

    ...KS/MO to west TX...
    A strongly unstable/sheared warm sector will exist along/east of the
    dryline. Forcing for ascent should be much weaker than farther north
    with only weak mid-level height falls along the dryline. Most
    probable storm signals are after the nocturnal low-level jet
    increases during the evening in the southern Great Plains. This
    could support isolated supercells into Monday night.

    ..Grams.. 04/26/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 27 06:54:25 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 270654
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 270653

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0153 AM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE SOUTHERN
    PLAINS TO THE EASTERN GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms are expected along a
    frontal zone that extends from the southern Plains to the eastern
    Great Lakes.

    ...Discussion...
    A cold front will move through the eastern Great Lakes on Tuesday
    afternoon and across New York Tuesday evening. Strong instability
    but weaker shear will be present along the frontal zone in Indiana
    and Ohio, with stronger flow, but weaker instability across New
    York. Therefore, strong wind gusts and perhaps an isolated tornado
    threat will exist across New York and western Pennsylvania with a
    greater hail threat likely across Ohio and Indiana.

    Farther west across the Lower Ohio Valley and into the Ozarks, the
    front will be more stationary. Mid to upper 60s dewpoints will be
    present south of this front which should allow for moderate to
    strong instability by Tuesday afternoon. Deep-layer shear is not
    that strong, but should be sufficient for some multicell clusters
    and perhaps a supercell or two.

    Persistent isentropic ascent should support thunderstorm activity in
    the vicinity of the front, likely across Oklahoma, on Tuesday. South
    and west of this morning/early afternoon activity is where the best
    environment should be on Tuesday. Moderate to strong instability is
    forecast to develop across West Texas and into Northwest Texas
    Tuesday afternoon. As mid-level flow strengthens ahead of the
    approaching trough, effective shear will increase through the day.
    The combination of height falls along the dryline and a
    strengthening low-level jet near sunset should support supercells
    capable of large hail and severe wind gusts by late afternoon to
    evening.

    ..Bentley.. 04/27/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun Apr 27 19:29:58 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 271929
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 271929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 PM CDT Sun Apr 27 2025

    Valid 291200Z - 301200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN PARTS OF OH
    TO WESTERN PA/NY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are likely across parts of the Lower
    Great Lakes on Tuesday afternoon/evening. Scattered severe
    thunderstorms are possible southwestward into the southern Great
    Plains. Isolated significant-severe potential, mainly from hail, is
    apparent across west Texas and separately in parts of the eastern
    Midwest to Lower Great Lakes.

    ...Synopsis...
    A consolidated shortwave trough should move east across the Great
    Lakes and southeast Canada. A southern-stream trough over the
    Southwest to northwest Mexico should drift east. Primary surface
    cyclone over northeast ON should quickly progress towards the
    Canadian Maritimes. An attendant cold front will push across the
    central to Lower Great Lakes Tuesday afternoon and evening. A weaker
    surface low should remain anchored over the TX Trans-Pecos.

    ...Eastern Midwest/Lower Great Lakes...
    The eastern extent of a pervasive EML will support potential for at
    least moderate buoyancy across a broadening warm-moist sector ahead
    of the aforementioned cold front. Rather strong mid-level westerlies
    should be present from the Great Lakes vicinity northward, trailing
    in magnitude but still moderate to strong across the OH Valley.
    While evolution of early-day convection from late D2 is uncertain,
    potential exists for pronounced boundary-layer heating amid robust
    low-level moistening to the northeast. With stronger mid-level
    height falls north of the international border, overall setup could
    favor discrete to semi-discrete supercells that eventually merge
    into clusters/short lines by evening. Confidence is sufficient in upgrading/expanding categorical risks along with adding a
    significant severe highlight, most likely for hail at this time.

    ...TX/OK...
    Multiple rounds of thunderstorms are expected through the period
    along a convectively modulated, quasi-stationary baroclinic zone.
    This renders enough uncertainty to mitigate a corridor of greater
    severe potential, but a mesoscale-driven Enhanced Risk may be needed
    in later outlooks. Adequate mid-level southwesterlies will persist
    through the period for supercells, with most guidance hinting at
    training convection along the west/southwest to east-northeast
    oriented portion of the zone near the Red River. More probable
    scenario for very large hail should exist to the southwest of that
    corridor, with a few dryline supercells favored in the late
    afternoon to early evening.

    ..Grams.. 04/27/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 28 07:35:03 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 280734
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280733

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0233 AM CDT Mon Apr 28 2025

    Valid 301200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF
    NORTH-CENTRAL TEXAS INTO SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered thunderstorm activity is expected from the southern
    Plains to the Great Lakes on Wednesday as a mid-level trough ejects
    into the southern Plains. Severe thunderstorms will be possible
    across east-central Texas into central/eastern Oklahoma.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will eject across the southern Plains on Tuesday.
    Surface low development is expected across western Texas on
    D2-Tuesday, with a weak low tracking eastward into east-central
    Texas by the D3-Wednesday period. Overnight thunderstorm activity is
    expected at the beginning of the D3 period across portions of
    central Oklahoma into east-central Texas. By the afternoon,
    additional scattered thunderstorm development along the dryline near
    the Red River on Wednesday afternoon will pose potential for severe
    wind, hail, and a tornado.

    ...East-Central Texas into southern Oklahoma...
    Scattered thunderstorm development along the dryline across central
    Texas into Oklahoma on Thursday afternoon will pose some severe
    potential. Some uncertainty arises in coverage of morning convection
    and cloud cover. However, it appears a corridor of favorable
    instability and shear will overlap by the afternoon along and ahead
    of the dryline. Shear profiles will be supportive of supercells
    before clusters begin to form and attempts at upscale growth occur.
    Large hail and damaging wind will be the primary risks given steep
    lapse rates, though forecast soundings do show some curvature of low
    level hodographs favorable for some tornado risk with early
    supercell modes.

    ..Thornton/Bentley.. 04/28/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 28 08:19:05 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 280818
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 280817

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0317 AM CDT Mon Apr 28 2025

    Valid 301200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF
    NORTH-CENTRAL TEXAS INTO SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA...

    CORRECTED FOR INCORRECT DAY REFERENCE

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered thunderstorm activity is expected from the southern
    Plains to the Great Lakes on Wednesday as a mid-level trough ejects
    into the southern Plains. Severe thunderstorms will be possible
    across east-central Texas into central/eastern Oklahoma.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will eject across the southern Plains on Tuesday.
    Surface low development is expected across western Texas on
    D2-Tuesday, with a weak low tracking eastward into east-central
    Texas by the D3-Wednesday period. Overnight thunderstorm activity is
    expected at the beginning of the D3 period across portions of
    central Oklahoma into east-central Texas. By the afternoon,
    additional scattered thunderstorm development along the dryline near
    the Red River on Wednesday afternoon will pose potential for severe
    wind, hail, and a tornado.

    ...East-Central Texas into southern Oklahoma...
    Scattered thunderstorm development along the dryline across central
    Texas into Oklahoma on Wednesday afternoon will pose some severe
    potential. Some uncertainty arises in coverage of morning convection
    and cloud cover. However, it appears a corridor of favorable
    instability and shear will overlap by the afternoon along and ahead
    of the dryline. Shear profiles will be supportive of supercells
    before clusters begin to form and attempts at upscale growth occur.
    Large hail and damaging wind will be the primary risks given steep
    lapse rates, though forecast soundings do show some curvature of low
    level hodographs favorable for some tornado risk with early
    supercell modes.

    ..Thornton/Bentley.. 04/28/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon Apr 28 19:24:39 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 281924
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 281923

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 PM CDT Mon Apr 28 2025

    Valid 301200Z - 011200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN PARTS OF THE
    SOUTHERN GREAT PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are possible on Wednesday, centered
    on central Texas to eastern Oklahoma and western Arkansas.

    ...Synopsis...
    A southern-stream shortwave trough centered over NM will accelerate east-northeastward, reaching the Ozarks by 12Z Thursday. A weak
    surface cyclone over west TX should deepen slightly as it ejects
    towards the Lower MO Valley. A cold to quasi-stationary front on D2
    will advance north as a warm front across the Lower MO/OH Valleys
    and Midwest.

    ...Southern Great Plains...
    An MCS will likely be ongoing at 12Z Wednesday, centered over
    western north TX to southwest OK, along the trailing portion of the convectively modulated quasi-stationary front. Low-level warm
    theta-e advection should persist through the diurnal heating cycle
    as the aforementioned shortwave trough accelerates east.
    Boundary-layer heating of the extensive rich low-level moisture
    plume downstream will likely support intensification of the MCS and
    additional development along its outflows through the afternoon. A
    mix of all hazards is possible, but damaging winds may be the
    primary threat given probable MCS/cluster mode.

    In its wake, late-afternoon storm development still seems probable
    in parts of central TX along the eastward-surging dryline. Primary
    uncertainty is with respect to the degree of outflow surge related
    to the morning MCS and where exactly the best corridor of supercell
    development may be near the outflow/dryline intersection. As such, a
    10% or greater significant severe area has been withheld for now.
    Isolated severe hail may also accompany the mid-level trough passage
    over the TX Panhandle.

    ...Lower MO/OH Valleys...
    Severe-thunderstorm potential is evident on Wednesday afternoon to
    early evening along/south of the aforementioned warm front advancing
    north. Mid-level lapse rates should be modest, yielding minimal
    MLCIN by peak heating. A plume of moderate buoyancy combined with
    moderate to strong deep-layer shear should support a few supercells
    within a weakly forced regime. A mix of at least isolated damaging
    winds and large hail is plausible, with a tornado or two possible
    along the front.

    ..Grams.. 04/28/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue Apr 29 07:18:14 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 290718
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 290717

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0217 AM CDT Tue Apr 29 2025

    Valid 011200Z - 021200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM CENTRAL
    TEXAS INTO THE MISSISSIPPI/OHIO VALLEY AND NORTHWARD TO THE GREAT
    LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorm development is expected from central Texas
    into the Mississippi and Ohio Valleys northward to the Great Lakes. Thunderstorms will pose a risk for strong to severe winds and hail.

    ...Discussion...
    A mid-level trough will eject across the Midwest into the
    Mississippi and Ohio Valleys region on Thursday, with a broad area
    of enhanced southwesterly flow extending from the lower Mississippi
    Valley into the Great Lakes region. A cold front will sag southward
    through this region, with potential for scattered thunderstorm
    development throughout the day Thursday across a broad region. A
    primarily marginal risk for wind and hail will be possible with this
    activity. This overall risk is limited by displacement of better
    shear northward through time with respect to the more favorable air
    mass across Tennessee southward into northern MS/AR/northern LA.
    Nonetheless, dew points in the mid 50s to 60s will extend as far
    north as the Great Lakes, where stronger deep layer shear is
    forecast which supports bringing the probabilities into this region.

    Early in the D3/Thursday period, a line of thunderstorms may be
    ongoing across northeastern Texas into central Arkansas. Some re-intensification of this activity will be possible through the
    afternoon as the air mass downstream warms and becomes favorably
    unstable. Weaker shear profiles and forcing gradually shifting
    northward through the afternoon/evening will likely keep this threat
    lower. Nonetheless, potential for damaging wind will be possible.

    Further west across the dryline in central Texas, deep layer flow
    will remain modest enough to support potential for some thunderstorm development by the late afternoon. While low level shear will be
    weak, deep layer flow will support potential for instances of severe
    hail, given steep low to mid-level lapse rates.

    ..Thornton/Bentley.. 04/29/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 30 07:24:44 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 300724
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 300723

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 AM CDT Wed Apr 30 2025

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF SOUTHERN OKLAHOMA INTO SOUTHWESTERN TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected across much of the southern
    plains into the southeastern and eastern US. Severe storms capable
    of damaging wind and large hail will be possible across southwestern
    Texas.

    ...Discussion...
    The pattern on D3/Friday will include a trough moving across the
    Central Plains into the Midwest and a trailing cold front extending
    from New England southward across the mid-South and into the
    southern Plains. Early in the period, an MCS may be ongoing across
    southern Oklahoma/northern Texas. This may pose a continued risk of
    damaging wind from late D2/Thursday into D3/Friday as the air mass
    ahead of this is progged to be unstable and supportive of continued
    maintenance south and eastward.

    Across southwestern Texas, thunderstorm development is likely near
    the cold front and dryline. The mode here would favor supercells
    capable of large to very large hail. The cold front is expected to
    gradually shift southward, which may lead to a transition into a
    more mixed mode of supercells and multi cell clusters. Nonetheless,
    potential exists for large hail and damaging winds.

    Scattered thunderstorm development is likely across the frontal
    boundary across much of the Southeast to the East Coast. It remains
    unclear if there is a corridor of more favorable potential for
    strong to severe storms at this time. A broad plume of instability
    will extend along and south of the front across this region, but
    flow remains relatively weak. As such, no areas were included with
    this outlook but a stronger storm or two could not be ruled out.

    ..Thornton/Bentley.. 04/30/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed Apr 30 19:29:49 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 301929
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 301928

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 PM CDT Wed Apr 30 2025

    Valid 021200Z - 031200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE LOWER
    GREAT LAKES REGION SOUTHWESTWARD TO TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected from the Northeast, across the
    Ohio, Tennessee, and Lower Mississippi Valleys and into Texas.
    Isolated storms within this zone will likely become capable of
    producing damaging wind gusts and hail.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper trough initially over the north-central U.S. is forecast to
    dig/expand southeastward, evolving into a sharp/short-wavelength
    feature extending from the Great Lakes to the southern Plains by the
    end of the period. Meanwhile, as a second/sharp trough approaches
    the West Coast late, the overall pattern over the U.S. will become
    highly amplified and progressive into the weekend.

    At the surface, a cold front extending initially from the Great
    Lakes to Texas will advance steadily eastward. By early Saturday
    morning, the boundary should extend from New England southwestward
    to the Lower Mississippi/western Gulf Coast region.

