How To View Image Metadata On Linux
by sk - Published August 26, 2019 - Updated August 27, 2019
Image Metadata is a set of information about the images. Metadata is either embedded into the image itself or stored in a separate file. There are three types of Metadata, namely;
Technical metadata,
Descriptive metadata,
Administrative metadata.
As the name says, the Technical metadata usually includes technical information of an image, such as camera details, DPI, shutter speed, file size, image format, the date and time when the image is captured or created, the software used to create the image and a few other details. The technical metadata is mostly generated automatically by the camera devices.
The Descriptive metadata is manually added by the photographer. The owner (or photographer) can add it manually by using any external software such as GIMP or Photoshop. It includes the information such as the title of the photo, location, photographer name and comments etc. The descriptive metadata is very useful to search photos easily and quickly.
The Administrative metadata contains identification and contact details of the owner, license, copyright and usage terms of the images.
Adding metadata to images is important to prevent content theft, misuse and track the usage of images. However, the metadata can be easily striped away. Hope you get the basic idea about Image metadata and its types.
Now let us go ahead and see how to find the information about images from command line on Linux.
View Image Metadata On Linux
There are many tools to find the metadata of an image on Linux. Here, I have given three command line tools to view such details.
1. Using ImageMagick
ImageMagick has a command line tool named "Identify" to find image metadata. ImageMagick is available in the default repositories of most Linux distributions.
On Arch Linux and its variants, run the following command to install ImageMagick:
$ sudo pacman -S imagemagick
On Debian, Ubuntu, Linux Mint:
$ sudo apt install imagemagick
On Fedora:
$ sudo dnf install imagemagick
On SUSE/openSUSE:
$ sudo zypper install ImageMagick
Now let us find Image metadata. To do so, simply run:
$ identify -verbose image.png
This command will list detailed output of the metadata of the given image.
Image: image.png
Format: PNG (Portable Network Graphics)
Mime type: image/png
Class: DirectClass
Geometry: 1366x768+0+0
Units: Undefined
Type: TrueColor
Endianess: Undefined
Colorspace: sRGB
Depth: 8-bit
Channel depth:
red: 8-bit
green: 8-bit
blue: 8-bit
Channel statistics:
Pixels: 1049088
Red:
min: 0 (0)
max: 255 (1)
mean: 158.62 (0.62204)
standard deviation: 36.8176 (0.144383)
kurtosis: -0.256842
skewness: -0.00384146
entropy: 0.897097
Green:
min: 0 (0)
max: 255 (1)
mean: 39.1664 (0.153594)
standard deviation: 30.5192 (0.119683)
kurtosis: 26.7374
skewness: 4.16992
entropy: 0.773393
Blue:
min: 0 (0)
max: 255 (1)
mean: 48.4269 (0.189909)
standard deviation: 27.7343 (0.108762)
kurtosis: 33.5882
skewness: 4.85108
entropy: 0.741411
Image statistics:
Overall:
min: 0 (0)
max: 255 (1)
mean: 82.0712 (0.321848)
standard deviation: 31.9173 (0.125166)
kurtosis: 35.6513
skewness: 6.83895
entropy: 0.803967
Rendering intent: Perceptual
Gamma: 0.454545
Chromaticity:
red primary: (0.64,0.33)
green primary: (0.3,0.6)
blue primary: (0.15,0.06)
white point: (0.3127,0.329)
Background color: white
Border color: srgb(223,223,223)
Matte color: grey74
Transparent color: black
Interlace: None
Intensity: Undefined
Compose: Over
Page geometry: 1366x768+0+0
Dispose: Undefined
Iterations: 0
Compression: Zip
Orientation: Undefined
Properties:
date:create: 2019-08-26T19:25:54+06:00
date:modify: 2019-08-09T13:49:32+05:00
png:IHDR.bit-depth-orig: 8
png:IHDR.bit_depth: 8
png:IHDR.color-type-orig: 2
png:IHDR.color_type: 2 (Truecolor)
png:IHDR.interlace_method: 0 (Not interlaced)
png:IHDR.width,height: 1366, 768
png:sRGB: intent=0 (Perceptual Intent)
signature:6e35d79e6896e49e6256eadeec46b4f6a4951b13e309a9c89d9235ce51a3b541
Artifacts:
filename: image.png
verbose: true
Tainted: False
Filesize: 379KB
Number pixels: 1.049M
Pixels per second: 26.23MB
User time: 0.040u
Elapsed time: 0:01.039
Version: ImageMagick 6.9.7-4 Q16 x86_64 20170114
http://www.imagemagick.org
If you only want the basic details, such as simply remove -verbose option.
$ identify image.png
image.png PNG 1366x768 1366x768+0+0 8-bit sRGB 379KB 0.000u 0:00.000
More details can be found in the man pages:
$ man identify
2. Using file command
We can use file command, which is used to determine file types, to view metadata of an image.
$ file image.png
image.png: PNG image data, 1366 x 768, 8-bit/color RGB, non-interlaced
The file command doesn’t have an option to provide detailed output like "identify" command. It only prints the basic metadata.
Read man pages to know more about file command:
$ man file
3. Using Exif Tool
Exif is a command line utility to display and change EXIF data of an image. For those wondering, EXIF (stands for Exchangeable Image File Format) is typically a JPEG file written in your storage device whenever you take a
photo with your smartphone or camera. EXIF data includes details such as date and time of photos, camera settings, geolocation, license and copyright information etc. It is available in the default repositories in Debian and its derivatives like Ubuntu.
$ sudo apt install exif
To view Image metadata using exif, simply run:
$ exif image.jpg
Exif will produce a nice output in tabular column format like below.
EXIF tags in 'image.jpg' ('Motorola' byte order): --------------------+---------------------------------------------------------- Tag |Value --------------------+---------------------------------------------------------- Image Description |Lady Evelyn Falls/Chutes Lady Evelyn, Northwest Territori Artist |J. A. Kraulis
Copyright |J. A. Kraulis/Masterfile (Photographer) - [None] (Editor) XP Title |Lady Evelyn Falls/Chutes Lady Evelyn, Northwest Territori XP Author |J. A. Kraulis
Padding |2060 bytes undefined data
X-Resolution |72
Y-Resolution |72
Resolution Unit |Inch
Padding |2060 bytes undefined data
Exif Version |Exif Version 2.1
FlashPixVersion |FlashPix Version 1.0
Color Space |Internal error (unknown value 65535) --------------------+----------------------------------------------------------
Exif not only reads the metadata but also writes EXIF to the images. For more details, check man pages:
$ man exif
Hope this helps.
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