    ...Lower Great Lakes to the southern Plains...
    Showers and thunderstorms are forecast to be ongoing across portions
    of the central and eastern U.S., near and ahead of the
    aforementioned cold front. The ongoing clouds and precipitation
    will likely hinder heating/destabilization across parts of the
    region -- particularly from the Kentucky area northeastward. This,
    combined with modest shear suggests only isolated stronger storms,
    but risk appears sufficient to introduce marginal risk ahead of the
    front, as far north as the Lower Great Lakes.

    From roughly the Tennessee Valley westward into Texas, a more
    unstable airmass is expected to evolve, given more substantial
    low-level moisture, and potentially greater heating. However,
    widespread convection may be ongoing across the Arkansas area
    westward to the Texas Panhandle/South Plains region near and just
    north of the surface front. Evolution of this convection, and
    progression of associated outflows into the warm sector, will likely
    influence location, and organization, of subsequent storms through
    the day Friday. Thus, will maintain/expand MRGL risk across a
    broader area extending into the Tennessee Valley, with further
    refinement of the area likely in later outlooks.

    ..Goss.. 04/30/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 1 07:17:25 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 010717
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 010716

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0216 AM CDT Thu May 01 2025

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR FAR SOUTH
    TEXAS AND FROM THE SOUTHEAST TO NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe storms are possible on Saturday from the
    Southeast to New England and across far South Texas.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will move from the Great Lakes to the Northeast
    on Saturday. At the surface a cold front will advance across the
    Appalachians and eventually off the Atlantic Coast and will also
    extend westward near the Gulf Coast, and into South Texas. High
    pressure will build into the Midwest in the wake of this cold front.


    ...East Coast...
    Scattered thunderstorms are expected to develop along and ahead of a
    cold front during the afternoon as some destabilization occurs east
    of the Appalachians. An expansive area of upper 50s to low 60s
    dewpoints will be present east of the Appalachians on Saturday. Some
    heating is expected during the afternoon which may lead to weak to
    potentially moderate instability. Mid-level lapse rates are forecast
    to be weak with only marginally strong shear. Given this
    environment, a few multicell storms are possible along and ahead of
    the eastward advancing cold front. However, more widespread coverage
    of severe storms is not anticipated at this time.

    ...Far South Texas...
    Thunderstorms will likely be ongoing at the beginning of the period
    along a front as it moves south across Texas. A very moist airmass
    with steep mid-level lapse rates will be in place with 45 to 50
    knots of deep-layer shear. Therefore, organized storms, including
    the potential for supercells exists during the morning hours
    Saturday before the front moves into northern Mexico/the Gulf.

    ..Bentley.. 05/01/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 1 19:25:27 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 011925
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 011924

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 PM CDT Thu May 01 2025

    Valid 031200Z - 041200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS MAINLY SATURDAY AFTERNOON/EVENING FROM THE SOUTHEAST INTO THE MID-ATLANTIC AND
    SOUTHERN NEW ENGLAND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe storms are possible on Saturday from the
    Southeast to southern New England and across deep South Texas.

    ...Mid-Atlantic into the Southeast...
    Somewhat of a blocking pattern will evolve over the CONUS by
    Saturday, with a closed low over the mid MS/lower OH Valleys,
    downstream from a ridge over the Plains, and another closed low near
    southern CA. Weak surface cyclogenesis is expected across the OH
    Valley downstream from the closed midlevel low, with a cold front
    trailing southwestward to south TX. A broad warm sector with
    boundary-layer dewpoints in the 60s is expected from the
    Mid-Atlantic into the Southeast, though substantial convection
    through Friday/D2 casts some uncertainty on the quality of buoyancy
    in the warm sector from the OH Valley into AL by Saturday. Assuming
    a few pockets of surface heating coincident with the band of
    stronger midlevel flow east-through-southeast of the midlevel low,
    there could be a few clusters/line segments capable of producing
    isolated wind damage.

    Stronger surface heating/destabilization is expected east of the
    Appalachians, but forcing for ascent will be weak and storm coverage
    is uncertain well east of the higher terrain during the afternoon,
    with storm development more probable from the Piedmont and Blue
    Ridge northeastward into eastern PA/southeastern NY. Isolated wind
    damage and some hail will be possible.

    There is potential for an eventual upgrade to SLGT risk for a
    portion of the MRGL area, pending more clarity regarding the
    influence of convection prior to D3.

    ...Deep South TX...
    A surface cold front, likely modified by convective outflow Friday
    night, is expected to move southward into South TX early Saturday.
    There is substantial uncertainty regarding the location of the
    effective front, which likewise casts doubt on the potential for
    additional storm development by Saturday afternoon. Will maintain
    the MRGL in this update, but it may need to be removed in subsequent
    updates.

    ..Thompson.. 05/01/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 2 07:30:41 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 020730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 020729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Fri May 02 2025

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHEAST GEORGIA...EASTERN SOUTH CAROLINA...AND FAR SOUTHEAST NORTH
    CAROLINA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong to severe storms are possible across southeast Georgia,
    eastern South Carolina, and southeast North Carolina.

    ...Discussion...
    A mid-level low will become cut-off in the Ohio Valley vicinity on
    Sunday. This will result in only slow eastward advancement of the
    front along the East Coast. Weak to potentially moderate instability
    is expected to develop from southeast Georgia into eastern South
    Carolina and perhaps far southeast North Carolina. Storms are
    possible along the front and/or the sea breeze with perhaps a
    greater threat if these boundaries collide. Mid-level flow should be sufficiently strong for some storm organization including potential
    for a supercell or two. Any severe threat will be mostly diurnal and
    wane by late evening. Warm mid-level temperatures should keep storms
    mostly suppressed across Florida.

    A mid-level low will advance east across the Southwest on Sunday
    with some troughing anticipated across the southern High Plains.
    Strengthening southeasterly flow across Texas will advect Gulf
    moisture west into the Trans Pecos. A supercell is possible in the
    vicinity of the Davis Mountains Sunday afternoon/evening, but it is
    unclear whether sufficient destabilization will occur to support
    this threat. Therefore, no marginal risk has been added at this
    time.

    ..Bentley.. 05/02/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 2 19:23:36 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 021923
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 021922

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 PM CDT Fri May 02 2025

    Valid 041200Z - 051200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE FLORIDA
    EAST COAST INTO SOUTHERN PENNSYLVANIA...AND ACROSS EASTERN NEW
    MEXICO...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe thunderstorms are possible along the
    Florida east coast into the North Carolina/Virginia Piedmont and
    southern Pennsylvania. Additional severe thunderstorms are possible
    across eastern New Mexico.

    ...Coastal GA to southern PA...

    A mid/upper cyclone will remain centered over the OH/TN Valley
    vicinity on Sunday. This will maintain a belt of enhanced mid/upper
    flow across portions of the Southeast and central
    Appalachians/Mid-Atlantic vicinity. Meanwhile, at the surface a cold
    front will stall from roughly northern VA into southeast GA and the
    FL Panhandle. Ahead of the surface boundary, 60s F dewpoints will be
    in place as far north as the Delmarva. Morning showers and clouds
    across the region may limit stronger heating and destabilization,
    but continued moist advection beneath modest midlevel lapse rates
    will support corridors of MLCAPE around 500-750 J/kg. Vertical shear
    will remain modest, around 25 kt effective shear magnitudes, but
    sufficient for at least transient organized updrafts. Stronger cells
    may produce locally damaging gusts or marginal hail.

    ...FL...

    While large-scale ascent will remain nebulous across the region, low
    to mid-60s F dewpoints and strong heating will support weak to
    moderate diurnal destabilization. Forecast guidance suggests a
    well-defined sea breeze will develop along the FL east coast.
    Low-level convergence along this boundary within the moderately
    unstable airmass should support isolated to scattered
    cellular/multicell convection during the afternoon. While vertical
    shear will remain modest (around 25 kt effective shear), vertically
    veering profiles and steep low-level lapse rates suggest locally
    strong gusts and perhaps a tornado could occur along the sea breeze
    boundary.

    ...Eastern NM...

    An upper cyclone will develop eastward across the Southwest on
    Sunday. A belt of enhanced mid/upper southerly flow will overspread
    the southern Rockies/adjacent High Plains during the
    afternoon/evening. Near the surface, southeasterly upslope flow is
    forecast. While boundary moisture will remain meager (dewpoints
    generally in the 40s F), cool temperatures aloft (around -15 C at
    500 mb) will result in steep midlevel lapse rates, supporting weak
    instability. Isolated to scattered thunderstorms are expected to
    develop along the central mountains of NM and spread into the
    adjacent High Plains with time from late afternoon into the evening
    hours. Isolated large hail and strong gusts will be possible with
    these storms.

    ..Leitman.. 05/02/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 3 07:41:36 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 030739
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 030738

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0238 AM CDT Sat May 03 2025

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PORTIONS OF THE
    SOUTHERN HIGH PLAINS INTO CENTRAL TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible from the southern High Plains into
    parts of central Texas Monday afternoon and evening. Large to very
    large hail and severe winds are the primary threats. Additional
    strong to severe storms capable of large hail are possible along the
    eastern Florida Peninsula coast.

    ...Synopsis...
    With the upper-level blocking pattern still in place, movement of
    the upper lows in the Ohio Valley and Southwest will be slow. The
    Southwest upper low is expected to make enough progress eastward
    that stronger mid-level winds will spread more broadly across the
    southern Plains.

    ...Southeast Colorado into southern High Plains/central Texas...
    Moisture return will continue roughly along the Rio Grande Valley
    into portions of central Texas and the Permian Basin. Models differ
    on the northward advancement of this moisture, but generally agree
    that low 60s F dewpoints should reach southeast New Mexico and parts
    of the Trans-Pecos/Big Bend. As the mid-level shortwave trough
    ejects into the region by the afternoon, convection is expected to
    form within the Davis Sacramento Mountains as well as on the surface trough/dryline. These initial storms will likely be supercellular
    given 50-55 kts of effective shear and 1500-2500 J/kg MLCAPE. Large
    to very-large hail and isolated severe gusts would be the main
    threats. During the evening, the low-level jet and moisture
    advection will strengthen. Upscale growth into one or more clusters
    of storms will be possible as this occurs. This pattern would
    support MCS development and a greater risk for severe wind gusts,
    but with the placement of the theta-e gradient uncertain, an
    increase in severe probabilities will be withheld at this point.

    Additional strong/severe storms are possible along the pseudo warm front/moisture gradient in central Texas during the afternoon. There
    is some potential for additional activity during the evening
    overnight depending on the evolution of convective clusters/MCSs
    farther west.

    ...Florida...
    Moderately strong flow aloft will continue on Monday across the
    Florida Peninsula on the southern flank of the upper low.
    Temperatures aloft will remain relatively cool (-10 to -12 C at 500
    mb) and stronger surface heating should promote 1500 to perhaps 2000
    J/kg MLCAPE. As storms develop on the eastern sea breeze boundary, a
    few strong to severe storms will be capable of large hail and
    isolated damaging winds.

    ...Mid-Atlantic...
    Early day precipitation and cloud cover make afternoon
    destabilization uncertain in this region. Winds fields will support
    organized storms, however. If confidence increases in greater
    destabilization within parts of the Blue Ridge/Piedmont region, a
    marginal hail/wind risk may be warranted.

    ..Wendt.. 05/03/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 3 19:21:56 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 031921
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 031920

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 PM CDT Sat May 03 2025

    Valid 051200Z - 061200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER PORTIONS OF
    WESTERN AND CENTRAL TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible from the southern High Plains into
    parts of central Texas Monday afternoon and evening. Large to very
    large hail and severe winds are the primary threats. Additional
    strong to severe storms are possible along the eastern Florida east
    coast and from northeast North Carolina to the Lake Erie vicinity.

    ...Southern High Plains into central Texas...

    The upper shortwave trough/low over the Southwest will pivot east to
    the southern Rockies/High Plains on Monday. Enhanced southwesterly
    deep-layer flow will overspread the region as this occurs. In the
    low-levels, lee troughing will strengthen along the High Plains with
    a small surface low forming over far west TX. Strengthening
    southeasterly low-level flow will transport Gulf moisture northwest,
    with upper 50s to mid 60s F dewpoints expected across the TX South
    Plains and Permian Basin/Trans-Pecos region. More modest moisture
    will extend northward into the TX/OK Panhandles and southeast CO to
    the north of a warm front draped across north-central TX.

    Strong heating along the dryline extending along the TX/NM border
    vicinity into the Big Bend is forecast. Cooling aloft will support
    steep midlevel lapse rates and moderate instability is expected.
    Supercell wind profiles, with curved low-level hodographs, becoming elongated/straight above 2-3 km suggest large to very large hail
    will be possible with initial convection. Additional storms are
    likely to develop in the low-level warm advection regime along the
    warm front, and as a low-level jet strengthens during the
    evening/overnight. This may support upscale development with time,
    and an MCS could form and track across central TX with an attendant
    risk for damaging gusts.

    More isolated storms are expected within the modestly unstable, but
    still strongly sheared environment with northward extent across the
    OK/TX Panhandles into southeast CO. Hail and gust winds may occur
    with this activity into Monday evening.

    ...North Carolina to Lake Erie...

    The upper cyclone over KY early Monday will lift northeast toward
    the upper Ohio Valley. Enhanced mid/upper flow will persist over the
    region while cooling aloft supports modestly steep midlevel lapse
    rates. At the surface, southeasterly low-level flow will support mid
    50s to low 60s F dewpoints. Diurnal heating may be limited by
    cloudiness and perhaps areas of morning showers. Nevertheless,
    modest destabilization to less than 1000 J/kg MLCAPE appears
    possible. Sufficient vertical shear will be present for some
    cellular organization, and isolated hail and perhaps locally gusty
    winds will be possible.

    ...Florida...

    Thunderstorms are expected to develop Monday afternoon in a
    moderately unstable airmass (supported by mid 60s dewpoints and cool temperatures aloft). Low to midlevel flow will remain weak on the
    southern periphery of the upper cyclone over the Ohio Valley.
    However, vertically veering profiles becoming northwesterly above
    500 mb will support around 25 kt effective shear, and
    elongated/straight hodographs. Isolated hail and gusty winds are
    possible.

    ..Leitman.. 05/03/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 4 07:34:27 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 040733
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 040733

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0233 AM CDT Sun May 04 2025

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF
    CENTRAL INTO EAST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible across much of Central into East
    Texas and western/central Louisiana. All severe hazards would be
    possible.

    ...Synopsis...
    An ejecting shortwave trough will lift northeastward through Central
    into Northeast Texas on Tuesday. Continued moisture advection
    northward will bring upper 60s to low 70s dewpoints in
    South/Central/Southeast Texas and parts of the lower Mississippi
    Valley. Early period precipitation appears likely along a warm front
    within the Red River region southeastward into Louisiana. Additional
    early precipitation is possible within the Edwards Plateau into
    Central Texas, but uncertainty is greater in this scenario. A
    dryline is expected in central Texas during the afternoon.

    ...Central Texas into Sabine Valley...
    The expectation of early day precipitation complicates the overall
    forecast for the afternoon. Even so, a very moist and weakly capped
    airmass is forecast to be in place south of the warm front and east
    of the developing dryline. The ECMWF is more aggressive with the
    early development of a cluster of storms/MCS. In this scenario,
    convection would likely strengthen as surface heating occurs ahead
    of it. The GFS/NAM show greater potential for the dryline to be a
    focus for convection during the afternoon. Here, supercells capable
    of all hazards would be possible. There is potential for significant
    severe, with very large hail being the primary concern, but
    uncertainty in the convective evolution keeps confidence too low to
    highlight any particularly area.

    ...Red River into ArkLaTex...
    Storms along the warm front will likely be ongoing early in the day
    and continue to develop within the warm advection regime into the
    afternoon. Strong shear and moderate buoyancy would promote a risk
    for large hail and damaging winds. Numerous storms and their
    interactions will tend to temper the overall severe threat. Many of
    these storms will be at least slightly elevated north of the
    boundary. Tornadoes could also occur with surface-based storms
    within the warm front zone.

    ..Wendt.. 05/04/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 4 19:22:04 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 041920
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 041919

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0219 PM CDT Sun May 04 2025

    Valid 061200Z - 071200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS CENTRAL
    INTO EAST TEXAS AND FAR SOUTHWEST LOUISIANA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible across much of Central into East
    Texas and western/central Louisiana. All severe hazards would be
    possible.

    ...OK/TX to LA...

    An upper shortwave trough will develop eastward across TX to the
    Lower MS Valley on Tuesday. Enhanced deep-layer southwesterly flow
    will overspread the region as low-level moist advection aids in a
    weakly capped and moderately unstable environment across parts of
    central/east TX. A warm front is forecast to slowly lift northward
    into north TX/the Red River vicinity. Meanwhile, a dryline will
    extend southward across central TX.

    The forecast is complicated by likely ongoing convection Tuesday
    morning, both along the warm front and possibly with a remnant
    cluster across central Texas. Downstream, dewpoints in the mid 60s
    to low 70s F within the warm sector and steep midlevel lapse rates
    will result in a corridor of 1500-2500 J/kg MLCAPE. Supercell wind
    profiles will support organized convection, though storm mode
    remains a bit uncertain. It is possible discrete cells could develop
    along the dryline and shift east during the afternoon/evening.
    Clustering along the warm front also could result in a developing
    MCS. While details remain uncertain, potential for significant
    all-hazards severe is possible and outlook upgrades may be needed in
    later outlooks.

    With northward extent across the Red River Valley into the ArkLaTex,
    cooler temperatures to the north of the warm front, and more
    widespread precipitation/cloud cover will limit stronger
    destabilization. Nevertheless, moderate shear within the warm
    frontal zone and steep midlevel lapse rates could support isolated
    severe potential in the form of hail and strong gusts.

    ..Leitman.. 05/04/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon May 5 07:28:39 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 050727
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 050727

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 AM CDT Mon May 05 2025

    Valid 071200Z - 081200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Potential for organized severe weather is expected to be low on
    Wednesday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An elongated upper low within the Southwest into the southern Plains
    will weaken as it slowly moves eastward on Wednesday. The strongest,
    but decreasing with time, mid-level winds will reside along the Gulf
    Coast. At the surface, weak boundaries are expected to extend from
    the lower Mississippi Valley into South Texas.

    At the start of the period, convection is expected to be in portions
    of the lower Mississippi Valley. This activity should be moving into
    a stable airmass and does not currently appear that it will pose an
    organized severe threat. Models differ in the expansiveness of this
    convective activity. The NAM in particular shows outflow stalling in
    southern Louisiana into the Upper Texas Coast. If this were to
    occur, a very moist airmass and lingering moderate mid-level flow
    could allow for a zone of strong to severe storms near the outflow
    boundary. The ECMWF/GFS push outflow offshore. There is additional
    potential for strong to severe storms in South Texas. However, some
    capping will be in place and mid-level heights will be neutral.
    Confidence in organized severe weather remains too low for
    probabilities at this time.

    ..Wendt.. 05/05/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue May 6 07:23:29 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 060721
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 060720

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 AM CDT Tue May 06 2025

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Potential for organized severe weather is uncertain on Thursday,
    though stronger storms may occur in parts of the Southeast and the
    eastern Florida coast.

    ...Synopsis...
    The upper-level trough will continue to become broad and elongated
    in the Midwest/East on Thursday. As this occurs, a strong belt of
    mid-level winds will be maintained along the Gulf Coast region into
    the Southeast and North Florida. The surface pattern will remain
    somewhat disorganized, but a weak cold front/surface trough is
    anticipated from the Lower Mississippi Valley into the southern
    Mid-Atlantic region. Convection is likely along the coast into the
    northern Gulf on a remnant boundary.

    ...Florida...
    Convection is likely to form on the sea breeze boundary in
    east-central into North Florida. Temperatures aloft will be around
    -11 C at 500 mb. With the belt of stronger mid-level winds in the
    region, it is possible a few stronger storms could produce hail or
    strong winds. The primary uncertainty is the evolution of the
    upper-level trough. The NAM is currently the only guidance showing
    sufficient shear for organized storms. Other guidance has the
    stronger winds lagging to the west.

    ...Northern Portions of Mississippi/Alabama...
    Some boundary-layer destabilization is possible along the weak
    surface trough during the afternoon. Confidence in strong enough
    wind shear for organized convection is medium to high, but potential
    for cloud cover from isolated early day activity along the trough
    and activity near the Gulf coast increases uncertainty in adequate
    buoyancy.

    ..Wendt.. 05/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue May 6 19:31:29 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 061931
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 061930

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 PM CDT Tue May 06 2025

    Valid 081200Z - 091200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN A BROAD
    PORTION OF THE SOUTHERN AND EASTERN CONUS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms with large hail and damaging winds are
    possible, mainly Thursday afternoon and evening, from southern Texas
    across the Southeast and into the Lower Mid-Atlantic States.

    ...Synopsis...
    A trio of primary shortwave impulses will aid in placement of a
    large-scale trough from QC to the Rio Grande on Thursday afternoon.
    This will support a broad swath of 30-50 kt 500-mb southwesterlies
    across much of the southern to eastern states. This will occur
    beneath upper-level jetlets, centered on the Lower Mid-Atlantic
    States to the central/southern Appalachians, and trailing into
    central/east TX. Attendant surface reflection will be weak, with
    minor lows in the Mid-South and VA. A surface ridge should nose down
    the southern High Plains and across much of the Rio Grande.

    ...Rio Grande Valley...
    The lower-amplitude impulse within the base of the broad trough may
    dampen somewhat. But most guidance suggests sufficient large-scale
    ascent will exist for thunderstorms from the Trans-Pecos
    moving/developing southeastward along the Rio Grande Thursday
    afternoon and evening. The aforementioned surface ridging will
    temper buoyancy northwest of Deep South TX. But a sufficient combo
    of CAPE/shear should exist for at least isolated large hail and
    strong gusts.

    ...Mid/Deep South...
    Convective signal is strongest near the Mid-South shortwave impulse
    during peak heating and along the central Gulf Coast during the
    morning. The impact of the early-day activity yields a more nebulous
    evolution to strong/severe storms north and east of it across the
    Deep South. Where more robust diurnal heating can occur, the
    favorable deep-layer flow regime will offer a threat of both severe
    hail and damaging wind.

    ...South Atlantic Coast...
    A mix of isolated severe hail and damaging winds will be possible,
    especially along the sea breeze. A moderate combination of mid-level
    westerlies and MLCAPE should foster a few weakly rotating
    cells/clusters Thursday afternoon.

    ...Lower Mid-Atlantic...
    A well-mixed boundary layer seems plausible by Thursday afternoon
    amid limited low-level moisture north of the Carolinas. Strong
    mid/upper-level speed shear and weak mid-level height falls should
    support small hail in at least isolated storms, along and east of
    the Appalachians. This will likely enhance downburst potential and
    isolated damaging winds should be the main hazard.

    ..Grams.. 05/06/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed May 7 07:13:53 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 070713
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 070712

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0212 AM CDT Wed May 07 2025

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE FLORIDA
    PANHANDLE INTO THE SOUTHERN ATLANTIC COAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe storms are possible from the Florida
    Panhandle into North Florida, southeast Georgia, and central/coastal
    South Carolina on Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    The elongated upper-level trough will begin to evolve into a
    stronger trough in the Northeast with a weak cutoff low developing
    in parts of the southern Plains and Mid-South. Much of the stronger
    mid-level winds will be offshore during the period. During the
    afternoon, remnant 30-40 kts mid-level winds are expected from the
    Florida Panhandle into South Carolina. Convection appears possible
    along a weak surface boundary as well as the Atlantic sea breeze.

    ...Florida Panhandle into South Carolina...
    Dewpoints near and south of the weak boundary should hold in the
    low/mid 60s F during the afternoon. Despite some potential cloud
    cover influence from convection within the Gulf, most guidance
    suggests that strong surface heating should occur. 1500-2000 J/kg
    MLCAPE and 25-35 kts of effective shear will support organized
    storms. Highest confidence in development is along the Florida sea
    breeze. The weak surface boundary may see more isolated coverage
    unless some clustering can occur. Isolated large hail and damaging
    winds will be possible.

    ..Wendt.. 05/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed May 7 19:23:57 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 071923
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 071922

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0222 PM CDT Wed May 07 2025

    Valid 091200Z - 101200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS IN THE
    SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms, from damaging winds along with some
    hail, are possible across the Southeast States, mainly on Friday
    afternoon to early evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    An elongated mid/upper-level trough will begin to separate into a
    more compact trough across the Northeast and a weak cutoff low over
    the South-Central States. A weak surface cyclone should accompany
    the northern shortwave impulse, tracking from the VA vicinity
    towards coastal southern New England.

    ...Southeast...
    The aforementioned synoptic pattern evolution will confine the
    spatial extent of at least moderate mid-level west-southwesterlies
    closer to the Coastal Plain and Piedmont regions of the Southeast by
    Friday afternoon. This should overlap a broad swath of 60s surface
    dew points, with strong boundary-layer heating from the Carolinas
    southward where moderate buoyancy is anticipated. Large-scale ascent
    tied to the vigorous shortwave impulse over the Northeast should
    largely remain displaced farther north of this plume. Highest
    confidence in scattered storm development is along the sea breezes
    and lee trough along the southern Appalachians. Isolated damaging
    winds and severe hail will be possible.

    ..Grams.. 05/07/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 8 07:34:25 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 080733
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 080733

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0233 AM CDT Thu May 08 2025

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PARTS OF THE
    EASTERN FLORIDA PANHANDLE...NORTH FLORIDA...FAR SOUTHERN GEORGIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe storms are possible in parts of northern
    Florida and southern Georgia on Saturday.

    ...Synopsis...
    The cutoff upper low in the lower Mississippi Valley is forecast to
    retrograde westward on Saturday. A warm front will be roughly
    parallel to the Gulf Coast. Warm air advection across the warm front
    and subtle shortwave perturbations around the upper low will promote
    widespread precipitation in the central/eastern Gulf Coast regions.
    A trough will push into the Northwest and northern Rockies with
    strong mid-level winds moving into western Montana towards Sunday
    morning.

    ...Florida Panhandle...North Florida...southern Georgia...
    Moderate southwesterly flow aloft will persist through the day.
    There will be concern for cloud cover from the convection to the
    west and within the Gulf itself. However, a plume of steeper
    mid-level lapse rates will extent into parts of central/northeast
    Florida. Where surface heating can occur, a few strong to severe
    storms are possible. Large hail and damaging winds would be the
    primary threats, but a tornado could occur near the warm front.
    Upper level winds will not be overly strong and shear will be
    focused from low to mid-levels. This will potentially lead to rain
    negatively impacting inflow of storms.

    ...Southwest Montana...
    With the approach of mid-level shortwave trough, isolated convection
    will likely develop within the higher terrain. Moisture will be
    limited, but cold temperatures aloft will promote weak MLCAPE in
    some areas. A few strong to near-severe gusts could occur, but storm coverage/intensity does not currently warrant probabilities.

    ..Wendt.. 05/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 8 18:31:42 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 081831
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 081830

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0130 PM CDT Thu May 08 2025

    Valid 101200Z - 111200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM NORTHERN
    FLORIDA INTO FAR SOUTHERN GEORGIA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe storms are possible in parts of northern
    Florida and southern Georgia on Saturday.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper ridge will shift into the Plains on Saturday, as a compact
    shortwave trough exits the Northeast. Beneath the building ridge, an
    upper low will meander about the Sabine/lower MS Valleys, providing
    cool air aloft.

    At the surface, high pressure will stretch from James Bay into the
    Southern Plains, with another ridge from the Carolinas into the mid
    MS Valley. An old front will stall roughly from far southern AL and
    GA into northern FL, with northerly winds across much of the western
    Gulf.

    ...Northern FL into southern GA...
    Storms will likely be ongoing near or just south of the northern
    Gulf Coast for much of the day. Some of this activity may affect
    parts of the coastal FL Panhandle with heavy rain and locally strong
    wind gusts.

    To the east, heating over parts of FL, and perhaps far southern GA,
    will contribute to around 1500 J/kg MLCAPE, resulting in an uncapped
    air mass. Convergence near the front as well as weak warm advection
    from the south will lead to scattered storms. Shear will not be
    particularly strong, but the strongest initial cores may produce
    hail as temperatures aloft will be cool. Otherwise, clusters of
    storms or outflows could locally cause wind damage.

    ..Jewell.. 05/08/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 9 07:30:49 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 090730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 090729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Fri May 09 2025

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SUNDAY INTO
    SUNDAY NIGHT ACROSS PARTS OF CNTRL AND NRN FL...SWRN GA...SRN/WRN
    AL...SRN AND CNTRL MS...SERN LA...ERN MT...NWRN SD...WRN ND...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered strong thunderstorms may impact the eastern Gulf
    coast region on Sunday, posing at least some risk for severe hail
    and locally strong surface gusts. Additional thunderstorms may be
    accompanied by strong to severe surface gusts across parts of
    eastern Montana into the western Dakotas late Sunday afternoon and
    evening.

    ...Discussion...
    Little change to the general large-scale pattern is expected from
    Saturday into Sunday, with much of North America remaining under the
    influence of amplified, split westerlies - stronger across the
    northern mid-latitudes than across the southern mid- and subtropical
    latitudes. Within this regime, significant mid-level troughing,
    with at least a couple of smaller-scale embedded perturbations, is
    forecast to begin digging inland of the northern U.S. Pacific coast.
    It appears that the leading edge of broad downstream ridging across
    the interior of North America will overspread the St. Lawrence
    Valley and Northeast. In lower latitudes, the center of a broad
    mid-level low may begin a very slow acceleration back to the
    northeast, across the lower Mississippi Valley vicinity.

    In lower levels, an initial weak low may weaken further across the
    Canadian Prairies into northern Ontario, as surface troughing
    deepens upstream, to the lee of the Canadian and northern U.S.
    Rockies. The center of cool surface ridging, initially across the
    lower Great Lakes vicinity, is likely to redevelop southeastward off
    the northern Mid Atlantic coast. Near the southwestern periphery of
    this surface ridging, a broad area of lower surface pressure may
    shift inland off the Gulf into the lower Mississippi Valley,
    accompanied by boundary-layer moistening inland of eastern Gulf
    coastal areas.

    ...Lower Mississippi Valley/eastern Gulf Coast...
    Beneath the mid-level cold core of the low, and the downstream
    modest, difluent southwesterly mid/upper flow, models suggest that thermodynamic profiles by Sunday afternoon may become conducive to
    widely scattered strong thunderstorms with potential to produce some
    severe hail and locally strong surface gusts. This is expected to
    generally become focused within the weak surface troughing across
    parts of the western Florida Panhandle and southern Alabama into
    southeastern Louisiana and southern/central Mississippi, and perhaps
    along a convective outflow boundary advancing into Florida coastal
    areas north of Tampa.

    ...Northern Rockies/Great Plains...
    Downstream of the of large-scale mid/upper troughing digging into
    the Northwest, it appears that forcing for ascent could support
    scattered high-based thunderstorm activity, particularly within an
    evolving deeply mixed boundary layer characterize by large surface temperature/dew point spreads, but with weak CAPE, to the lee of the
    northern Rockies. The NAM, perhaps more so than other guidance,
    suggests that consolidating outflow, associated with a clustering of
    storms across parts of southeastern Montana into the western
    Dakotas, aided by evaporative cooling/some melting and downward
    transport of momentum, may become sufficient for a few strong to
    severe surface gusts by Sunday evening.

    ..Kerr.. 05/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 9 19:31:02 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 091930
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 091929

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 PM CDT Fri May 09 2025

    Valid 111200Z - 121200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PARTS OF THE
    NORTHERN ROCKIES AND HIGH PLAINS...AND OVER PARTS OF THE
    SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered strong thunderstorms may impact the eastern Gulf
    coast region on Sunday, posing at least some risk for severe hail
    and locally strong surface gusts. Additional thunderstorms may be
    accompanied by strong gusts across parts of the northern Rockies and
    High Plains late Sunday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low will remain nearly stationary over LA, providing cool
    temperatures aloft from TX into the Gulf Coast region. Moderate
    southwest winds aloft will remain over the eastern Gulf and
    overspread much of AL, GA, and FL late. Low pressure and numerous
    storms will affect those same states for much of the day.

    To the west, an upper trough over the Pacific Northwest will deepen
    further, with a 70 kt midlevel jet nosing into central MT. A surface
    trough will deepen over the northern High Plains, and extending west
    across MT and into ID, with steep lapse rates supporting scattered thunderstorms.

    ...Southern MS/AL/GA into FL...
    Numerous storms will likely be ongoing throughout the day over the
    northeast Gulf and spreading into AL, northern FL and GA. Scattered
    strong wind gusts may occur with these outflows. Farther west,
    daytime storms may also develop over MS and AL where heating occurs
    beneath the cool temperatures aloft. Sporadic hail or strong gusts
    may occur.

    ...Northern High Plains...
    As the upper trough overspreads the region, steepening lapse rates
    will result in a large area of potential thunderstorm threat.
    Strengthening southwest flow aloft will also conditionally support
    cellular activity with marginal hail or localized severe gusts. At
    this time, will maintain the existing Marginal Risk over eastern MT
    near the lee trough. Additional parts of MT or even ID and northwest
    WY may eventually need to be added to the Marginal Risk area in
    later outlooks.

    ..Jewell.. 05/09/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 10 07:24:36 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 100724
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 100723

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 AM CDT Sat May 10 2025

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS MONDAY ACROSS
    MUCH OF FLORIDA...GEORGIA...AND WRN/CNTRL SOUTH CAROLINA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Widely scattered strong storms may impact parts of the Southeast on
    Monday, particularly a corridor across the Florida Peninsula into
    the South Carolina Piedmont, where strongest activity may pose a
    risk for producing a couple of tornadoes and locally strong surface
    gusts.

    ...Discussion...
    Within the amplified, split westerlies, one significant mid/upper
    trough is forecast to continue digging inland of the U.S. Pacific
    coast during this period, downstream of a prominent ridge across the mid-latitude eastern Pacific. It does appear that one or two
    smaller-scale perturbations emerging from this trough will
    accelerate northeastward across the northern U.S. Rockies into the
    Canadian Prairies, around the northwestern periphery of broad
    downstream ridging extending across the northern U.S. Great Plains
    through St. Lawrence Valley.

    In lower-levels, models indicate that deeper surface troughing will
    shift east of the Rockies into Saskatchewan/Manitoba and the
    Dakotas, while deepening southward through the southern high plains.
    However, destabilization near this feature is likely to be
    significantly inhibited by warm air aloft, and the lack of
    appreciable low-level moisture return due to the continuing presence
    of a broad mid/upper low initially centered across the lower
    Mississippi Valley.

    Cut off from the stronger westerlies, to the south of the broad
    mid-level ridging, movement of this low is likely to remain slow;
    however, models indicate that it will probably elongate
    north-northeastward across the Mid South and lower Ohio Valley,
    while taking on a negative tilt east of the lower Mississippi Valley
    into Southeast. In lower levels, this may be accompanied by broad,
    weak surface troughing developing across much of the Southeast, as
    surface ridging slowly shifts east of the Atlantic Seaboard.

    ...Southeast...
    Differences exist among the various model output, but the gradient
    between the low-level ridging and troughing may continue to support
    a belt of modest southerly low-level flow (20-30+ kt around 850 mb)
    along a corridor roughly from the Florida Peninsula into the South
    Carolina Piedmont. It appears probable that this will coincide with
    a deep lower/mid-tropospheric moist plume emanating from the lower
    latitudes, beneath a belt of moderate to strong, difluent
    southwesterly high-level flow, perhaps contributing to an
    environment at least conditionally supportive of supercells with
    potential to produce tornadoes and locally strong surface gusts.

    ..Kerr.. 05/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 10 19:03:37 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 101903
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 101902

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0202 PM CDT Sat May 10 2025

    Valid 121200Z - 131200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE SOUTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Strong storms may impact parts of the Southeast on Monday,
    particularly a corridor across the Florida Peninsula into the South
    Carolina Piedmont, where strongest activity may pose a risk for
    producing a couple of tornadoes, locally strong surface gusts, and
    marginally severe hail.

    ...Eastern AL into GA/FL/SC...

    An upper low over the Lower MS Valley will lift north/northeast
    toward the lower OH Valley on Monday. Enhanced southwesterly flow on
    the eastern periphery of this feature will overspread much of FL
    into GA and the Carolinas. At the surface, southeasterly low-level
    flow will maintain mid 60s F dewpoints. Cool temperatures aloft (-10
    to -14 C) will support modest destabilization, though ongoing
    convection Monday morning and regional cloud cover are likely to
    limit stronger insolation. Given vertically veering wind profile
    with 30-40 kt flow above 700 mb, effective shear magnitudes greater
    than 30 kt are forecast. This should allow for scattered organized
    cells, with isolated supercells possible. Locally strong gusts,
    isolated marginally severe hail, and a couple of tornadoes will be
    possible across the Marginal risk (level 1 of 5) area during the
    afternoon.

    ..Leitman.. 05/10/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 11 07:29:10 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 110729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 110728

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0228 AM CDT Sun May 11 2025

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for severe thunderstorms currently appears negligible
    across the U.S. Tuesday through Tuesday night.

    ...Discussion...
    It appears that significant mid/upper-level troughing progressing
    inland of the U.S. Pacific coast may dig as far south as the lower
    Colorado Valley, and suppress ridging within a belt of westerlies
    emanating from the subtropical eastern Pacific, across the
    southwestern international border area. Thereafter, models indicate
    that the perturbation will turn eastward across the Intermountain
    West later Tuesday through Tuesday night, with intensifying difluent west-southwesterly mid/upper flow overspreading the southern Rockies
    by 12Z Wednesday.

    In lower levels, modestly deep surface troughing to the lee of the
    Rockies may continue to slowly shift eastward across the Great
    Plains. However, in the wake of broad, weak negatively tilted
    mid/upper troughing shifting east of the Mississippi Valley, toward
    the Atlantic coast at a slower pace than the upstream trough,
    strengthening low-level flow (up to 30-40 kt around 850 mb) is
    forecast to maintain a pronounced westerly component across the
    southern Great Plains into lower Mississippi Valley. This will
    continue to impede boundary-layer moisture return off the Gulf into
    the Great Plains, though evapotranspiration may contribute to
    moistening beneath the leading edge of a plume of warm elevated
    mixed-layer air advecting eastward across the central and southern
    Great Plains.

    Downstream, models indicate that there will be gradual further
    deepening of broad, weak surface troughing across much of the
    Southeast. However, the plume of seasonably high moisture content
    air emanating from the lower latitudes is forecast to generally
    shift east of the south Atlantic coast during the day Tuesday,
    though this may be slower to occur across southeast coastal areas of
    the Florida Peninsula.

    ...Intermountain West into Great Plains...
    Models suggest that destabilization beneath an elongated mid-level
    cold pool, trailing the surface cold front, may contribute to
    scattered, generally weak/diurnal thunderstorm activity across the
    northern Rockies and intermountain region, into the vicinity of the
    northern Sierra Nevada.

    Near the surface troughing across the Dakotas, it appears that a
    strongly heated and deeply mixed boundary may become characterized
    by 40-50 F surface temperature/dew point spreads, but with
    thermodynamic profiles still supportive of CAPE on the order of
    500-1000 J/kg. High-based thunderstorm development appears possible
    near/after peak heating, which could pose some risk for locally
    strong surface gusts. However, the extent of this potential remains
    unclear, and too uncertain to introduce even low severe
    probabilities at the present time.

    ...Ohio Valley/Mid Atlantic/Southeast...
    Scattered, largely diurnal thunderstorm activity will again be
    possible beneath the weak/weakening mid-level troughing. Stronger
    convection may focus along the sea breeze near southeastern Florida
    coastal areas, and perhaps across parts of the mid and southern
    Atlantic Piedmont, where at least modest boundary-layer
    destabilization may occur. However, it is not yet clear that this
    will be accompanied by an appreciable risk for severe weather.

    ..Kerr.. 05/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 11 19:12:13 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 111912
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 111911

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0211 PM CDT Sun May 11 2025

    Valid 131200Z - 141200Z

    ...NO SEVERE THUNDERSTORM AREAS FORECAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    The risk for severe thunderstorms currently appears low across the
    U.S. Tuesday through Tuesday night.

    ...Ohio Valley into the Southeast...

    The persistent mid/upper low over the Mid-South and attendant trough
    extending into the Gulf will likely weaken as the system shift east
    toward the Atlantic coast on Tuesday. While some modest vertical
    shear will remain over portions of the region, overall wind field is
    expected to be weaker. Nevertheless, a seasonally moist airmass will
    modestly destabilize diurnally in pockets of heating. Isolated
    strong storms producing locally gusty winds and perhaps small hail
    are possible, though overall severe potential appears less compared
    to previous days.

    ...Intermountain West into the Great Plains...

    A deepening upper trough near the Pacific coast will shift east over
    the West on Tuesday. A belt of enhanced southwesterly flow will
    overspread the Rockies to the High Plains. Diurnal thunderstorms may
    develop over the northern Great Basin and northern Rockies.
    Instability and heating are expected to remain modest, limiting
    severe potential across the higher terrain of the Intermountain
    West.

    Further east into the Plains, lee troughing along the High Plains
    will sharpen with the approach of the upper trough. The upper low
    over the southeastern U.S. will limit northwest moisture return
    across much of the Plains. Nevertheless, strong heating and steep
    midlevel lapse rates will support weak to moderate destabilization.
    However, capping will likely limit much in the way of thunderstorm
    development. A surface cold front is forecast to move east/southeast
    across the Dakotas during the evening and overnight. This may allow
    for a storm or two to develop after peak heating. This activity
    would likely be either elevated or high-based. If a storm develops,
    hail would be possible. Uncertainty in storm development/coverage
    precludes severe probabilities at this time.

    ..Leitman.. 05/11/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon May 12 07:23:06 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 120722
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 120721

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0221 AM CDT Mon May 12 2025

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PARTS OF THE
    CENTRAL AND NORTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated severe thunderstorms are possible across parts of the
    central to northern Plains Wednesday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    A progressive upper trough is forecast to pivot from the
    Intermountain West into the northern Plains through the day
    Wednesday. Ahead of this wave, an elongated surface trough draped
    across the Plains will undergo consolidation as a surface cyclone
    begins to organize over the Dakotas through the forecast period. The
    arrival of a cold front coincident with the ejection of the upper
    trough will provide an impetus for thunderstorm development across
    the central to northern Plains during the afternoon and evening
    hours. Further east, a weakening upper wave over the Mid-Atlantic
    will continue to slowly lift to the northeast. A combination of cold temperatures aloft, moist low-level conditions, and modest
    broad-scale ascent will promote widespread showers and weak
    thunderstorms across the upper OH River Valley and Mid-Atlantic
    region.

    ...Central/Northern Plains...
    A somewhat expansive warm sector will become established across much
    of the Plains through the day Wednesday; however, the eastward
    advection of a strong EML will hinder convective development for
    much of the southern and central Plains. Although moisture return
    into the northern Plains will be somewhat modest compared to
    locations further south (dewpoints only reaching the mid to upper
    50s), strong deep-layer ascent ahead of the approaching wave and
    within the left-exit region of the attendant mid-level jet will
    sufficiently erode residual capping by late afternoon to promote
    thunderstorm initiation along the cold front within an unstable air
    mass. The favorable thermodynamic and kinematic environment should
    promote a few strong/severe storms capable of severe hail/wind,
    though deep-layer shear vectors and initial storm motions largely
    parallel to the front will promote quick upscale growth into one or
    more convective clusters/line segments that may limit the overall
    duration and coverage of the severe threat. A more prolonged, but
    isolated, severe threat may materialize late evening into the
    overnight hours within the MO River Valley as isentropic ascent at
    the terminus of the nocturnal jet increases and promotes additional thunderstorm development - though model consensus regarding this
    potential is limited at this range.

    ..Moore.. 05/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon May 12 19:12:11 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 121912
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 121911

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0211 PM CDT Mon May 12 2025

    Valid 141200Z - 151200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER CENTRAL AND
    EASTERN PARTS OF THE DAKOTAS AND NEBRASKA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms are possible mainly over
    parts of the Dakotas and Nebraska Wednesday afternoon and evening.

    ...Synopsis...
    On Wednesday, a potent shortwave trough will move from the Four
    Corners region into the central Plains, with a 70+ kt midlevel speed
    max over KS by 12Z Thursday. The primary upper low will deepen over
    eastern MT, with most of the cooling aloft north of a line from
    northern NM into eastern NE. Ahead of this system, heights will rise
    over the MS Valley and Southeast, while the lingering upper trough
    over the East dissipates further.

    At the surface, a trough will stretch roughly from the central
    Dakotas into KS at 00Z, with a surface low taking shape and
    deepening overnight into eastern NE and IA. Modest moisture return
    will occur ahead of the surface trough, with 50s to near 60 F
    dewpoints to the Dakotas portion of the boundary. A more robust
    plume of moisture with mid 60s F dewpoints is likely from the lower
    MO to middle MS Valleys.

    Overnight, winds around 850 mb will strengthen as the low develops,
    but will also veer from southwest through northwest, resulting in
    advection of drier air.

    ...Northern and central Plains...
    Northern portions of the upper trough will emerge into the northern
    Plains in meridional fashion through early evening, with the primary
    speed max well to the south until early Thursday. Gradual cooling
    aloft will overspread the surface trough and wind shift, where
    strong heating will occur. The result will be moderate instability,
    with scattered storms erupting within the north-south zone from the
    Dakotas into NE.

    Coincident with the storm development, a cold frontal surge will
    occur over the northern High Plains, which should help push this
    activity perhaps into western MN and IA by 12Z Thursday. Shear
    profiles will not be particularly strong initially, but may become
    increasingly favorable overnight to support corridors of severe wind
    and hail.

    ..Jewell.. 05/12/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue May 13 07:29:45 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 130729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 130729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Tue May 13 2025

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS PARTS OF THE UPPER MISSISSIPPI RIVER VALLEY AND WESTERN GREAT LAKES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms are expected across parts
    of the western Great Lakes and Midwest Thursday afternoon and
    evening. A more isolated/conditional severe threat will extend into
    the mid-Mississippi River Valley during the late evening and
    overnight hours.

    ...Synopsis...
    The upper trough currently situated over the Pacific Northwest is
    forecast to eject into the Plains/upper MS River Valley through the
    day Thursday. A surface low will intensify through early afternoon
    before beginning the occlusion process as a Pacific cold front
    pushes east. Ahead of this front, southeasterly low-level flow will
    advect upper 50s to mid 60s dewpoints northeastward into the upper
    MS River Valley and Midwest regions. Thunderstorm development is
    likely along the front as it impinges on the returning moisture
    across the upper MS Valley and western Great Lakes. Strong capping
    with southward extent will likely result in more isolated
    thunderstorm development along the front into parts of the Midwest
    and OH Valley.

    ...Upper MS Valley into the Western Great Lakes...
    Thunderstorm development is anticipated by early afternoon across
    parts of the upper MS River Valley as the Pacific front surges into
    the region under a 50-60 knot mid-level jet. While higher-quality
    moisture will likely remain south of the region, dewpoints in the
    low to mid 60s, coupled with steepening mid-level lapse rates,
    should support MLCAPE values between 1500-2500 J/kg. Strong
    mid-level flow will promote supercell wind profiles, and mean storm
    motions off the front will likely support initially discrete cells
    that should pose a severe hail/wind threat. Upscale growth into an
    organized line is possible given strong forcing along the front as
    an arcing line of storms moves east into the Great Lakes region.

    Discrete supercells will be most probable on the southern extent of
    the line of storms, but increasing capping with southwestward extent
    introduces considerable uncertainty in how far south storms will
    develop. The best thermodynamic and kinematic environment will
    likely extend across IN into western OH and southward to the OH
    river, but most deterministic and ensemble solutions show only weak
    QPF signals across this region through early evening. 15%/Slight
    risk probabilities were maintained for IN/western OH due to account
    for low-probability, but potentially high-impact supercells within
    this environment, but further refinements are likely as the
    likelihood of convective initiation becomes more apparent.

    ...Mid-MS River Valley and lower OH Valley...
    The Pacific front is forecast to gradually stall across northern AR
    into the lower OH Valley through the overnight hours as the primary
    surface low occludes to the north. Thunderstorm development along
    the front is possible during the late evening/overnight hours with
    most ensemble solutions showing some QPF signal during the 06-12 UTC
    period as low-level isentropic ascent increases along the stalled
    boundary. 40-50 knot mid-level flow will favor organized convection,
    though storm motions along the boundary may promote clustering with
    time. Regardless, some severe threat will likely manifest with this
    activity during the overnight hours into early Friday morning.

    ..Moore.. 05/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue May 13 19:33:33 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 131932
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 131931

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 PM CDT Tue May 13 2025

    Valid 151200Z - 161200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS OVER MUCH OF
    WISCONSIN...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered severe thunderstorms are likely across parts of the
    western Great Lakes states and into parts of the Midwest Thursday
    afternoon and evening. Very large hail and a few tornadoes may
    occur. A more isolated/conditional severe threat will extend
    southwestward from western Kentucky into Arkansas late.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper low will deepen over the northern Plains as a midlevel wave
    ejects northeastward toward the upper MS Valley. A surface low will
    also deepen over ND/MN, with occlusion. Extending southeast from the
    low will be a warm front, which will rapidly jump into northern MN
    and WI by late afternoon, and through much of Lower MI during the
    evening. Southeast winds near this boundary will bring mid to
    perhaps upper 60s F dewpoints northwestward, resulting in areas of
    strong instability. Given the fast motion of the shortwave trough
    and strongly veering winds in the low-levels, the primary severe
    risk area may be relatively narrow.

    The main front/dryline will stall near the OH River or Mid MS Valley
    and southwestward toward the Ozarks. This corridor, primarily later
    in the evening, will likely foster isolated severe storms as well.

    Elsewhere, a lingering upper trough will exit the Northeast, and
    warm advection on the backside of this feature may support isolated
    strong to severe storms from parts of PA into the Mid Atlantic
    during the day.

    ...Upper MS Valley/Great Lakes/Midwest...
    Models are in good agreement depicting a strong convective signal
    near the MN/WI border by 20Z or so, with increasing coverage points
    east through evening. Forecast soundings across WI and vicinity
    depict steep lapse rates aloft and hodographs favoring supercells. A
    strong tornado cannot be ruled out given the very favorable
    thermodynamics, including a slight capping inversion atop the moist
    boundary layer in combination with 200-300 m2/s2 ESRH.

    Southeast of the Enhanced Risk area into IL and IN, storm coverage
    looks to be more isolated. However, any supercells in this area will
    have the same significant hail and tornado potential as points
    north. This activity would likely wait until late in the day/after
    21Z and closer to 00Z when heating is maximized to break the cap.

    Nocturnal severe storms will also be likely across much of Lower MI,
    northern IN and OH as activity moves in from the west. Supercells
    producing large hail again appear likely.

    ...OH Valley into AR Late...
    The aforementioned stalled boundary will be situated beneath
    persistent southwest flow at 850 mb Thursday evening and overnight.
    Robust moisture/high theta-e will be in place from eastern OK into
    the OH Valley, and scattered storms are likely to develop overnight.
    This area is a bit more conditional in terms of coverage of severe,
    but clearly large hail will be possible. A brief tornado may occur
    as well although hodographs will be primarily straight by this time.

    ..Jewell.. 05/13/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed May 14 07:23:20 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 140721
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 140720

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 AM CDT Wed May 14 2025

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FROM THE OZARK
    PLATEAU INTO THE OHIO RIVER VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Scattered strong to severe thunderstorms are expected across the
    Ohio Valley region Friday afternoon and evening with more isolated
    severe thunderstorms extending southwestward into northeast Texas.

    ...Synopsis...
    A residual cold front associated with an occluding surface low over
    the upper MS Valley is expected to stall across the Ozark Plateau
    into the lower OH Valley region by around 12 UTC Friday. This
    boundary is expected to lift northward through the day as an
    effective warm front amid a persistent southerly low-level flow
    regime. Aloft, a low-amplitude perturbation is expected to emanate
    out of the central Plains into the mid-MS Valley. Westerly mid-level
    flow associated with this wave will help mix a diffuse surface
    trough/dryline across the eastern Plains through the late afternoon. Thunderstorm development is expected along the lifting warm front
    and possibly off the trough/dryline by late afternoon as lift
    associated with the mid-level wave impinges on the warm sector.

    ...Ozark Plateau into the Ohio River Valley...
    The general consensus among medium and long-range guidance is that thunderstorms developing along the warm front and/or surface trough
    ahead of the mid-level wave will mature in an environment
    characterized by MLCAPE values around 3000 J/kg and effective bulk
    shear values on the order of 40-50 knots. These
    thermodynamic/kinematic conditions will be very favorable for
    long-lived organized convection. However, disagreement among
    solutions persists regarding the northward extent of the warm sector
    by peak heating. Recent ECMWF/EPS runs hint at greater coverage of
    ongoing showers/thunderstorms by 12 UTC Friday that will likely
    inhibit northward advancement of the warm front. Conversely,
    NAM/GFS/GEFS all depict less early-morning convection and thus lift
    the boundary well north into southern IL/IN/OH with a more expansive
    warm sector. As such, the envelope of potential outcomes remains
    somewhat broad. Regardless, some combination of scattered supercells
    and organized clusters, including the potential for a long-lived MCS
    as hinted by some deterministic solutions, appears likely somewhere
    across the Ozarks/OH Valley region Friday afternoon and evening.

    ...Southwest Arkansas into northeast Texas...
    Thunderstorm initiation along a sharpening dryline appears probable
    Friday afternoon/evening from southwest AR into northeast TX based
    on recent ensemble QPF signals. While displaced from the stronger
    mid-level flow and forcing for ascent to the north, sufficient
    buoyancy and deep-layer shear should be in place to support isolated
    supercells across the region with an attendant hail/wind threat.

    ..Moore.. 05/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed May 14 19:33:48 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 141933
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 141932

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0232 PM CDT Wed May 14 2025

    Valid 161200Z - 171200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SOUTHEAST MISSOURI...SOUTHERN ILLINOIS/INDIANA...SOUTHWEST OHIO...AND PORTIONS
    OF WESTERN TO NORTHERN KENTUCKY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are expected across the Middle Mississippi and
    Ohio Valley region Friday afternoon and evening. All-severe hazards
    are possible with this activity. More isolated severe thunderstorms
    will extend southwestward into northeast Texas, and northeast into
    the Mid-Atlantic.

    ...Mid-South/Ohio Valley vicinity...

    An upper trough over the southern High Plains will pivot quickly
    east/northeast across the Midwest on Friday. As this occurs, strong
    mid/upper southwesterly flow will overspread the region, with a 500
    mb jet around 70-90 kt forecast. At the surface, A very moist
    airmass will be in place from southern MO into southern IL and
    northeast into OH. Increasing southerly low-level flow ahead of a
    surface cold front will allow a warm front, roughly along the I-70
    corridor at mid-morning, to lift north toward the northern IL/IN/OH
    through the afternoon. Cooling aloft will result in steep midlevel
    lapse rates atop the mid/upper 60s F dewpoint surface warm sector,
    resulting in strong destabilization.

    A low-level jet around 45-65 kt is forecast to overspread the region
    from peak heating into the evening, coincident with increasing
    large-scale ascent. Both the eastward-advancing cold front/dryline
    across MO, and the warm front vicinity will be a focus for
    convective initiation. One or more bowing clusters is possible, in
    addition to more discrete supercells. Given vertically veering
    supercells wind profiles, significant severe storms appear possible
    -- with a risk for all hazards accompanying this activity, including
    very large hail, tornadoes, and intense wind gusts. The southward
    extent of highest severe potential is a bit uncertain given
    orientation of surface boundaries and potential overnight convection
    in the Day 2/Thursday time period impacting parts of the KY
    vicinity.

    Eventually, a northeast to southwest line of storms will likely
    congeal during the late evening/nighttime hours and sag southward
    across KY into the TN Valley, with a gradually lessening severe risk
    with southward extent during the overnight hours.

    ...TX into OK/AR...

    With southwest extent, severe potential is a bit more
    uncertain/conditional. Some minor height rises may occur across TX
    and the into AR during the late afternoon/evening. Large-scale
    ascent will be weaker and any capping may be more difficult to
    overcome. Nevertheless, a very moist and unstable airmass will be in
    place amid supercell wind profiles. If storms can develop, very
    large hail and strong gusts will be possible.

    ...Mid-Atlantic Vicinity...

    Convection may be ongoing in a warm advection regime Friday morning
    as a weak shortwave impulse moves across the region through
    afternoon. Moderate mid/upper flow will support effective shear
    magnitudes around 25-35 kt, and be sufficient for some organized
    convection. Pockets of stronger heating downstream from morning
    activity will allow for weak to moderate destabilization. Isolated
    strong to severe storms producing hail and gusty winds will be
    possible.

    ..Leitman.. 05/14/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 15 07:29:59 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 150729
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 150729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Thu May 15 2025

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS SATURDAY ACROSS
    PARTS OF EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA...EASTERN VIRGINIA...CENTRAL AND
    EASTERN MARYLAND...DELAWARE...SOUTHEASTERN PENNSYLVANIA...CENTRAL
    AND SOUTHERN NEW JERSEY AND LATE SATURDAY INTO SATURDAY NIGHT ACROSS
    PARTS OF WEST CENTRAL THROUGH NORTH CENTRAL TEXAS...EASTERN OKLAHOMA
    AND SOUTHWESTERN INTO CENTRAL ARKANSAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible Saturday across parts of the Mid
    Atlantic, and late Saturday into Saturday night across parts of the southeastern Great Plains.

    ...Discussion...
    Downstream of a persistent, prominent mid-level ridge across the
    southern mid-latitude and subtropical eastern Pacific, models
    indicate that large-scale troughing will continue to dig inland of
    the Pacific coast through this period. It appears that this will
    include one notable embedded smaller-scale perturbation digging
    across the Sierra Nevada, toward the Four Corners, and a trailing
    perturbation digging across the Pacific Northwest coast.

    Farther downstream, it appears that one or two more modest short
    wave impulses, within a belt of westerlies emanating from the
    subtropical eastern Pacific, may accelerate across the northern
    Mexican Plateau through the southern Great Plains and lower
    Mississippi Valley, around the northwestern periphery of broad
    mid/upper ridging centered over the Gulf Basin. To the north of
    this ridge, large-scale ridging within the mid-latitude westerlies
    is forecast to overspread much of the interior U.S., with a remnant
    downstream cyclone and associated troughing progressing across parts
    of the Northeast and Mid Atlantic.

    In lower levels, models generally indicate that a significant cold
    front will advance southeast of the lower Great Lakes and Ohio
    Valley, while stalling across parts of the Mid South into central
    Great Plains. However, this is likely to be preceded by a weaker
    front, largely driven or reinforced by outflow from Friday/Friday
    night convection.

    ...Mid Atlantic...
    Strong convectively augmented westerly lower/mid-tropospheric flow
    (in excess of 50 kt in the 850-700 mb layer) is likely to spread
    east of the Allegheny and Blue Ridge Mountains, coincident with the
    convective outflow boundary by early Saturday. The extent and
    intensity of continuing convective development along the gust front
    at the outset of the period remains unclear. However, if the severe
    storm cluster from Friday night does not maintain strength with a
    continuing risk for severe wind gusts into and across the Mid
    Atlantic early Saturday, it is possible that destabilization ahead
    of the surface boundary could become sufficient for considerable re-intensification of thunderstorm activity along it, before it
    advances offshore.

    ...Southeastern Great Plains...
    Beneath steep lower/mid-tropospheric lapse rates, models indicate
    that seasonably moist air will maintain a reservoir of large CAPE
    along and south of the initial pre-frontal wind shift/convective
    outflow, roughly across the Ark-La-Texas, and east of a sharpening
    dryline, across western North Texas toward the Del Rio TX area by
    late afternoon. Aided by forcing for ascent and strengthening
    westerly mid/upper flow associated with the subtropical
    perturbations, isolated to scattered supercells may initiate and
    propagate off the retreating dryline by late afternoon. Other
    strong to severe thunderstorm development is possible, aided by
    forcing for ascent associated with warm advection, where mid-level
    inhibition will be weaker along and north of the initial pre-frontal
    wind shift, and perhaps near the surface front across northern
    Oklahoma into north central Arkansas.

    ..Kerr.. 05/15/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 15 19:22:27 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 151922
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 151920

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0220 PM CDT Thu May 15 2025

    Valid 171200Z - 181200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS INTO ARKANSAS...AND OVER PARTS OF THE
    MID-ATLANTIC AND NORTHEAST...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are possible Saturday across parts of the Mid
    Atlantic and Northeast, and across parts of the southeastern Great
    Plains to Lower Mississippi Valley.

    ...Synopsis...

    An upper cyclone and attendant shortwave trough over the upper Great
    Lakes to the TN Valley will shift east on Saturday, becoming
    positioned from NY to offshore the Mid-Atlantic coast by Sunday
    morning. Meanwhile, an upper trough will dig across the western U.S.
    while upper ridging develops over much of the Plains. A belt of
    strong westerly flow associated with the eastern upper trough will
    overspread much of eastern U.S., while a sub-tropical jet streak
    moves across the southern Plain into the Lower MS Valley.

    At the surface, a cold front will surge east across the Ohio Valley
    through early afternoon, and the Mid-Atlantic and Northeast during
    the evening/overnight. The southwest extent of this surface boundary
    will extend from the Lower OH Valley into central OK Saturday
    morning. The boundary may sag southward across portions of the TN
    Valley, while the Plains portion of the boundary lifts northward
    into KS and southern MO during the evening/overnight. Meanwhile, a
    surface dryline will extend south/southwest from near western OK to
    the TX Big Bend vicinity.

    ...Southern Plains to Lower MS Valley...

    The building upper ridge over the Plains will likely suppress
    convection across portions of the region as an EML will be difficult
    to overcome without stronger large-scale ascent/height falls.
    However, low-level convergence along the dryline amid persistent
    low-level warm advection and forecast shortwave perturbations
    migrating through the upper ridge from the southern Rockies into the
    Red River vicinity may aid in isolated to widely scattered storm
    development during the afternoon.

    A very moist airmass will be in place (upper 60s/low 70s F
    dewpoints) beneath 7.5-8.5 C/km midlevel lapse rates. This will
    result in strong instability across the warm sector (MLCAPE greater
    than 2500 J/kg). Furthermore, supercell wind profiles are apparent
    in forecast soundings, with curved low-level hodographs become elongated/straight above 2-3 km. Any discrete cells that develop
    will pose a risk for large to very large hail. If sufficient storm
    coverage occurs, some clustering could result in upscale developing
    into an MCS moving across the ArkLaTex vicinity and into the Lower
    MS Valley during the evening/nighttime hours. If this occurs, a risk
    for damaging gusts will increase.

    ...Southeast...

    Convection may be ongoing/weakening across portions of
    MS/AL/GA/SC/NC Saturday morning. It is unclear how this activity may
    evolve, but an outflow boundary will likely extend across portions
    of MS/AL/GA. Given a very moist and unstable airmass by afternoon
    some redevelopment of thunderstorms is possible. Forcing for ascent
    will be nebulous across the Deep South, so coverage may remain
    sparse. Nevertheless, any storm that develops could produce strong
    gusts or hail.

    ...NC/VA into the Northeast...

    Convection may be ongoing across portions of NC/VA Saturday morning
    but likely will be weakening as outflow is expected to be surging
    across the Piedmont. It is unclear if redevelopment may occur ahead
    of the surface cold front during the afternoon/evening. While a very
    moist and unstable airmass will reside across the region,
    large-scale ascent will remain weak and focused further north toward
    the Northeast. If storms can develop, a risk for large hail and
    damaging gusts will be possible.

    Additional storms are expected to develop with northward extent into
    the Northeast beneath the upper low and ahead of the surface cold
    front. While boundary layer moisture will be more modest with
    northward extent, cool temperatures aloft will foster modest
    destabilization. Isolated to widely scattered storms will pose a
    risk for hail and gusty winds through early evening.

    ..Leitman.. 05/15/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 16 07:34:22 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 160732
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 160731

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 AM CDT Fri May 16 2025

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS CENTRAL
    AND EASTERN KANSAS AND FAR NORTHERN OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of all severe hazards are expected on
    Sunday across portions of the central and southern Plains.

    ...Synopsis...
    An upper-level trough will continue to amplify across the
    Intermountain West on Sunday with a leading mid-level shortwave
    trough forecast to emerge into the central Plains during the
    afternoon and evening. At the surface, a low 990s mb surface low is
    forecast to develop in the eastern Colorado/western Kansas vicinity.
    A dryline will extend south from this surface low with a warm front
    extending east into the Southeast.

    ...Central/Southern Plains...
    Low to mid 70s dewpoints will advect poleward east of a sharpening
    dryline across the central Plains Sunday morning/early afternoon.
    This, combined with strong heating, will result in strong to very
    strong instability across Oklahoma and into southern Kansas with
    moderate to strong instability across eastern Kansas. As a mid-level
    shortwave trough emerges over the Plains, inhibition will erode
    along the dryline with storm development possible during the
    afternoon. Deep layer shear will support supercells as the primary
    storm mode with potential for large hail. As the low-level jet
    strengthens through the day, the low-level hodographs will elongate
    and result in an increasing tornado threat, including the potential
    for strong tornadoes.

    Confidence in storm coverage is highest across Kansas near the
    triple point. While some uncertainty remains where the warm
    front/dryline intersection will be, it will likely be somewhere near
    central Kansas. An enhanced risk (Level 3 out of 5) has been added
    across Kansas and into northern Oklahoma where the confidence for
    storm coverage is highest. However, it is important to note that
    storms could be equally as intense within the slight risk area
    across Oklahoma as storm coverage concerns are the only limiting
    factor to higher severe weather probabilities at this time.

    ...Southeast...
    Isolated storms will be possible along the frontal zone from the Mid-Mississippi Valley to the Southeast. Moderate to strong
    instability and strong shear will be in place along the frontal
    zone. However, forcing should be weak, so storm coverage is
    uncertain at this time.

    ..Bentley.. 05/16/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 16 19:24:53 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 161924
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 161923

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 PM CDT Fri May 16 2025

    Valid 181200Z - 191200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF KANSAS AND NORTH-CENTRAL OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms capable of all severe hazards are expected on
    Sunday across portions of the central and southern Plains.

    ...Central/Southern Plains...

    An upper shortwave impulse will eject east/northeast from the
    southern Rockies into the southern/central Plains on Sunday. Only
    modest height falls are forecast to occur for much of the period.
    Nevertheless, enhanced southwesterly mid/upper flow will overspread
    the region. A lee low is forecast to develop over eastern CO and
    spread east into western KS. A surface dryline will extend southward
    from southwest KS into western OK and central TX. A warm front
    extending west to east along the OK/TX border into southern MO/KY
    will lift northward across the Mid-MO/Lower OH Valleys through early
    Sunday. A very moist airmass with mid/upper 60s F dewpoints is
    expected as far north as northern KS into southern MO. Steep
    midlevel lapse rates atop rich boundary layer moisture will result
    in moderate to strong destabilization.

    Confidence in storm coverage is lower than normal as it is unclear
    if capping will be overcome, especially with southward extent into
    portions of OK/TX. Convection may be more likely to develop near the
    surface triple point in central KS, and eventually further north and
    east along the warm frontal zone within the warm advection regime.
    Where storms can overcome capping, supercells within a favorably
    sheared, strongly unstable environment are expected. An accompany
    risk for significant all-hazards severe will accompany this
    activity.

    During the evening and overnight hours, elevated convection is
    possible in the warm advection regime as the warm front lifts north
    across the central Plains. Elevated storms may pose a risk for hail,
    or if clustering occurs, some damaging wind potential may develop
    with a zone from the Mid-MO Valley vicinity into central MO.

    ...Deep South to GA/SC Coast...

    Enhanced west/northwest flow aloft will overspread the region on
    Sunday. A stalled boundary may modulate northward through the
    afternoon, and a very moist and unstable airmass will be in place
    amid moderate vertical shear. Large-scale ascent will be weak, but
    any storms that develop could become strong/severe.

    ..Leitman.. 05/16/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 17 07:41:26 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 170740
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 170739

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0239 AM CDT Sat May 17 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR NORTH
    TEXAS...MUCH OF EASTERN OKLAHOMA...EASTERN KANSAS...FAR NORTHWEST ARKANSAS...AND MUCH OF CENTRAL AND WESTERN MISSOURI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms with all severe weather hazards are likely from
    portions of the Midwest to the southern Plains on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will move over the central/southern Plains on
    Monday. At the surface, an area of low pressure will move slowly
    east across Kansas and eventually into Missouri. A sharp dryline
    will extend from this surface low southward along the I-35 corridor
    into north-central Texas. A warm front will extend from this surface
    low southeastward into portions of the lower Ohio Valley and into
    the Carolinas Monday morning. This front will move slowly north
    through the day.

    ...Central/Southern Plains into the Midwest...
    Strong to very strong instability will develop across the Plains and
    into the Ozarks on Monday as temperatures warm into the 80s with
    dewpoints in the low 70s while mid-level temperatures cool ahead of
    the approaching mid-level trough. As strengthening mid-level flow
    overspreads the warm sector, a favorable environment for intense
    supercells will develop with 3000+ J/kg MLCAPE and 50+ knots of
    shear across a broad region. Large to very large hail will be likely
    within supercells across eastern Kansas and Oklahoma into northern
    Texas. The tornado threat remains potent but more uncertain. The
    weakening nature of the surface low and a strengthening low-level
    jet during the evening when mode remains less clear are the primary uncertainties at this time. Eventually expect storms to congeal into
    one or more MCSs with an increasing severe wind threat.

    Additional storms are likely late Monday evening as a cold front
    overtakes the dryline across Kansas and eventually into Oklahoma.
    Storm intensity during this period remains unclear as it will depend
    greatly on remaining instability in the wake of earlier convection.
    Regardless, if earlier convection does not materialize as expected,
    more robust storms are likely along the cold front. Therefore,
    between the likely dryline storms during the afternoon and potential
    for storms along the cold front Monday evening, numerous severe
    thunderstorms are likely across Kansas and Oklahoma with that threat
    continuing eastward into parts of Missouri and Arkansas Monday
    evening.

    ..Bentley.. 05/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sat May 17 19:25:02 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 171924
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 171924

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 PM CDT Sat May 17 2025

    Valid 191200Z - 201200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS INTO MISSOURI...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms with all severe weather hazards remain likely from
    portions of the Midwest to the southern Plains on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    The embedded mid-level impulse (responsible for Day 2 severe) will
    approach the Great Lakes region as the primary upper trough ejects
    into the Plains states on Monday. Some surface low strengthening is
    expected along or just north of the KS/OK border by afternoon,
    supporting a sharpening dryline along the I-35 corridor, with a warm
    front draped from eastern NE to the OH River. Scattered to
    potentially widespread thunderstorm development is likely by mid
    afternoon along the warm front and ahead of the dryline. With strong
    vertical wind shear and instability in place over the Plains to the
    Midwest, severe storms with all convective hazards are likely.
    Strong thunderstorms may also develop further east along the warm
    front over the TN Valley as well.

    ...Portions of the central Plains into the Midwest...
    Scattered showers and thunderstorms may be ongoing at the start of
    the period (12Z Monday morning). However, gradual clearing of this precipitation and associated cloud cover should support
    destabilization along and south of a warm front during the
    afternoon. Boundary layer heating, along with increasing deep-layer
    ascent from the approaching upper trough, will encourage the
    development of several thunderstorms along the warm front during the
    afternoon, from far eastern NE to the MO/IL border. On the warm side
    of the front, 70+ F surface dewpoints beneath steep mid-level lapse
    rates will boost MLCAPE to over 3000 J/kg amid 50 kts of effective
    bulk shear. NAM forecast soundings depict enlarged hodographs as
    well. Supercells may develop along the warm front, accompanied by
    large hail. Storms that can remain surface based, along or just
    south of the warm front, will have the best chance to produce
    tornadoes.

    ...Portions of the central into southern Plains...
    Modest to considerable cloud cover, perhaps accompanied by showers,
    may overspread parts of the central and southern Plains Monday
    morning. Nonetheless, enough clearing should take place ahead of a
    sharpening dryline by afternoon to support considerable
    destabilization given steep mid-level lapse rates from an EML. The
    dryline should be positioned just west of I-35 by mid-afternoon,
    with surface dewpoints ahead of the dryline exceeding upper 60s to
    70 F, supporting well over 3000 J/kg MLCAPE on a widespread basis.
    Strong southwesterly mid-level flow overspreading southeasterly
    surface flow ahead of the low will result in over 50 kts of
    effective bulk shear. By mid afternoon, at least scattered supercell development is expected all along the dryline, from southeast NE to
    central OK, with more isolated supercell coverage likely over
    northern into central TX. Given ample buoyancy and deep-layer shear,
    large hail is expected, with very large hail over 2 inches in
    diameter likely with the more dominant supercell structures. By late
    afternoon into early evening, the strengthening of the low-level jet
    over central and eastern KS/OK will support substantial low-level
    veering of the vertical wind profile, with notable low-level
    hodograph size/curvature in forecast soundings. As such, the more
    dominant, right-moving supercells will have the potential to produce
    tornadoes, and at least a few strong tornadoes are possible.

    ...Portions of the TN Valley...
    Multiple rounds of thunderstorms are possible along a residual
    baroclinic boundary across the TN Valley, both during the morning
    hours, and later in the evening. While not quite as unstable as
    points farther to the west, modest mid-level lapse rates amid
    elongated hodographs should support multicells, supercells, and
    short line segments. The stronger storms may be capable of isolated
    instances of large hail, gusty winds, and perhaps a brief tornado.

    ..Squitieri.. 05/17/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 18 19:28:46 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 181928
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 181927

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0227 PM CDT Sun May 18 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF TENNESSEE INTO NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI AND ALABAMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are likely across portions of the Ohio Valley, Mid-Mississippi Valley, and Tennessee Valley on Monday.

    ...Mid-Mississippi Valley into the Ohio/Tennessee Valleys...

    A shortwave upper trough will develop east across the region on
    Tuesday, bringing enhanced southwesterly mid/upper flow atop a very
    moist airmass. A surface low over northern MO will shift east across
    IL/IN and into OH by Wednesday morning. Mid-60s to low 70s F
    dewpoints will be in place to the south of a warm front draped
    across central IL/IN into northern KY by midday. A trailing cold
    front will shift east/southeast across the Ozarks toward the
    Mid-South during the afternoon, and across the TN and Lower MS
    Valley overnight. Moderate to strong destabilization ahead of the
    cold front and strong vertical shear will support organized
    convection capable of all severe hazards.

    Guidance varies, but convection will likely be ongoing in the
    vicinity of the warm front Tuesday morning from parts of IL into IN
    and perhaps KY. The exact location and extent of this activity will
    influence severe potential across the Ohio Valley during the
    afternoon. There is some potential that if morning convection does
    not dilute the favorable airmass across KY that higher severe
    probabilities may need to be extended northward in subsequent
    outlooks.

    Otherwise, initial supercells are expected to develop ahead of the
    cold front across the Mid-South during the afternoon. This activity
    will pose a risk for large hail, strong gusts and tornadoes. With
    time, convection is expected to develop upscale into one or more
    bowing segments while shifting east across the TN Valley into the evening/overnight hours. An increasing risk for damaging winds will
    occur with upscale development and some potential for a swath of
    significant gusts is possible across the TN Valley vicinity.

    ...NC Vicinity...

    A warm front is forecast to lift northward across the region during
    the day, allowing for a corridor of rich boundary-layer moisture to
    spread across parts of SC/NC/western VA. Vertically veering,
    supercell wind profiles along this boundary, and MLCAPE to 1500 J/kg
    MLCAPE is evident in forecast soundings. This could support a few
    strong to severe storms during the late afternoon or evening as
    modest height falls overspread the region.

    ..Leitman.. 05/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 18 19:37:14 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 181937
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 181936

    Day 3 Convective Outlook CORR 1
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0236 PM CDT Sun May 18 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF TENNESSEE INTO NORTHERN MISSISSIPPI AND ALABAMA...

    CORRECTED FOR DAY OF WEEK REFERENCE

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are likely across portions of the Ohio Valley, Mid-Mississippi Valley, and Tennessee Valley on Tuesday.

    ...Mid-Mississippi Valley into the Ohio/Tennessee Valleys...

    A shortwave upper trough will develop east across the region on
    Tuesday, bringing enhanced southwesterly mid/upper flow atop a very
    moist airmass. A surface low over northern MO will shift east across
    IL/IN and into OH by Wednesday morning. Mid-60s to low 70s F
    dewpoints will be in place to the south of a warm front draped
    across central IL/IN into northern KY by midday. A trailing cold
    front will shift east/southeast across the Ozarks toward the
    Mid-South during the afternoon, and across the TN and Lower MS
    Valley overnight. Moderate to strong destabilization ahead of the
    cold front and strong vertical shear will support organized
    convection capable of all severe hazards.

    Guidance varies, but convection will likely be ongoing in the
    vicinity of the warm front Tuesday morning from parts of IL into IN
    and perhaps KY. The exact location and extent of this activity will
    influence severe potential across the Ohio Valley during the
    afternoon. There is some potential that if morning convection does
    not dilute the favorable airmass across KY that higher severe
    probabilities may need to be extended northward in subsequent
    outlooks.

    Otherwise, initial supercells are expected to develop ahead of the
    cold front across the Mid-South during the afternoon. This activity
    will pose a risk for large hail, strong gusts and tornadoes. With
    time, convection is expected to develop upscale into one or more
    bowing segments while shifting east across the TN Valley into the evening/overnight hours. An increasing risk for damaging winds will
    occur with upscale development and some potential for a swath of
    significant gusts is possible across the TN Valley vicinity.

    ...NC Vicinity...

    A warm front is forecast to lift northward across the region during
    the day, allowing for a corridor of rich boundary-layer moisture to
    spread across parts of SC/NC/western VA. Vertically veering,
    supercell wind profiles along this boundary, and MLCAPE to 1500 J/kg
    MLCAPE is evident in forecast soundings. This could support a few
    strong to severe storms during the late afternoon or evening as
    modest height falls overspread the region.

    ..Leitman.. 05/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Sun May 18 07:33:55 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 180731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 180730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Sun May 18 2025

    Valid 201200Z - 211200Z

    ...THERE IS AN ENHANCED RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE MID-MISSISSIPPI VALLEY...OHIO VALLEY...AND TENNESSEE VALLEY...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe thunderstorms are likely across portions of the Ohio Valley, Mid-Mississippi Valley, and Tennessee Valley on Monday.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level low will stall and perhaps start to retrograde across
    parts of the Upper Midwest on Monday. A surface low in the MO/IL
    region will start to occlude during the day. A cold front will move
    east through the period with a warm front across the Ohio Valley.

    ...Mid-Mississippi Valley into the Ohio Valley and Tennessee
    Valley...
    Thunderstorms will likely be ongoing amid broad isentropic ascent
    and moderate elevated instability along the warm front in southern
    Illinois and Indiana and vicinity on Monday morning. South of this
    morning activity, where upper 60s to low 70s dewpoints are
    anticipated, moderate to strong instability is forecast to develop
    amid daytime heating. As 55 to 65 knots of mid-level flow
    overspreads the warm sector, strong shear will be present for
    supercells. Large to very large hail will be the primary threat
    initially, as low-level flow will likely be veered. However,
    low-level shear should be strong enough to support some tornado
    threat during the afternoon/evening. As storms grow upscale, one or
    more bowing segments may develop with an increased damaging wind
    threat during the evening and perhaps persisting into the overnight
    period.

    ..Bentley.. 05/18/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon May 19 07:32:55 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 190731
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 190730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Mon May 19 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS SOUTHEAST
    VIRGINIA AND EASTERN NORTH CAROLINA...ALONG THE ATLANTIC COAST TO
    THE FL/GA BORDER...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Isolated strong to severe storms are possible across southeast
    Virginia, eastern North Carolina, and along the Atlantic coast to
    near the Florida/Georgia border.

    ...Discussion...
    Thunderstorms will likely be ongoing at the beginning of the period,
    Wednesday, along a frontal zone from the Mid-Atlantic to the Florida
    Panhandle. Aloft, an elongated jet streak will overspread areas from
    Virginia to northern Florida. A very moist, mostly uncapped airmass
    will be in place east of the cold front with a 60-70 knot mid-level
    jet streak overspreading the warm sector. Therefore, some strong to
    severe storms are possible along the front before it moves into the
    Atlantic at some point Wednesday afternoon. Damaging wind gusts (and
    perhaps a tornado) are anticipated. The location with the greatest
    potential for greater severe coverage will likely be across eastern
    North Carolina and southeast Virginia. However, given the proximity
    to the coast and a relatively narrow window of favorable conditions,
    no slight risk has been introduced.

    Elsewhere, thunderstorm activity is possible along a cold frontal
    zone from MS/AL to southern Texas. However, forcing will be quite
    weak and therefore, any development should remain mostly isolated.

    ..Bentley.. 05/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Mon May 19 19:28:26 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 191927
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 191926

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0226 PM CDT Mon May 19 2025

    Valid 211200Z - 221200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    CAROLINAS AND MID-ATLANTIC/SOUTHEAST STATES...

    ...SUMMARY...
    At least isolated severe storms are possible Wednesday mainly across
    parts of North Carolina and nearby parts of southern Virginia and/or
    eastern South Carolina.

    ...Carolinas and Mid-Atlantic/Southeast States...
    Within the base of the Great Lakes-centered upper trough, strong
    westerlies aloft will exist over the Carolinas, central/southern
    Appalachians and Mid-Atlantic States on Wednesday. Scattered
    thunderstorms will likely be ongoing in the morning, potentially
    complexifying the details of where the north/south extent of
    most-favorable severe storm ingredients will materialize. However, severe-weather potential currently seems most likely to set up
    across North Carolina and possibly southern Virginia in vicinity of
    the warm front and a weak surface wave. A semi-focused corridor of supercell/severe-storm potential could materialize with
    hail/damaging wind and tornado potential. Slight Risk-caliber severe probabilities are plausible into the Day 2 or Day 1 time frame as
    forecast details are refined.

    Other more isolated severe storms may occur through the afternoon
    with southwestward extent along the southeastward-advancing cold
    front into southeast Georgia and northern Florida, where moderate
    buoyancy is expected coincident with the southern edge of stronger
    westerlies aloft.

    ..Guyer.. 05/19/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue May 20 07:31:01 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 200730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 200730

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0230 AM CDT Tue May 20 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS NORTHWEST TEXAS
    INTO SOUTHWEST OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe storms are possible across portions of northwest Texas
    into southwest Oklahoma on Thursday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Mid-level ridging is forecast to strengthen somewhat across the
    central High Plains on Thursday. Low-level southeasterly flow will
    strengthen across the Plains during the period as lee troughing
    begins across the High Plains. A dryline will sharpen through the
    period and may be a focus for strong to severe storms on Thursday afternoon/evening.

    ...Northwest Texas into Southwest Oklahoma...
    Strong heating is expected across the southern High Plains on
    Thursday with weak upslope flow. While large-scale forcing should
    remain weak with neutral height tendencies, this weak upslope flow,
    combined with a dryline circulation, may be sufficient for a few
    strong to severe storms within in uncapped airmass. Storms will be
    most likely across northwest Texas where upper 60s to low 70s
    dewpoints should be present east of the dryline with temperatures
    forecast in the upper 90s west of the dryline. Modest
    west-northwesterly flow aloft should provide moderate shear, which
    will support supercells. Supercell mode and relatively high-based
    storms should support a primary threat of isolated large hail and
    severe wind gusts.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Additional upslope thunderstorms may develop across portions of
    eastern Colorado, but uncertainties in moisture recovery cast doubts
    on storm coverage. Therefore, a marginal risk is not warranted at
    this time.

    ..Bentley.. 05/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Tue May 20 19:33:38 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 201932
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 201931

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0231 PM CDT Tue May 20 2025

    Valid 221200Z - 231200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR SOUTHWEST
    OKLAHOMA INTO NORTHWEST TEXAS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few severe storms are possible across portions of Northwest Texas
    into southwest Oklahoma on Thursday.

    ...Southwest Oklahoma into Northwest Texas...
    Modest moisture return is possible ahead of a quasi-stationary
    boundary near the Red River. Strong heating south of the boundary
    will support a well-mixed boundary layer with perhaps 2000-2500 J/kg
    MLCAPE in some areas. Moisture will likely be a bit shallow and
    dewpoints will tend to mix int the mid/upper 50s F, though guidance
    still suggests 60s F near the boundary. Moderate northwest flow
    aloft will promote 40-50 kts of effective shear. A few organized
    storms appear possible with an attendant risk for large hail and
    severe winds.

    ...Carolinas...
    Strong mid-level flow will persist across the region. However, the
    surface low will be well offshore and low-level forcing will be
    nebulous at best. It is unclear how many storms will form during the
    afternoon and, with dewpoints generally falling into the 50s F,
    there intensity is also questionable. Confidence is too low for
    unconditional severe probabilities, but strong wind gusts are not
    completely out of the question.

    ..Wendt.. 05/20/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed May 21 07:27:18 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 210726
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 210725

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 AM CDT Wed May 21 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS FOR PORTIONS OF
    THE CENTRAL PLAINS AND SOUTHEAST FLORIDA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong to severe storms are possible across portions of the
    central Plains and across southeast Florida.

    ...Synopsis...
    Mid-level ridging will shift east from the Rockies to the central
    Plains on Friday. At the surface, a lee cyclone will develop in the
    southeast Colorado vicinity. A warm front will expand east from this
    surface low with a dryline south across the High Plains.

    ...Central Plains...
    Mid to upper 60s dewpoints are forecast east of the dryline on
    Friday afternoon. As temperatures warm, moderate instability will
    develop across Oklahoma and North Texas. Diurnal convection along
    the dryline remains questionable due to rising heights aloft and
    significant inhibition. However, once the nocturnal low-level jet
    strengthens, scattered convection is likely north of the warm front
    across the central Plains. Moderate elevated instability and
    moderate to strong effective shear will support some potential for
    large hail from this activity.

    ...Southeast Florida...
    Cool temperatures aloft (-10C at 500mb) and moderate instability are
    forecast across the Florida Peninsula on Friday. Thunderstorms are
    likely along the sea breeze by early afternoon. Moderate deep-layer
    shear will support the potential for some storm organization,
    including some rotating updrafts. Large hail and damaging wind gusts
    will be possible Friday afternoon across southeast Florida.

    ..Bentley.. 05/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Wed May 21 19:28:12 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 211926
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 211925

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0225 PM CDT Wed May 21 2025

    Valid 231200Z - 241200Z

    ...THERE IS A MARGINAL RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS
    OF THE CENTRAL AND SOUTHERN PLAINS...WESTERN TEXAS...AND THE EASTERN
    FLORIDA PENINSULA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A few strong to severe storms are possible across portions of the
    central Plains, western Texas, and across southeast Florida on
    Friday.

    ...Synopsis...
    Upper ridging will persist over the central CONUS as a mid-level
    trough meanders along the East Coast and a second upper trough
    traverses the Interior West on Friday. Surface high pressure will
    dominate much of the central, northern, and eastern CONUS while a
    surface low develops over the central High Plains. Ahead of the
    surface low, adequate moisture return within a low-level warm-air
    advection regime will encourage thunderstorm development across
    portions of the central and southern Plains, with a few strong
    storms possible. Strong to potentially severe storms may also form
    over western TX as boundary layer mixing encourages the eastward
    advancement of the dryline, where low-level convergence will be
    maximized. A few strong storms may develop across eastern portions
    of the FL Peninsula ahead of a stalled frontal boundary.

    ...Portions of the central and southern Plains...
    Multiple rounds of deep-moist convection are likely along a diffuse
    baroclinic boundary across the central Plains, driven primarily by a
    warm-air advection regime. Strong to severe storms are most likely
    during the afternoon and evening hours. By late afternoon,
    supercells may develop off of the higher terrain of northeastern
    Colorado as upslope flow and diurnal heating maximize lift amid 8-9
    C/km mid-level lapse rates and elongated hodographs. These storms
    may progress east-southeastward through the overnight hours,
    accompanied by some threat for large hail.

    ...Portions of western Texas...
    As the dryline mixes eastward by afternoon peak heating, isolated
    but strong thunderstorms may develop atop a dry boundary layer,
    which may deepen to 700 mb. Given some hodograph elongation and over
    30 kts of effective bulk shear, some of these storms may develop
    into organized multicells. 9 C/km lapse rates characterizing the
    boundary layer will support severe gust potential with the stronger
    storms.

    ...Portions of the eastern Florida Peninsula...
    Thunderstorms should develop ahead of a stalled front during the
    afternoon, where rich low-level moisture beneath modest mid-level
    lapse rates will contribute to over 2000 J/kg MLCAPE. With modestly
    elongated hodographs in place, multicells may form, accompanied by a
    sparse hail/wind threat.

    ..Squitieri.. 05/21/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 22 07:25:37 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 220725
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 220724

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0224 AM CDT Thu May 22 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS THE
    NORTHWEST HALF OF OKLAHOMA...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are likely across the northwest half of Oklahoma on
    Saturday. Isolated strong to severe storms are possible across a
    broad region from the central High Plains to the Southeast.

    ...Discussion...
    Elevated thunderstorms will likely be ongoing at the beginning of
    the period from southeast Kansas into eastern Oklahoma, Missouri,
    and Arkansas along a broad region of isentropic ascent. This
    activity should continue southeast through the morning and weaken as
    the nocturnal low-level jet weakens.

    A surface low will deepen across the southern High Plains on
    Saturday. As this occurs, low-level southeasterly flow will
    strengthen across Texas and Oklahoma. This will result in strong to
    very strong instability across Oklahoma by Saturday afternoon. In
    addition, a frontal zone will settle somewhere near the
    Kansas/Oklahoma border. Storms are forecast to develop along this
    front Saturday afternoon/evening. Stronger mid-level flow is
    forecast to overspread the front and provide moderate to strong
    shear capable of supporting supercells. In addition, westerly flow
    aloft should allow for storms to move along or perhaps even move off
    of the front. Large hail (some very large), severe wind gusts, and
    perhaps a tornado or two, will be possible.

    Additional, more isolated thunderstorms are possible south along the
    dryline into parts of West Texas. However, flow will get weaker with
    southern extent and therefore, storm organization remains less
    clear.

    Weak upslope flow may result in additional storms across eastern
    Colorado. Relatively weak instability is forecast, but it should be
    sufficient for at least a few strong to isolated severe storms
    Saturday afternoon/evening.

    Elevated thunderstorms will develop Saturday night as the nocturnal
    low-level jet intensifies. The reservoir of very strong instability
    across the central Plains and moderate deep-layer shear will support
    the potential for some elevated supercells capable of large hail
    from this activity.

    ..Bentley.. 05/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Thu May 22 19:24:53 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 221924
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 221923

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0223 PM CDT Thu May 22 2025

    Valid 241200Z - 251200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PORTIONS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    Severe storms are likely across portions of the southern Plains on
    Saturday. Severe wind gusts and large hail are the main threats, and
    a few instances of 2+ inch diameter hail may occur. Isolated strong
    to severe storms remain possible across a broad region from the
    central High Plains to the Southeast.

    ...Synopsis...
    A mid-level trough will continue to progress eastward across the
    Interior West as upper ridging persists over the central CONUS, and
    broad northwesterly mid-level flow (from a departing trough)
    overspreads the Mid-MS Valley to the East Coast on Saturday.
    Relatively rich low-level moisture will continue to pivot around a quasi-stationary surface low over the southern High Plains, fueling
    the potential for strong thunderstorm development from the High
    Plains to the Southeast. Thunderstorms will be ongoing at the start
    of the period over the central Plains into the Lower MS Valley. The
    morning convection may leave an outflow boundary to serve as the
    impetus for more robust, severe storm development Saturday afternoon
    across far northwest TX into western and central OK.

    ...Far Northwest Texas into Western and central Oklahoma...
    Mid-morning thunderstorms, perhaps in the form of an MCS, will be
    traversing the terminus of a weakening low-level jet, leaving behind
    an outflow boundary, likely positioned somewhere near the KS/OK
    border. By afternoon, redevelopment of storms is likely ahead of the
    surface low and along/south of the pre-existing boundary. The
    airmass preceding these storms will be very to extremely unstable,
    with low 70s F dewpoints beneath 9+ C/km mid-level lapse supporting
    deep, wide CAPE profiles, with 4000-5000 J/kg MLCAPE values
    expected. Modest veering with height will support 35 kts of
    effective bulk shear, characterized by hodographs with some
    elongation and curvature. Given the expected degree of instability,
    supercells are the likely storm mode, with severe wind and large to
    very large hail the main threats.

    ...Portions of Western Texas...
    Strong heating of the boundary layer will encourage the eastward
    advancement of the dryline, which will support thunderstorm
    initiation by mid to late afternoon. These storms should be
    high-based as they develop atop a boundary layer that may extend up
    to at least 700 mb, with 30+ F T/Td spreads likely. Deep-layer flow
    and shear will be weaker farther south, and when considering the
    high degree of evaporative cooling expected in a dry boundary layer, outflow-dominant multicells are expected. An instance of severe hail
    may occur with initial updrafts, followed by severe gust potential
    with subsequent downbursts and larger scale outflow from decaying
    multicells.

    ...Central High Plains...
    Surface-850 mb upslope flow along the higher terrain of the central
    High Plains may encourage isolated thunderstorm development by mid
    to late afternoon. NAM forecast soundings show a stable boundary
    layer in place, suggesting that storms should be elevated.
    Nonetheless, forecast hodographs show considerable elongation above
    the stable layer, indicating that multicell and supercell structures
    are possible, perhaps accompanied by a sparse hail/strong gust
    threat.

    ...Lower MS Valley into the Southeast...
    The aforementioned strong storms/possible MCS across the southern
    Plains during the morning hours may shift eastward along a diffuse
    baroclinic boundary. Assuming these storms persist toward the
    Southeast with some appreciable degree of intensity, an instance or
    two of strong wind gusts or hail are possible. Later Saturday evening/overnight, strong storms across the southern Plains may
    persist eastward as the low-level jet strengthens. Should this be
    the case, 7-8 C/km mid-level lapse rates (supporting over 2000 J/kg
    MLCAPE), along with elongated hodographs, may support the approach
    of another nocturnal MCS, accompanied by a sparse wind/hail threat.

    ..Squitieri.. 05/22/2025

    $$

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  • From COD Weather Processor@1:2320/105 to wx-storm@lists.illinois.edu on Fri May 23 07:30:26 2025
    ACUS03 KWNS 230730
    SWODY3
    SPC AC 230729

    Day 3 Convective Outlook
    NWS Storm Prediction Center Norman OK
    0229 AM CDT Fri May 23 2025

    Valid 251200Z - 261200Z

    ...THERE IS A SLIGHT RISK OF SEVERE THUNDERSTORMS ACROSS PARTS OF
    THE SOUTHERN PLAINS AND WESTERN OZARKS...

    ...SUMMARY...
    A severe threat is expected on Sunday afternoon and evening across
    parts of the southern and central Plains. A threat for large hail,
    wind damage and a couple tornadoes will be possible. A marginal
    severe threat is also expected in part of the Southeast.

    ...Southern and Central Plains/Lower Mississippi Valley...
    A low-amplitude mid-level ridge is forecast to move eastward across
    the lower to mid Mississippi Valley on Sunday. A broad, moist and
    unstable airmass will be in place across much of the southern U.S.
    Along the northern edge of this airmass, scattered thunderstorms
    should be ongoing at the start of the period from parts of the
    central Plains eastward into the Ozarks. Within this airmass,
    surface dewpoints will be in the 60s F and the lower 70s F. By
    afternoon, moderate to strong instability is forecast over much of
    this airmass. The strongest instability is expected from east of a
    dryline in west Texas northeastward to a front into Oklahoma. These
    two features will focus low-level convergence and be favorable for
    convective initiation during the mid to late afternoon.

    NAM forecast soundings by late afternoon in northwest Texas and
    southwest Oklahoma have MLCAPE peaking in the 2500 to 3500 J/kg
    range, with 700-500 mb lapse rates near 8 C/km. This environment,
    combined with 0-6 km shear near 30 knots should be favorable for
    supercells with large hail. Hailstones greater than 2 inches in
    diameter will be possible in the more intense cores. A tornado
    threat may also develop with supercells that become dominant,
    especially as low-level flow strengthens during the early evening.

    Further east into parts of eastern Oklahoma and Arkansas, convective
    coverage is expected to be greater due to warm advection. Although
    some of this activity could be elevated, surface-based cells that
    develop near the strongest instability could have a wind-damage
    threat. Isolated large hail will also be possible.

    ...Southeast...
    Westerly mid-level flow is forecast across the Southeast on Sunday.
    At the surface, a moist airmass will be located across the Gulf
    Coast States, where surface dewpoints are forecast to be in the
    lower to mid 70s F. Although large-scale ascent will be weak,
    isolated to scattered thunderstorms are expected to form along zones
    of low-level convergence during the late afternoon. The stronger
    cells could have potential for severe gusts and hail.

    ..Broyles.. 05/23/2025

    $$

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